Shaggy-dog story
Captain Kopeikin, illustration by Pyotr Boklevsky

In its original sense, a shaggy-dog story or yarn is an extremely long-winded anecdote characterized by extensive narration of typically irrelevant incidents and terminated by an anticlimax.

Shaggy-dog stories play upon the audience's preconceptions of joke-telling. The audience listens to the story with certain expectations, which are either simply not met or met in some entirely unexpected manner.[1] A lengthy shaggy-dog story derives its humour from the fact that the joke-teller held the attention of the listeners for a long time (such jokes can take five minutes or more to tell) for no reason at all, as the long-awaited resolution is essentially meaningless, with the joke as a whole playing upon humans' search for meaning.[2][3] The nature of their delivery is reflected in the English idiom spin a yarn, by way of analogy with the production of yarn.

As a comic device, the shaggy-dog story is related to unintentional long windedness, and the two are sometimes both referred to in the same way. While a shaggy-dog story is a comic exaggeration of the real life experience, it is also deliberately constructed to play off an audience who are expecting a comedic payoff and uses that expectation to subvert expectations and create comedy in unexpected ways.

Archetypal story

The eponymous shaggy dog story serves as the archetype of the genre. The story builds up a repeated emphasizing of the dog's exceptional shagginess. The climax of the story culminates in a character reacting to the animal by stating: "That dog's not so shaggy." The expectations of the audience that have been built up by the presentation of the story, both in the details (that the dog is shaggy) and in the delivery of a punchline, are thus subverted. Ted Cohen gives the following example of this story:

A boy owned a dog that was uncommonly shaggy. Many people remarked upon its considerable shagginess. When the boy learned that there are contests for shaggy dogs, he entered his dog. The dog won first prize for shagginess in both the local and the regional competitions. The boy entered the dog in ever-larger contests, until finally he entered it in the world championship for shaggy dogs. When the judges had inspected all of the competing dogs, they remarked about the boy's dog: "He's not that shaggy."[1]

However, authorities disagree as to whether this particular story is the archetype after which the category is named. Eric Partridge, for example, provides a very different story, as do William and Mary Morris in The Morris Dictionary of Word and Phrase Origins.

According to Partridge and the Morrises, the archetypical shaggy-dog story involves an advertisement placed in the Times announcing a search for a shaggy dog. In the Partridge story, an aristocratic family living in Park Lane is searching for a lost dog, and an American answers the advertisement with a shaggy dog that he has found and personally brought across the Atlantic, only to be received by the butler at the end of the story who takes one look at the dog and shuts the door in his face, saying, "But not so shaggy as that, sir!" In the Morris story, the advertiser is organizing a competition to find the shaggiest dog in the world, and after a lengthy exposition of the search for such a dog, a winner is presented to the aristocratic instigator of the competition, who says, "I don't think he's so shaggy."[4][5]

Analysis

Humanities scholar Jane Marie Todd observed that the shaggy-dog story demonstrates the nature of desiring humor and how that process occurs.[3]

Examples in literature

Mark Twain and the story of grandfather's old ram

A typical shaggy-dog story occurs in Mark Twain's book about his travels west, Roughing It (1872). Twain's friends encourage him to go find a man called Jim Blaine when he is properly drunk, and ask him to tell "the stirring story about his grandfather's old ram."[6] Twain, encouraged by his friends who have already heard the story, finally finds Blaine, an old silver miner, who sets out to tell Twain and his friends the tale. Blaine starts out with the ram ("There never was a bullier old ram than what he was"), and goes on for four more unparagraphed pages.

Along the way, Blaine tells many stories, each of which connects back to the one before by some tenuous thread, and none of which has to do with the old ram. Among these stories are a tale of boiled missionaries; of a lady who borrows a false eye, a peg leg, and the wig of a coffin-salesman's wife; and a final tale of a man who gets caught in machinery at a carpet factory and whose "widder bought the piece of carpet that had his remains wove in ..." As Blaine tells the story of the carpet man's funeral, he begins to fall asleep, and Twain, looking around, sees his friends "suffocating with suppressed laughter." They now inform him that "at a certain stage of intoxication, no human power could keep [Blaine] from setting out, with impressive unction, to tell about a wonderful adventure which he had once had with his grandfather's old ram—and the mention of the ram in the first sentence was as far as any man had heard him get, concerning it."

