The National Day Rally (Malay: Rapat Umum Hari Kebangsaan; Chinese: 国庆群众大会; pinyin: Guóqìng Qúnzhòng Dàhuì; Tamil: தேசிய தின பேரணி) is an annual message delivered by the Prime Minister of Singapore to the entire nation, on the first or second Sunday after the National Day Parade on 9 August.[1] Started in 1966, the national day rally is Singapore's equivalent of the President of the United States’s State of the Union address. The prime minister uses the rally to review the country’s status, its key challenges, as well as to set the country's direction, major policy changes, the economy, future plans and achievements. Also, the prime minister only does the rally speech In English, Chinese and Malay, not in Tamil.[2]

History

The rally began in 1966 as a "private meeting" between the prime minister and grassroots leaders.[3] The transcript was released to the media only two weeks later.[3]

Only in 1971 did first Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew decide "at the last minute" to televise the speech, which has since been annually broadcast live.[1]

The first rally in 1966 was held on the eve of National Day. Since 1967, the rally has been held at least a week after National Day.

The rally was delivered at the former National Theatre between 1966 and 1983. With the theatre's closure and demolition in 1984, the rally was held at the Singapore Conference Hall for two years before being shifted to Kallang Theatre between 1986 and 2000. In 2001, the rally moved to the University Cultural Centre at the National University of Singapore. Since 2013, third and current Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong has held his rally at the ITE Headquarters and ITE College Central,[4] with the exception in 2021, when the Rally was held in Mediacorp campus.

1966 National Day Rally

The first National Day Rally was held on 8 August 1966 at the National Theatre. A closed-door event before National Day, Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew told grassroots leaders, "Every year, on this 9th August for many years ahead—how many, I do not know—we will dedicate ourselves anew to consolidate ourselves to survive; and, most important of all, to find an enduring future for what we have built and what our forebears will build up".[1]

1971 National Day Rally

The 1971 rally was the first to be televised, at Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew's "last minute" decision. Since then, the rally has become "a fixture on the political calendar".[1]

Lee delivered his "cautiously optimistic" speech "off the cuff", remarking, "You have done well—six superb years, a magnificent performance against all the odds, so much so that everybody says, 'But, of course, everybody knows that Singapore is a very well-endowed place... Oh, just natural course of events.' It wasn't, you know. We made it so..."[1]

1981 National Day Rally

The 1981 rally marked the first time where Cabinet ministers delivered their speeches.[5]

1983 National Day Rally

At the 1983 rally, Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew "trotted out facts and figures to show that the more highly educated a woman was, the less likely she was to reproduce", before concluding, "[W]e are really discarding our able parents in the next generation and doubling the less able". The resulting controversy eroded electoral support for his People's Action Party for several years to come.[1]

1988 National Day Rally

In 1988, Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew delivered "one of his most quoted lines": "And even from my sick bed, even if you are going to lower me into the grave, and I feel that something is going wrong, I'll get up."[1]

1991 National Day Rally

In 1991, second Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong delivered his maiden speech at the National Day Rally. He "spoke with a self-deprecating humour that heralded a new, gentler style of governance", which he underscored by remarking, "I am not going to follow [Lee Kuan Yew's] act. I am going to walk my own way."[1]

2002 National Day Rally

At the 2002 rally, Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong remarked, "Fair-weather Singaporeans will run away whenever the country runs into stormy weather. I call them 'quitters'. Fortunately, 'quitters' are in the minority. The majority of Singaporeans are 'stayers'... As we say in Hokkien, 'pah see buay zao'." His labels generated "much discussion".[1]

2004 National Day Rally

In 2004, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong made his maiden address at the National Day Rally. However, rather than deliver a "cautious speech", he "surprised many by slaughtering a few sacred cows". He promoted a new "teach less, learn more" education policy, introduced a shortened five-day work week for the Civil Service, and most controversially, mooted the idea of casinos in Singapore.[1] In 1970, Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew's response to casinos in Singapore had been "no, not over my dead body", though the elder Lee had since changed his mind.[6]

2005 National Day Rally

In 2005, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong adopted the current format of delivering his Malay and Chinese remarks at 6:45pm, with a break at 7:30pm, before commencing his English address at 8:00pm. Prior to 2005, the rally was a continuous speech from 8:00pm.

