Sir Brodrick Cecil Denham Arkwright Hartwell, 4th Baronet (1876-1948), was a British Army officer who served during the Second Boer War and World War I. In the 1920s he operated a much publicised off-shore business exporting alcoholic spirits to the United States during prohibition.

Background

Born near Taunton, Somerset,[1] Hartwell was the only son of Royal Naval officer Edward Hughes Brodrick Hartwell, who in 1878 became the inspector-general of police in Jamaica[2] and was later the British Consul in Naples, Italy,[3] and Augusta Henrietta, daughter of police magistrate Stewart Henry Paget, grandson of Henry Paget, 1st Earl of Uxbridge and John Fane, 10th Earl of Westmorland. Augusta's mother, Charlotte, was daughter of the politician Sir Robert Williams, 9th Baronet.[4][5] Hartwell’s mother died in Jamaica in 1883 and his father died in 1895 having remarried in 1885 to Ella (Isabella) Miller. Hartwell became the 4th Baronet in September 1900 when his uncle, Sir Francis Houlton Hartwell, 3rd Bt., died.[6]

Army career

At the outbreak of the Boer War, Hartwell was involved with tea planting in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka).[7] He became a non-commissioned officer with the rank of lance corporal in the Ceylon Mounted Infantry and his contingent was sent to South Africa where they joined Lord Roberts during his advance on Bloemfontein.[8] Records indicate that Hartwell was awarded the Queen's South Africa Medal with clasp for campaign at Driefontein (10 March 1900) and the Cape Colony clasp.[9] In August 1900 The London Gazette published the transfer of Lance - Corporal Brodrick Cecil Denham Arkwright Hartwell, from Ceylon Mounted Infantry, to The Leicestershire Regiment, Supernumerary to the establishment.[10] He was promoted to lieutenant on 26 April 1902,[11] shortly before the end of the war in South Africa. In 1906 Lieutenant Hartwell resigned his commission with The Leicestershire Regiment.[12]

During WW1 Hartwell was on the military General List and was assigned first to the Leicestershire Regiment as temporary captain, then to the Northumberland Fusiliers as temporary major.[13] He saw service in the Gallipoli Campaign and later became a Lieutenant-Colonel with the 1st Garrison Battalion, Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry assigned to the British Convalescent Section, Dagshai, India.[14] He was stationed there with his family; his daughter, Kathleen Edith Doreen Augusta (Hartwell) Hicks-Beach, was born there in June 1918.[15][16]

Marriage and divorce

In 1902 Hartwell married Georgette Madeleine, daughter of George Pilon-Fleury of Algiers and they had one child, daughter Leila Ruth Madeleine Hartwell.[17] The couple divorced in 1907 and the circumstances were made public in newspaper reports in many countries round the world. Hartwell had eloped to Australia with Mrs Joan Amy (Jeffrey) Chamberlain in 1906; she was the wife of Royal Navy engineering officer Edgar Warner Chamberlain. Whilst in Australia the couple, acting as husband and wife, fitted out a schooner and went hunting for salvage in the sunken liner Ramsay lost on the Elizabeth Reef or Middleton Reef. During the voyage they rescued the stranded crew of the barque Annasona and took them to Norfolk Island.[18] Divorce proceedings against the couple took place in England and letters were produced in court from them both admitting their guilt.[19][20] Hartwell and Mrs Chamberlain, who was Scottish born but grew up in Canada,[21] eventually married and had two children, one of whom, Brodrick William Charles Elwin Hartwell, became the 5th Bart. There was also a child from the marriage of Edgar and Joan Chamberlain - Phoebe Joan Mary Jeffrey Chamberlain - who, in the 1911 census, was living with the Hartwells. Edgar Warner Chamberlain became a member of the crew of HMS Bulwark and was killed in November 1914 when the ship exploded with the loss of 736 men.[22]

