| Kohistani Shina | |
|---|---|
| Kohistani, Kohistyo, Palasi-Kohistani | |
| ݜݨیاٗ کستٓین٘و جلکوٹ جپ | |
 | |
| Native to | Pakistan |
| Region | Kohistan (Kolai-Palas jalkot ) |
| Ethnicity | Kolai |
Native speakers | 458,000 (2018)[1] |
| Dialects | |
| Perso-Arabic script (Nastaliq) | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | plk |
| Glottolog | kohi1248 |
Kohistani Shina is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the former Kohistan District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, northern Pakistan. According to Ethnologue, Kohistani Shina is mutually intelligible with the Shina variety of Chilas, but not with the standard dialect of Gilgit.[1] Bateri and Kalkoti speakers speak Kohistani Shina as a second language.[3] Indus Kohistani loanwords can be found in the language. A grammar and a dictionary of the language have been published.[4][5][6]
Alphabet
Here is the alphabet for Kohistani Shina compiled by Razwal Kohistani in 2020.[7]
| Letter | Name of Letter | Transcription | IPA |
|---|---|---|---|
| ا | alif | a | /a/ |
| ب | be | b | /b/ |
| پ | pe | p | /p/ |
| ت | te | t | /t/ |
| ٹ | ṭe | ṭ | /ʈ/ |
| ث | se | (s) | /s/ |
| ج | jīm | j | /d͡ʒ/ |
| چ | če | č | /t͡ʃ/ |
| ڇ | ċe | ċ | /ʈ͡ʂ/ |
| څ | ce | c | /t͡s/ |
| ح | he | (h) | /h/ |
| خ | xe | x | /x/ |
| د | dāl | d | /d/ |
| ڈ | ḍāl | ḍ | /ɖ/ |
| ذ | zāl | (z) | /z/ |
| ر | re | r | /r/ |
| ڑ | ṛe | ṛ | /ɽ/ |
| ز | ze | z | /z/ |
| ژ | že | ž | /ʒ/ |
| ڙ | że | ż | /ʐ/ |
| س | sīn | s | /s/ |
| ش | šīn | š | /ʃ/ |
| ݜ | ṣīn | ṣ | /ʂ/ |
| ص | swād | (s) | /s/ |
| ض | zwād | (z) | /z/ |
| ط | to'e | (t) | /t/ |
| ظ | zo'e | (z) | /z/ |
| ع | ‘ayn | ʿ | /ʔ/ |
| غ | ǧayn | ǧ | /ɣ/ |
| ف | fe | f | /f/ |
| ڦ | ve | v | /v/ |
| ق | qāf | q | /q/ |
| ک | kāf | k | /k/ |
| گ | gāf | g | /g/ |
| ڱ | ñāf | ñ | /ŋ/ |
| ل | lām | l | /l/ |
| م | mīm | m | /m/ |
| ن | nūn | n | /n/ |
| ݨ | ṇūn | ṇ | /ɳ/ |
| ں | ˜ | ˜ | /˜/ |
| و | waw | w | /w/ |
| ہ | he | h | /h/ |
| ھ | _he | _h | /ʰ/ |
| ء | hamza | ʿ | /ʔ/ |
| ی | ye | y | /j/, /i/ |
| ے | ye | e, ē | /e/, /ɛ/ |
References
- 1 2 "Shina,jalkutia Kohistani".
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (2023-07-10). "Glottolog 4.8 - Kohistanic Shina". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. doi:10.5281/zenodo.7398962. Archived from the original on 2023-11-06. Retrieved 2023-11-05.
- ↑ Liljegren, Henrik (2013). "Notes on Kalkoti: A Shina Language with Strong Kohistani Influences". Linguistic Discovery. 11. doi:10.1349/PS1.1537-0852.A.423.
- ↑ Schmidt, Ruth Laila; Kohistani, Razval; Zarin, Mohammad Manzar (2008). A Grammar of the Shina Language of Indus Kohistan. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 264. ISBN 9783447056762.
- ↑ "Kohistani Shina Qaida". 26 October 2018.
- ↑ "Kohistani Shina-Urdu dictionary published". 22 October 2021.
- ↑ Kohistani, Razval (2020-09-21). "Complete Shina Kohistani Qaida By Razwal Kohistani" (in Urdu) (2nd).
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