2007 National Day Rally

In 2007, opposition and Nominated Members of Parliament were invited to the National Day Rally for the first time.[7]

2008 National Day Rally

In 2008, the English language telecast of the rally, initially scheduled for live broadcast at 8:00pm on 17 August, was postponed to the next day. The move was to allow Singaporeans to watch Singapore take on China in the women's table tennis finals at the Beijing Olympics. The rally itself proceeded as usual at the University Cultural Centre, but was only broadcast the next day.[8]

2009 National Day Rally

In 2009, Singaporeans used the Twitter hashtag #ndrsg to tweet about the rally.

2010 National Day Rally

The 2010 rally was held on the last Sunday of August to avoid clashing with the Youth Olympic Games earlier that month.

2012 National Day Rally

The 2012 rally marked the second time where Cabinet ministers delivered their speeches at 6:45pm, before the prime minister's remarks at 8:00pm. It was also the first to feature sign-language translation in real time.[1] It was held on the last Sunday of August to facilitate Ramadan festivities.

2013 National Day Rally

The 2013 rally was the first to be held at the ITE Headquarters and ITE College Central after nine years at the National University of Singapore's University Cultural Centre.[1] Lee said the move was "for a serious purpose - to underscore my longstanding commitment to investing in…every Singaporean".[9]

2015 National Day Rally

In his 2015 speech, "set within the context of... an impending general election", Lee Hsien Loong "asked for a strong mandate" without being "baldly partisan". Lee also mentioned two ministers, Vivian Balakrishnan and Lim Swee Say, who would respectively be standing in Holland–Bukit Timah GRC and East Coast GRC, the two most contested PAP-held constituencies.[10]

2016 National Day Rally

An hour and 20 minutes into his English remarks at the 2016 rally, Lee Hsien Loong suddenly took ill at 9:20pm. Half an hour later, Deputy Prime Minister Teo Chee Hean announced that Lee would resume his speech. The Prime Minister's Office (PMO) also said that Lee had felt "unsteady because of prolonged standing, heat and dehydration", adding, "His heart is fine and he did not have a stroke." At 10:40pm, he returned to speak for another 15 minutes. By then, he looked well and thanked the audience for waiting for him, who gave him a standing ovation.[11]

2017 National Day Rally

The 2017 rally was held on 20 August 2017 at ITE Headquarters and ITE College Central. Lee's speech mainly focused on the obstacles which Singapore was currently facing, namely Diabetes, Pre-school and Technology.[12]

2018 National Day Rally

The 2018 rally was held at the ITE Headquarters and ITE College Central on 19 August 2018,[13] with the rally focused on trending issues such as housing, healthcare and cost of living. Prime Minister Lee introduced, among other policies, the Merdeka Generation Package—a spin-off from the Pioneer Generation Package, the Voluntary Early Redevelopment Scheme and a revamped Home Improvement Programme. He also announced that Singapore would be seeking a second inscription on UNESCO's World Heritage List of her hawker culture, and that Senior Minister of State and Mayor Maliki Osman would be leading an improvement project for Geylang Serai.[14]

2019 National Day Rally

The 2019 rally was held on 18 August 2019 at ITE Headquarters and ITE College Central.[15] In his speech he highlighted education bursaries and subsidies,[16] along with the mention of successful bursary holders who were invited along,[17] Pulau Brani's redevelopment plan as "Downtown South",[18] the ongoing China–United States trade war,[19] and how Singapore was involved in,[20] climate change;[21] its seriousness and their measures,[22] and changes to the re-employment and retirement ages which will take effect by 2022.[23] Lee also announced that SG Bicentennial Experience, an exhibit held at Fort Canning in commemoration of the bicentennial anniversary of modern foundation of Singapore[24] was extended from mid-September to 31 December due to overwhelming responses and success.[25]

