Sergei Skripal
Сергей Скрипаль
Born
Sergei Viktorovich Skripal

(1951-06-23) 23 June 1951
Kaliningrad Oblast, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union[1]
Spouse(s)Lyudmila Skripal (c. 1952/1953–2012), née Koshelnik[2]
Children2

Sergei Viktorovich Skripal (Russian: Сергей Викторович Скрипаль, IPA: [sʲɪrˈɡʲej ˈvʲiktərəvʲɪtɕ skrʲɪˈpalʲ]; born 23 June 1951) is a former Russian military intelligence officer who acted as a double agent for the United Kingdom's intelligence services during the 1990s and early 2000s.[3] In December 2004, he was arrested by Russia's Federal Security Service (FSB) and later tried, convicted of high treason, and sentenced to 13 years in prison. He settled in the United Kingdom in 2010 following the Illegals Programme spy swap. He holds both Russian and British citizenship.[4][5]

On 4 March 2018, he and his daughter Yulia, a Russian citizen who was visiting him from Moscow, were poisoned with a Russian-developed Novichok nerve agent,[6][7] and were admitted to Salisbury District Hospital in a critical condition.[5] The poisoning was investigated by the British intelligence service as an attempted murder.[7]

On 29 March, Yulia was reported to be out of critical condition, and was "conscious and talking".[8] A week later, on 6 April, it was announced that Sergei Skripal was no longer in critical condition.[9] He was discharged from hospital on 18 May 2018.[10]

Early years

Sergei Skripal was born in Kaliningrad,[11] Kaliningrad Oblast, Russian SFSR, on 23 June 1951.[12] His father worked for a land improvement contractor, while his mother was employed with the local Council of Deputies.[13] He grew up in the town of Ozyorsk, also in Kaliningrad Oblast.[11]

Education, military intelligence

In 1972, Skripal completed the military engineering school in Kaliningrad named Zhdanov, located in the village of Borisovo (formerly Kraußen (Königsberg))[13] with the qualification of a sapper-paratrooper.[14] He then studied at the Moscow Military Engineering Academy and subsequently served in the Soviet Airborne Troops where he was deployed to Afghanistan during the Soviet–Afghan War under the command of Boris Gromov.[15]

Skripal was co-opted to the military intelligence (GRU) from the Airborne Troops.[14] In the early 1990s, he was posted as a GRU officer at the embassy in Malta.[12] In 1994, he obtained a position in the military attaché′s office in Madrid, Spain.[12][14] In 1995, according to the FSB and other sources, while in Spain, he was recruited to British intelligence by British intelligence agent Pablo Miller posing as Antonio Alvarez de Hidalgo.[16][17] According to intelligence sources cited by The Times in March 2018, Skripal was first spotted for potential development as an asset by Spanish intelligence but was approached by the British recruiter around July 1995 and was given the codename 'Forthwith'.[18] According to the FSB, Pablo Miller was also involved in efforts to recruit other Russian assets and was in contact with Alexander Litvinenko.[19]

In 1996, due to his diabetes,[12] Skripal was sent back to Moscow, where he went on to work in the GRU headquarters and for a while was acting director of the GRU personnel department.[14] Skripal held the rank of colonel when he retired, due to his inadequate health condition, in 1999.[12] He continued to make trips to Spain, where he had a house near Málaga at his disposal, provided by his handlers.[18]

According to Russian prosecutors, he began working for the United Kingdom's Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) in 1995 and passed on state secrets, such as the identities of Russian intelligence agents. After his retirement, he worked in the Household Department of the Russian foreign ministry, while continuing to work for MI6.[20][21] He was alleged to have blown the cover of 300 Russian agents.[22]

From 2001, Skripal worked in the Ministry of Municipalities of the Government of Moscow Oblast.[14]