"Rum-running" and bankruptcy

Nahma, later Istar

Hartwell became involved with various business enterprises after his return from Australia. He was director of companies that included Atlantic Oil and Rubber Trust Ltd., Gold Coast Rubber and Mahogany Estates Ltd., and chairman of Consolidated Oil Fields of South Africa Ltd. and the Premier Motor Bus Company Ltd. However, by 1913 he was declared bankrupt blaming outstanding remunerations and the disappearance of a colleague who was a fund holder.[23] In a 1915 court case relating to failed national sweepstakes, his name was linked with that of Horatio Bottomley, publisher of the magazine John Bull who was later jailed for fraud. Hartwell was not able to attend the hearing as he was with the British Army in the Dardanelles.[24][25][26]

Sir Brodrick Hartwell's personalised whisky label

In 1923 Hartwell sent out circulars offering a return of 20% for a 60-day investment in off-shore whisky sales. This referred to the illicit sale of alcohol to the USA during the Prohibition Years. [27] The scheme involved Hartwell buying consignments of whisky and transporting these across the Atlantic where they were to be sold off-shore to dealers who operated from smaller boats. Hartwell used the ocean going steam yacht Istar, formerly named Nahma, a luxury 300ft vessel originally built for the New York property millionaire, Robert Walton Goelet and used by the US Navy during WW1. [28] Later under examination Hartwell said that he had made seven voyages, but the last one was a total loss, the cargo having been partly confiscated by prohibition officers and some taken by bootleggers who had not paid.[29][30] In consequence, Hartwell was again bankrupt, to the extent of £250,000.[30][31]

Bottle of Sir Brodrick Hartwell's whisky sold to USA bootleggers during prohibition years

Hartwell had been very open about his business, giving newspaper interviews and even having a personalised label put on the whisky bottles.[32] This publicity came to the attention of some members of the British Parliament who raised the matter with the then Prime Minister, Ramsay MacDonald, who described Hartwell's operation as a "disgraceful blot".[33] One irony was that the sister ship of the whisky smuggling yacht Istar was the US Presidential Yacht Mayflower, having been built at the same time and the same yard for Robert Goelet's brother Ogden.[34]

The yacht Istar was not register with Hartwell at Lloyd's, but with Lt. Col. George Ernest Millner (1884-1949), an ex-soldier who had fought almost continuously in France from 1914 to 1918. He was awarded the Military Cross and Distinguished Service Order plus some years later, the Order of the British Empire.[35][36]

Hartwell died in his London home on 24 November 1948.[37] His wife, Joan, Lady Hartwell, died on 12 May 1962.[38]