2020 National Day Rally

The 2020 rally was not held due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Instead, Prime Minister Lee delivered a speech in Parliament on 2 September.[26]

2021 National Day Rally

The 2021 rally was held at the Mediacorp campus on 29 August 2021.[27] Originally scheduled for 22 August 2021,[28] the rally was postponed due to the introduction of Phase 2 (Heightened Alert) measures to cope with an increase in COVID-19 community cases. In his speech he highlighted several employment measures, including Workfare enhancements like more top-ups to $1.1 billion in two years and lowering the age criteria to those 30 years old compared to 35 years old now, expanding Progressive Wage Model to more sectors such as the retail, food and waste management sectors, as well as general careers like administrative assistants and drivers, a local qualifying salary and a PW Mark to acknowledge companies which pay workers fairly, studying concerns of delivery riders, controls on S-Passes and Employment Passes, legislating TAFEP guidelines and a tribunal for workplace disputes.[29][30][31][32][33][34] He also highlighted measures on racial issues; like a proposed Maintenance of Racial Harmony Act to consolidate existing laws and put softer approaches, and allowing tudungs in public healthcare settings from November 2021 especially for nurses.[35][36][37][38][39]

2022 National Day Rally

The 2022 rally was held on 21 August 2022, returning to ITE Headquarters and ITE College Central after three years. On his speech, Lee announced special awards for frontliners who help fought COVID-19, being the COVID-19 Resilience Medal and state awards that indicate the special circumstance of COVID, along with impending relaxations of indoor masking for most areas except on public transport and in healthcare facilities. Lee also announced the impending repeal of Section 377A of the Penal Code while protecting the definition of marriages from future legal challenges by spelling out Parliament's right to do so in the Constitution. Existing policies on media standards—particularly in films and advertising, education, public housing and adoption rules will remain unchanged. Other policies announced include future schemes to attract talent to Singapore, along with infrastructural enhancements to Singapore. They are Tuas Port; which will run in an automated and digitalised manner, Changi Airport Terminal 5; which will go ahead with measures to boost resilience during pandemics and make the building more environmentally-friendly, building 150,000 housing units at the current Paya Lebar Air Base area and future plans from "Long Term Plan Review" by the Urban Redevelopment Authority.

2023 National Day Rally

The 2023 rally was held on 20 August 2023 at ITE Headquarters and ITE College Central.[40]

Format

Broadcast

The programme used to be aired as a single slot programme from 8 pm onwards. Since 2005, the rally is usually broadcast live from 6.45pm till 10pm (SST), with a break between 7:30 and 8 pm (the break was extended to 8.15 pm from 2017 onwards), across Mediacorp channels.[41] However, most English rallies were over-run and most programmes on Mediacorp had postponed to the following week but some programmes were shown immediately after the English rally. Most programmes on MediaCorp would resume earlier at 9:30pm or later at 11:00pm if the rally over-ran the scheduled time.

Platform/Language English
Dubbing in English		 Mandarin
Dubbing in Mandarin		 Malay
Dubbing in Malay		 Dubbing in Tamil
TV Channel 5
CNA (8pm-10pm)		 Channel 8
Channel U		 Suria Vasantham
Radio CNA938 Capital 95.8FM Warna 94.2FM Oli 96.8FM
Online CNA Live
meWATCH		 meWATCH (Chinese) - -

From 2001 to 2004, the rally was also broadcast on the now-defunct SPH MediaWorks' channels, and from 2009 to 2018 (except for 2016) on Mediacorp Okto.

Transcripts

Transcripts of the rally speech are usually available for viewing after the event at Mediacorp news portals, Singapore Press Holdings news portals, the website of the Prime Minister's Office and the online press centre of the Government of Singapore. Highlights of the speeches will usually be reported by Singapore newspapers in the following days.