Arrest and conviction

In December 2004, Skripal was arrested outside his house in Moscow's Krylatskoye District shortly after returning from Britain.[23] In August 2006, he was convicted of spying for Britain. Prosecutors said he had been supplying MI6 with information since the 1990s and was paid $100,000 by MI6 for the information.[24] Amid controversial circumstances, he was convicted under "Article 275" of the Russian Criminal Code (high treason in the form of espionage) by the Moscow Regional Military Court in a trial conducted behind closed doors.[23] The prosecution, which was represented by Chief Military Prosecutor Sergei Fridinsky, argued for a 15-year sentence – instead of the 20-year maximum under Article 275 – in recognition of mitigating circumstances such as his cooperation with investigators.[25][23]

Skripal was sentenced to 13 years in a high-security detention facility; he was also stripped of his military rank and decorations. The affair was not revealed to the public until after he was sentenced in August 2006.[26] Skripal's lawyers appealed the sentence, which was upheld by the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court on 30 November 2006.[27]

In July 2010, Skripal was pardoned by Russian President Dmitry Medvedev.[28]

Release and life in UK

On 9 July 2010, Skripal and three other Russians, who had been imprisoned for spying for the US, were freed as part of a spy swap. The four men were exchanged for ten Russian agents arrested in the United States as part of the Illegals Program.[29][30][31][32] The UK government insisted on Skripal being included in the swap.[14]

Skripal moved to Salisbury, Wiltshire, where he purchased a house in 2011.[33] According to British security officials, Skripal continued to provide information to the UK and other Western intelligence agencies for a period after 2010.[22]

Skripal's wife died in 2012 of disseminated endometrial cancer. His daughter returned to Moscow in 2014 and worked in sales.[14] His son died aged 43 in March 2017, in unknown circumstances, on a visit to Saint Petersburg;[34] Skripal's older brother died within the two years before the poisoning.[2][35] Both Skripal's wife and his son are buried in a cemetery local to Salisbury.[36]

In May 2018, The New York Times reported that Skripal, though retired, was "still in the game". While living in Britain, he had travelled to other countries, meeting with intelligence officials of the Czech Republic, Estonia, and Colombia, most likely discussing Russian spying techniques.[37][38] In June 2016, he travelled to Estonia to meet local spies.[39] Russian exile Valery Morozov told Channel 4 News Sergei Skripal was still working and in regular contact with military intelligence officers at the Russian Embassy.[40][41][42]

While it was initially reported that Skripal was a close confidant of Christopher Steele, the British ex-spy who compiled the controversial Steele dossier,[43][44] the Telegraph later reported an accusation from anonymous sources that this trail of evidence linking Skripal to Steele was fabricated by Russian Intelligence.[45]

On 28 September 2018, the news magazine Focus reported, referring to a statement of a senior official from NATO's Allied Command Counter-Intelligence Unit (ACCI) in Mons, that until 2017 Skripal worked for four intelligence agencies of NATO countries. Skripal not only traveled, accompanied by MI6 officials to Prague, where he contributed information about the active Russian spy network, some agents Skripal knew from his active service. He provided information to the Estonian secret service in Tallinn, which enabled them to identify three active Russian undercover operatives. Skripal also worked with the Spanish secret service Centro Nacional de Inteligencia, informing the agency about the Russian organized crime in the Spanish region of Costa del Sol. All the trips were organized and approved by the British foreign intelligence service, MI6.[46][47] Mark Urban reported that in 2017 Skripal was scheduled to meet with the Swiss Intelligence Service of the Federation.[48]

Poisoning

On 4 March 2018, Skripal and his 33-year-old daughter Yulia, who was visiting from Moscow, were found "slipping in and out of consciousness on a public bench"[49] near a shopping centre in Salisbury by a doctor and nurse who were passing by.[50][51] While at Salisbury District Hospital, they were put into induced comas to prevent organ damage.[52][53][54]

Following the incident, health authorities checked 21 members of the emergency services and the public for symptoms.[55][56] Two police officers were treated for possible minor symptoms, said to be itchy eyes and wheezing, while a third, Detective Sergeant Nick Bailey, who had been sent to Sergei Skripal's house, was in a serious condition.[57][58][59] By 22 March 2018, Detective Sergeant Bailey had recovered enough to be discharged from the hospital, and by 15 January 2019, he returned to active duty.[60][61]

