The Sheriff of Orkney and Shetland, also known as the Sheriff of Orkney and Zetland, was historically the royal official responsible for enforcing law and order in Orkney and Shetland, Scotland. The office was combined with the role in Shetland of the "foud" and the "foudry".[1] The foud was a bailiff who returned customs and rents due the crown, including butter and oil known as "fat goods".[2]

The sheriffdom of Orkney and Shetland was created in the 16th century upon the ceding of the islands to Scotland for non-payment of the dowry of Margaret's marriage to King James III of Scotland by King Christian I, King of Denmark, Norway and Sweden. Prior to 1748 most sheriffdoms were held on a hereditary basis. From that date, following the Jacobite uprising of 1745, the hereditary sheriffs were replaced by salaried sheriff-deputes, qualified advocates who were members of the Scottish Bar

The position was merged in 1870 with that of the Sheriff of Caithness to create the new position of Sheriff of Caithness, Orkney & Shetland.[3]

Old feudal duties to the Scottish crown

The sheriffs of Orkney and Shetland were involved in collecting rents to the Scottish crown and teinds based on agricultural produce.[4] The rents were known as "land maill" and "wadmell", a measure of cloth. Shetland rents were recorded in a document known as the "Skat of Yetland".[5] Dairy produce, known as "fat goods", was measured in "lipsunds". The value of the produce was exchanged for Scottish money in coin, called "white silver", first using a traditional reckoning in a local "coinless currency" including the "yopindal".[6] The rates of exchange could cause controversy. In 1569, Robert Stewart, 1st Earl of Orkney, wrote about his Shetland rents:

the charter which I have caused make of the lands of Yetland, for the land maillis of Yetland are counted in shillings, pennies, and pounds of butter and wadmell, and a shilling of butter in account of land maillis is 2 lipsund butter in payment, and a shilling of wadmell is 6 cuttall wadmell[7]

Sheriffs of Orkney and Shetland

James Allan Maconochie
Sheriffs-Depute

See also

References

  1. ↑ John H. Ballentyne & Brian Smith, Shetland Documents, 1195-1579 (Lerwick, 1999), p. 307.
  2. ↑ Gordon Donaldson, Register of the Privy Seal of Scotland, 5:2 (Edinburgh, 1957), pp. 186-7 no. 3014.
  3. ↑ "No. 8087". The Edinburgh Gazette. 23 August 1870. p. 1001.
  4. ↑ Gilbert Goudie, 'Fouds, Lawightmen, and Ranselmen of Shetland', PSAS, 26 (March 1892) p. 191
  5. ↑ John H. Ballantyne & Brian Smith, Shetland Documents, 1195–1579 (Lerwick, 1999), pp. 251–269.
  6. ↑ Peter Anderson & John Ballantyne, Personal Correspondence of Sir John Bellenden of Auchnoul (Edinburgh: Scottish History Society, 2023), p. 23.
  7. ↑ Peter Anderson & John Ballantyne, Personal Correspondence of Sir John Bellenden of Auchnoul (Edinburgh: Scottish History Society, 2023), pp. 37, 99–100, modernised here.
  8. ↑ Peter Anderson & John Ballantyne, Personal Correspondence of Sir John Bellenden of Auchnoul (Edinburgh: Scottish History Society, 2023), p. 4.
  9. ↑ Gordon Donaldson, Register of the Privy Seal of Scotland, 5:2 (Edinburgh, 1957), p. 16 no. 2529.
  10. ↑ Peter Anderson & John Ballantyne, Personal Correspondence of Sir John Bellenden of Auchnoull (Edinburgh: Scottish History Society, 2023), p. 11.
  11. ↑ Brunton, George. An Historical Account of the Senators of the College of Justice. p. 548.
  12. ↑ "Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002" (PDF). Royal Society of Edinburgh. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
  13. ↑ Parliament, Great Britain. The Parliamentary Register. p. 539.
  14. ↑ The Scots Magazine and Edinburgh Literary Miscellany, Volume 71. p. 476.
  15. ↑ Accounts and Papers, Finance, Banks. Offices. Vol. XIII. p. 71.
  16. ↑ "Moray Register" (PDF). Retrieved 10 April 2018.
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