List of rallies

YearDateVenueSpeakerTranscript
19668 August 1966 (Monday)National TheatreLee Kuan Yew
196716 August 1967 (Wednesday)
196816 August 1968 (Friday)
196916 August 1969 (Saturday)
197016 August 1970 (Sunday)
197115 August 1971 (Sunday)
197213 August 1972 (Sunday)
197326 August 1973 (Sunday)
197418 August 1974 (Sunday)
197517 August 1975 (Sunday)
197615 August 1976 (Sunday)
197714 August 1977 (Sunday)
197813 August 1978 (Sunday)
197919 August 1979 (Sunday)
198017 August 1980 (Sunday)
198116 August 1981 (Sunday)
198215 August 1982 (Sunday)
198314 August 1983 (Sunday)
198419 August 1984 (Sunday)Singapore Conference Hall
198518 August 1985 (Sunday)
198617 August 1986 (Sunday)Kallang Theatre
198716 August 1987 (Sunday)
198814 August 1988 (Sunday)
198920 August 1989 (Sunday)
199026 August 1990 (Sunday)
199111 August 1991 (Sunday)Goh Chok TongEnglish
199216 August 1992 (Sunday)English
199315 August 1993 (Sunday)English
199421 August 1994 (Sunday)English
199520 August 1995 (Sunday)English
199618 August 1996 (Sunday)English
199724 August 1997 (Sunday)English
199823 August 1998 (Sunday)English
199922 August 1999 (Sunday)English
200020 August 2000 (Sunday)English
200119 August 2001 (Sunday)University Cultural CentreEnglish
200218 August 2002 (Sunday)English
200317 August 2003 (Sunday)English
200422 August 2004 (Sunday)Lee Hsien LoongEnglish
200521 August 2005 (Sunday)English
200620 August 2006 (Sunday)English
200719 August 2007 (Sunday)Malay · Chinese · English
200817 August 2008 (Sunday)English
200916 August 2009 (Sunday)English
201029 August 2010 (Sunday)English
201114 August 2011 (Sunday)English
201226 August 2012 (Sunday)English
201318 August 2013 (Sunday)ITE College CentralEnglish
201417 August 2014 (Sunday)Malay · Chinese · English
201523 August 2015 (Sunday)Malay · Chinese · English
201621 August 2016 (Sunday)Malay · Chinese · English (part 1 · part 2)
201720 August 2017 (Sunday)Malay · Chinese · English
201819 August 2018 (Sunday)Malay · Chinese · English
201918 August 2019 (Sunday)Malay · Chinese · English
2020Cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic
202129 August 2021 (Sunday)Mediacorp CampusLee Hsien LoongMalay · Chinese · English
202221 August 2022 (Sunday)ITE College CentralMalay · Chinese · English
202320 August 2023 (Sunday)

Response

An article titled "Singapore's National Day Rally Speech: A Site of Ideological Negotiation" analyses the inaugural National Day Rally speeches of three Singapore prime ministers. It locates these speeches in the continuous ideological work that the PAP government has to do to maintain consensus and forge new alliances among classes and social forces that are being transformed by globalisation. Increasingly, these speeches have had to deal with the contradictions between nation-building and the tensions between the liberal and reactionary tendencies of the global city.[42]

According to Kenneth Paul Tan of the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, he stated that "the rally speech has also been a part of larger celebrations surrounding the commemoration of Singapore's independence gained on 9th August 1965. These celebrations have come to include a short and formal televised National Day message from the prime minister, observance ceremonies held at organisations in the public and private sectors, constituency dinners and ministerial speeches, regularly televised music videos of patriotic songs composed for the celebrations, and—most spectacular of all—a National Day parade that since the mid-1980s has included not only a traditional ceremonial segment, but also high-tech mass performances and re-enactments of the official "Singapore Story" that end on a climax of fireworks".[43] He added that "Clearly the symbolic and formal aspects of the speech are just as important as its contents, taking Singaporeans collectively to an emotional high. This is especially so during general election years, when the prime minister announces the PAP's "report card" of achievements in government as well as the distribution of election "goodies" to the Singaporean masses—the lower income voters in particular—as a way of reinforcing the image of government as benevolent provider".[42]