References

  1. ↑ "Broderick Cecil D A Hartwell, 1876; from "England & Wales Births, 1837-2006,"; Birth Registration, Taunton, Somerset, England; General Register Office, Southport, England". Family Search. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
  2. ↑ "Naval & Military Gazette". Naval & Military Gazette and Weekly Chronicle of the United Service - Page 12. 28 August 1878.
  3. ↑ "Foreign Office April 1, 1889". The London Gazette (25931): 2502. 7 May 1889. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
  4. ↑ Burke's Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage, 107th edition, 2003, Burke's Peerage Ltd, vol. 3, p. 4184
  5. ↑ Burke's Peerage 106th ed., 1999, vol. 1, p. 73
  6. ↑ Editor in Chief Charles Mosley (1999). Burkes Peerage and Baronetage (Volume 1 ed.). Chicago and London: Fitzroy Dearborn. pp. 1330–1331. {{cite book}}: |last1= has generic name (help)
  7. ↑ "Sir Brodrick Hartwell's Affairs." Times [London, England] 24 April 1913: 3. The Times Digital Archive. 14 September 2017.
  8. ↑ "Indian and Ceylon units - Ceylon Mounted Infantry". Anglo Boer War. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
  9. ↑ Ancestry.com. UK, Military Campaign Medal and Award Rolls, 1793-1949 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010.
  10. ↑ "War Office, Pall Mall, 3rd August, 1900". The London Gazette (27217): 4790. 3 August 1900. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
  11. ↑ "No. 27470". The London Gazette. 2 September 1902. p. 5683.
  12. ↑ "The Leicestershire Regiment". The London Gazette (27907): 2798. 24 April 1906. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
  13. ↑ "Garrison Battalions. The Northumberland Fusiliers". The London Gazette (29393): 12202. 7 December 1915. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
  14. ↑ "Auction of Hartwell's medals". Woolley and Wallis. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
  15. ↑ "British Army in India during the First World War". Getty Images - copyright protected. Retrieved 18 September 2017.
  16. ↑ Charlesworth, Edward Fitzgerald. "Major Sir Broderick Hartwell, Mrs Keyworth & Lady H." Lightrocket. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
  17. ↑ Editor in Chief Charles Mosley (1999). Burkes Peerage and Baronetage (Volume 1 ed.). Chicago and London: Fitzroy Dearborn. pp. 1330–1331. {{cite book}}: |last1= has generic name (help)
  18. ↑ "Divorce Case - Elopement to Australia". The Age; Page 7. 15 April 1907. Retrieved 15 September 2017.
  19. ↑ "High Court Of Justice." Times [London, England] 12 April 1907; 9. The Times Digital Archive; 15 September 2017.
  20. ↑ "Probate, Divorce, And Admiralty Division." Times [London, England] 29 October 1907; 15. The Times Digital Archive; 15 September 2017
  21. ↑ Ancestry.com. Original data: Library and Archives Canada. Census of Canada, 1901. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Library and Archives Canada, 2004. Series RG31-C-1. Statistics Canada Fonds. Microfilm reels: T-6428 to T-6556.
  22. ↑ "881 died on this day: Thu 26/11/1914". First World War - On this day. 26 November 2014. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
  23. ↑ "The affairs of Sir Brodrick Hartwell, Bart". Hartlepool Northern Daily Mail. 25 July 1913.
  24. ↑ "£50,000 "Sweeps"". The Telegraph - Brisbane. 10 August 1915. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
  25. ↑ "Three Sweepstakes - a question of subscription". Larne Times. 19 June 1915.
  26. ↑ "Bottomley Ill". The Sun - Sydney. 2 July 1924. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
  27. ↑ "WHOLESALE WHISKY SHIP". Newcastle Morning Herald and Miners' Advocate. 30 July 1923. Retrieved 16 September 2017.
  28. ↑ "Director Visiting Rum Fleet". The Pittsburgh Gazette Times. 20 April 1923. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
  29. ↑ "Whisky Pirate - Oceans go Astray - Baronet "Broke"". The Sun - Sydney. 31 December 1925. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
  30. 1 2 "£250,000 Debts". Aberdeen Press and Journal. 31 December 1925. p. 8. Retrieved 21 September 2017.
  31. ↑ "THE BANKRUPTCY ACT, 1914. RECEIVING ORDERS". The London Gazette (33113): 8251. 11 December 1925.
  32. ↑ "Found another whiskey, Lt. Co. Sir Brodrick Hartwell". antique-bottles.net. Retrieved 18 September 2017.
  33. ↑ "Illicit Liquor - English Baronet's Operation". The Sydney Morning Herald. 6 June 1924. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
  34. ↑ Hofman, Erik (1970). The Steam Yachts - An Era of Elegance. New York: John De Graff Inc. pp. 100-103. ISBN 9780828600408.
  35. ↑ A Correspondent. "Lieut.-Col. G. E. Millner." Times [London, England] 26 November 1949: 7. The Times Digital Archive. 22 September 2017.
  36. ↑ Lloyd's yacht registers 1924 & 1925
  37. ↑ Source Citation: "Sir Brodrick Hartwell." Times [London, England] 27 Nov. 1948: 6. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 20 Jan. 2018
  38. ↑ Source Citation: "Obituary." Times [London, England] 14 May 1962: 12. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 20 Jan. 2018
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