Nikolai Gogol and the story of Captain Kopeikin

A lengthy shaggy-dog story (roughly 2,500 words in English translation) takes place in chapter 10 of Nikolai Gogol's novel Dead Souls, first published in 1842.[7] The novel's central character, Chichikov, arrives in a Russian town and begins purchasing deceased serfs ("souls") from the local landowners, thus relieving the landowners of a tax burden based on an infrequent census. As confusion and suspicion about Chichikov's motives spreads, local officials meet to try to discern Chichikov's background and purpose. At one point, the local postmaster interrupts: "He, gentlemen, my dear sir, is none other than Captain Kopeikin!" None of the others in the room are familiar with a Captain Kopeikin, and the postmaster begins to tell his story.

Captain Kopeikin was seriously wounded in battle abroad during military conflict with Napoleonic France in 1812. He was sent back to St. Petersburg due to the severity of his injuries, which include the loss of an arm and a leg. At the time, financial or other support was not readily provided to soldiers in such condition as a result of combat wounds, and Captain Kopeikin struggles to pay for room and board with his quickly depleted funds. As his situation becomes increasingly dire, Kopeikin takes it upon himself to confront the leader of "a kind of high commission, a board or whatever, you understand, and the head of it is general-in-chief so-and-so." It is understood that this senior military figure might have the means to assist Kopeikin or put in a word for a pension of some kind. This is followed by a lengthy summary of Kopeikin's meetings and repeated attempts to solicit help from this leader over a period of time. Eventually the postmaster states: "But forgive me, gentlemen, here begins the thread, one might say, the intrigue of the novel" and begins to introduce a band of robbers into the story.

At this point, a listener interrupts apologetically, "You yourself said that Captain Kopeikin was missing an arm and a leg, while Chichikov...." The postmaster suddenly slaps himself on the head and admits this inconsistency had not occurred to him at the start and "admitted that the saying 'Hindsight is the Russian man's forte', was perfectly correct."

Isaac Asimov and the story of the Shah Guido G.

In the collection of stories by Isaac Asimov titled Buy Jupiter and Other Stories is a story titled "Shah Guido G."[8] In his background notes, Asimov identifies the tale as a shaggy-dog story, and explains that the title is a play on "shaggy dog".