As an annual injection of patriotism, the National Day celebrations help to inoculate Singaporeans against the disenchantment that accompanies advanced industrial societies, whether they are formally classified as capitalist or socialist, democratic or authoritarian. Singaporeans are reminded every year of the PAP's pioneer leaders—Lee Kuan Yew and his "lieutenants".[44][45]

The PAP knows that its authority will be secure as long as it remains able to make Singaporeans believe that it can continue to deliver material prosperity and security for all, regardless of race. Therefore, the PAP has had to reassert its relevance constantly by insisting on Singapore's fundamentally vulnerable nature and condition, an insistence that has sustained a culture of fear and arrested the risky global environment, the PAP also knows that the transactional basis on which its authority is built has become fragile and therefore needs to be strengthened by moral authority.[46]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Chew, Hui Min (20 August 2016). "From babies to casinos: 11 memorable National Day Rally speeches". The Straits Times.
  2. ↑ Tan, Kenneth Paul (1 August 2007). "Singapore's National Day Rally speech: A site of ideological negotiation". Journal of Contemporary Asia. 37 (3): 293–294. doi:10.1080/00472330701408635. ISSN 0047-2336. S2CID 145405958.
  3. 1 2 "PM caps 25-year tradition of talking to Singaporeans". The Straits Times. 26 August 1990. p. 2 – via NewspaperSG.
  4. ↑ "PM Lee to deliver National Day Rally speech at ITE Headquarters and College Central". Channel NewsAsia. Retrieved 26 June 2013.
  5. ↑ "National Day Rally - Speeches By Dr Tony Tan, Lim Chee Onn, Goh Chok Tong And Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew".
  6. ↑ "His decades in Parliament". The New Paper. 27 March 2015.
  7. ↑ Chong, Zi Liang (24 August 2015). "Opposition parties hold outreach events". The Straits Times. Singapore.
  8. ↑ "Broadcast of National Day Rally English speech postponed to Monday". Channel NewsAsia. 16 August 2007.
  9. ↑ "Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong's National Day Rally 2013 (English)". Prime Minister's Office. 24 December 2018.
  10. ↑ Koh, Gillian (24 August 2015). "[The Angle] The Politics of the NDR 2015 Speech". Institute of Policy Studies.
  11. ↑ hermes (21 August 2016). "Anxiety, then relief, as PM Lee Hsien Loong completes rally after taking ill". Retrieved 22 August 2016.
  12. ↑ "National Day Rally 2017: Six key takeaways".
  13. ↑ hermesauto (19 March 2018). "National Day Rally 2018 to be held on Aug 19". The Straits Times.
  14. ↑ "National Day Rally 2018: The 8 things you need to know". CNA.
  15. ↑ "Highlights: National Day Rally 2019".
  16. ↑ "Lower fees at SIT, SUSS and higher varsity, polytechnic grants from next academic year". TODAY.
  17. ↑ "Govt to beef up preschool subsidies for middle-income families from 2020". TODAY.
  18. ↑ "Pulau Brani to house NTUC's 'Downtown South', attractions akin to Universal Studios Singapore". TODAY.
  19. ↑ "Ongoing trade war could have deep impact on Singapore and its telecoms system, says PM Lee". TODAY.
  20. ↑ "No need for economic stimulus measures yet, but Govt ready to respond if situation gets 'much worse': PM Lee". TODAY.
  21. ↑ "Explainer: Why climate change should matter to Singaporeans and what the Govt is doing about it". TODAY.
  22. ↑ "It will cost S$100b or more over next 50 to 100 years to protect Singapore against rising sea levels: PM Lee". TODAY.
  23. ↑ "Retirement and re-employment ages to be raised by 3 years, CPF contribution rates for older workers to go up". TODAY.
  24. ↑ "The Singapore Bicentennial Official Site".
  25. ↑ "NDR 2019: Bicentennial Experience to stay open for an extra 3 months in response to many requests".
  26. ↑ "PM Lee to deliver speech on S'pore's response to Covid-19 in Parliament at 3.30pm on Wednesday". The Straits Times. 2 September 2020. Retrieved 2 September 2020.