Examples in music

Other examples

  • Myles-na-gCopaleen, one of the pen-names of Flann O'Brien, was a master of long shaggy-dog stories, most commonly in his '''Various Lives of Keats and Chapman''' stories in his Irish Times column the ''Cruisceann Lawn''. Almost all the stories would have meandering, painful, often esoteric detail, leading to a meaningless ending to justify a dreadful yet amusing pun or spoonerism, the more excruciating the better. Indeed the name and characters of the column, based on the poets Keats and Chapman derive from the first such story where John Keats, in addition to his poetical gifts, is somehow reckoned an expert vet, to whom a prize homing pigeon belonging to George Chapman is brought, choking. Keats opens the bird's beak widely, stares down for some seconds, deftly removes a piece of stuck champagne cork from the bird's throat, and health is restored to Chapman's animal. Upon which happy event, Keats is moved to write his epic poem : "On First Looking into Chapman's Homer (homer being slang for Homing pigeon, as well as the name of the great Greek poet for whom Keats' poem was actually written).[13][14]
  • In the film Six of a Kind, Sheriff John Hoxley (played by W.C. Fields) explains how he came to be known as Honest John. The story itself is short for a shaggy-dog story, but it is padded by Fields's drunken and unsuccessful attempts to make a simple shot at pool. In the end, it turns out that the reason for the nickname is that he once returned a glass eye to its owner, who had left it behind.[15]
  • Comedians Buddy Hackett and Norm Macdonald were famous for telling shaggy-dog stories.[16]
  • In The Simpsons, the character Grampa Simpson frequently tells nonsensical shaggy-dog stories, often to the annoyance of other characters. In the season 4 episode "Last Exit to Springfield", Grampa tells Mr. Burns that he uses "stories that don't go anywhere" as a strike-breaking technique before launching into a rambling tale.[17]
  • In the novel V. by Thomas Pynchon, the main character Benny Profane recalls a shaggy-dog story about a boy who is born with a golden screw in his belly button, the only purpose of which turns out to be to hold the boy's bottom in place.[18]
  • Rolling Stone called The Illuminatus! Trilogy "The longest shaggy-dog joke in literary history..."[19]
  • In a Boy Scouts of America campfire story called "You're not a monk", a storyteller tells a 10-minute long story about a man who goes through a long series of trials to become a monk in hopes of gaining permission to learn a mysterious secret, and at the end, the storyteller refuses to tell the audience what the secret is because "you aren't a monk."[20]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Cohen, Ted (1999). Jokes. University of Chicago Press. p. 8. ISBN 0-226-11230-6.
  2. ↑ Jovial Bob Stine (1978). How to be funny: an extremely silly guidebook. Dutton. ISBN 0-525-32410-0.
  3. 1 2 Todd, Jane Marie (1992). "Balzac's Shaggy Dog Story". Comparative Literature. 44 (3): 268–279. doi:10.2307/1770857. ISSN 0010-4124. JSTOR 1770857.
  4. ↑ Feinberg, Leonard (1978). Secret of Humor. Rodopi. pp. 181–182. ISBN 90-6203-370-9.
  5. ↑ Quinion, Michael (19 June 1999). "Shaggy Dog Story". World Wide Words.
  6. ↑ Twain, Mark. "The Story of Grandfather's Old Ram". pbs.org. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
  7. ↑ Gogol, Nikolai (1842). Dead Souls (PDF). pp. 133–137. Retrieved 6 June 2019.
  8. ↑ Asimov, Isaac (1975). Buy Jupiter and other stories. New York, NY: Fawcett Crest. pp. 33–44.
  9. ↑ Berman, Eric. "Song Of The Day – "Alice's Restaurant Massacree" by Arlo Guthrie | Booth Reviews". Chicagonow.com. Retrieved 2 June 2014.
  10. ↑ stevenhartwriter (25 February 2008). "Blue Monday | STEVENHARTSITE". Stevenhartsite.wordpress.com. Retrieved 2 June 2014.
  11. ↑ Howell, Dave (28 January 2000). "Spotlight on "Weird Al" Yankovic He May Look More Normal, But Parodist is Still an Oddball at Heart". The Morning Call.
  12. ↑ jb (13 May 2006). "Still Another Great Moment in the History of Background Music". The Hits Just Keep On Comin'. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
  13. ↑ THE VARIOUS LIVES OF KEATS AND CHAPMAN (AND … | Kirkus Reviews.
  14. ↑ O'Neill, Jamie (22 November 2003). "Whims and shams, puns and flams". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 29 March 2023.
  15. ↑ "OLDIES". theoscentury.com. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
  16. ↑ "For Norm Macdonald, facts are just starting points for comedy - The Washington Post". The Washington Post.
  17. ↑ "Simpson Crazy, the ultimate Simpsons fan site — in association with Krusty Krowd Kontrol Barriers".
  18. ↑ Pynchon, Thomas (18 March 1963). V. J. B. Lippincott. ISBN 9780397003013.
  19. ↑ Shea, Robert (13 January 2010). The Illuminatus! Trilogy: The Eye in the Pyramid, The Golden Apple, Leviathan. Random House Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-307-56964-6.
  20. ↑ "You're Not a Monk Joke".

Further reading

  • Jan Harold Brunvand (January–March 1963). "A Classification for Shaggy Dog Stories". The Journal of American Folklore. American Folklore Society. 76 (299): 42–68. doi:10.2307/538078. JSTOR 538078.
  • Asimov, Isaac (1991). "Shaggy Dog". Isaac Asimov's Treasury of Humor: A Lifetime Collection of Favorite Jokes, Anecdotes, and... Houghton Mifflin Books. pp. 49–67. ISBN 0-395-57226-6.
  • Partridge, Eric (1931). "The Shaggy Dog Story". New Statesman. Statesman Pub. Co. p. 534.
  • Partridge, Eric (1953). The 'Shaggy Dog' Story: Its Origin, Development and Nature (with a few seemly examples). C.H. Drummond (illustrator). London: Faber & Faber.
  • Francis Lee Utley and Dudley Flamm (1969). "The Urban and the Rural Jest (With an Excursus on the Shaggy Dog)". Journal of Popular Culture. 2 (4): 563–577. doi:10.1111/j.0022-3840.1969.0204_563.x.
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