  27. ↑ "National Day Rally postponed to Aug 29". CNA. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
  28. ↑ "PM Lee Hsien Loong to deliver National Day Rally speech on Aug 22". The Straits Times. 2 July 2021. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
  29. ↑ Ang, Hwee Min (29 August 2021). "NDR 2021: Progressive wages to be extended to more sectors as part of move to uplift lower-wage workers". CNA. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
  30. ↑ Choo, Yun Ting (29 August 2021). "NDR 2021: Firms hiring foreigners to pay all locals at least $1,400; progressive wages for retail, more sectors". The Straits Times. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
  31. ↑ Tham, Yuen-C (29 August 2021). "NDR 2021: MOM looking into issue of work benefits and welfare needs of delivery workers". The Straits Times. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
  32. ↑ Abu Baker, Jalelah (29 August 2021). "NDR 2021: Singapore to enshrine into law workplace anti-discrimination guidelines". CNA. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
  33. ↑ Lim, Min Zhang (29 August 2021). "NDR 2021: Fair employment guidelines to become law, new tribunal to deal with workplace discrimination". The Straits Times. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
  34. ↑ Ho, Grace (29 August 2021). "NDR 2021: EP, S Pass criteria to tighten over time; foreigners must accept ethos, norms of S'pore society". The Straits Times. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
  35. ↑ Mahmud, Aqil Haziq (29 August 2021). "NDR 2021: New racial harmony law planned, offenders can be ordered to learn about another race, says PM Lee". CNA. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
  36. ↑ Lai, Linette (29 August 2021). "NDR 2021: New law to deal with racial offences, promote harmony through softer approach". The Straits Times. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
  37. ↑ "Female Muslim Staff In Public Healthcare Sector May Wear The Tudung With Their Uniforms". MOH. 29 August 2021. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
  38. ↑ Ang, Hwee Min (29 August 2021). "NDR 2021: Nurses in public healthcare sector will be allowed to wear a tudung with uniforms from November". CNA. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
  39. ↑ Baharudin, Hariz (29 August 2021). "National Day Rally 2021: Muslim nurses in public healthcare allowed to wear tudung from November; policy will apply to 7,000 staff". The Straits Times. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
  40. ↑ "National Day Rally 2023 (Pre-event press release)". Prime Minister's Office Singapore. Government of Singapore. 13 June 2023.
  41. ↑ "MediaCorp to broadcast PM Lee's Nat'l Day Rally Speech "live" Sunday". Channel NewsAsia. Retrieved 14 August 2008.
  42. 1 2 Tan, Kenneth Paul (August 2007). "Singapore's National Day Rally speech: A site of ideological negotiation". Journal of Contemporary Asia. 37 (3): 292–308. doi:10.1080/00472330701408635. S2CID 145405958. Also available online.
  43. ↑ Kong, Lily; Yeoh, Brenda S.A. (March 1997). "The construction of national identity through the production of ritual and spectacle". Political Geography. 16 (3): 213–239. doi:10.1016/0962-6298(95)00135-2. S2CID 141041317.
  44. ↑ Er, Lam Peng; Tan, Kevin Yl, eds. (2000). Lee's lieutenants: Singapore's old guard. St. Leonards, NSW.: Allen & Unwin. ISBN 9781864486391.
  45. ↑ Loh, Kah Seng (May 2011). "'No more road to walk': cultures of heritage and leprosariums in Singapore and Malaysia". International Journal of Heritage Studies. 17 (3): 230–244. doi:10.1080/13527258.2011.556660. S2CID 143987366.
  46. ↑ Burns, James MacGregor (2010). Leadership. Harper Perennial Political Classics Series (1st ed.). New York: HarperPerennial. ISBN 9780061965579.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.