On 29 March, Yulia was reported to be out of critical condition, "conscious and talking".[8] On 7 April, the hospital reported that Sergei Skripal was improving rapidly and was no longer in a critical condition, two days after the improvement had been reported in Moscow following a phone call from his daughter.[4][62] On 18 May 2018, Sergei Skripal was discharged from the hospital. The Director of Nursing said that further treatment would be provided outside the hospital and that treating the Skripals had been "a huge and unprecedented challenge".[10]

The police declared a major incident as a number of agencies were involved.[63] On 6 March, it was agreed under the National Counter Terrorism Policing Network that the Counter Terrorism Command based within the Metropolitan Police would take over the investigation from Wiltshire Police. Assistant Commissioner Mark Rowley, head of Counter Terrorism Policing, appealed for witnesses to the incident following a COBR meeting chaired by Home Secretary Amber Rudd.[36]

On 12 March 2018, Prime Minister Theresa May identified the nerve agent used in the attack as a Russian-developed nerve agent Novichok and demanded explanation from the Russian government.[64][65] Two days later, May said that Russia was responsible for the incident and announced the expulsion of 23 Russian diplomats in retaliation.[66]

Russia said that its diplomats were denied access to both Sergei Skripal and his daughter, who is a Russian national.[67] On 31 March 2018 the BBC reported that the UK was considering the Russian Embassy's request, 'in line with its obligations under international and domestic law.'[68]

On 6 April, the Home Office rejected the visa application of Sergei Skripal's niece, Viktoria Skripal, because it "did not comply with the immigration rules". Viktoria Skripal had intended to travel to Britain to take Yulia back to Russia.[69][70]

On 16 February 2019 The Sunday Times reported, without identifying sources, that Sergei Skripal "has suffered a deterioration in his health and is being treated by doctors".[71]

On 7 June 2020, The Sunday Times reported that Sergei and his daughter had been settled in New Zealand under new identities.[72] A few weeks later, the New Zealand Herald raised several doubts about the report.[73]

References

  1. ↑ Corera, Gordon (10 March 2018). "Sergei Skripal – the Russian former spy at centre of poison mystery". BBC News. Archived from the original on 26 June 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2018.
  2. 1 2 Morris, Steven; Harding, Luke; Bannock, Caroline (6 March 2018). "Woman in Russian spy mystery identified as Sergei Skripal's daughter". The Guardian (US ed.). London. Archived from the original on 7 March 2018. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
  3. ↑ "Who is former Russian intelligence officer Sergei Skripal?". BBC News. 5 March 2018. Archived from the original on 8 March 2018. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
  4. 1 2 Janjevic, Darko (6 April 2018). "The curious case of Yulia Skripal's recorded phone call". Deutsche Welle. Archived from the original on 9 April 2018. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
  5. 1 2 "Russia spy: Allies condemn nerve agent attack". BBC News. 15 March 2018. Archived from the original on 15 March 2018. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
  6. ↑ Asthana, Anushka; Roth, Andrew; Harding, Luke; MacAskill, Ewen (12 March 2018). "May issues ultimatum to Moscow over Salisbury poisoning". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 4 June 2019. Retrieved 13 March 2018.
  7. 1 2 Dodd, Vikram; Harding, Luke; MacAskill, Ewen (8 March 2018). "Sergei Skripal: former Russian spy poisoned with nerve gas, say police". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 April 2018. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
  8. 1 2 "Russian spy: Yulia Skripal 'conscious and talking'". BBC News. 29 March 2018. Archived from the original on 15 August 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2018.
  9. ↑ Joyce, Kathleen (6 April 2018). "Poisoned former Russian spy Sergei Skripal no longer in critical condition, hospital says". Fox News. Archived from the original on 6 April 2018. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
  10. 1 2 "Ex-spy Sergei Skripal discharged after poisoning". BBC News. Archived from the original on 18 May 2018. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
  11. 1 2 Стало известно, кто может скрываться под псевдонимом отравителя Скрипалей Archived 23 April 2018 at the Wayback Machine mk.ru, 23 April 2018.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 Тихомиров, Владимир (8 March 2018). "Яд для шпиона. Кто и зачем отравил экс-разведчика Сергея Скрипаля". Life.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 13 July 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2020.
  13. 1 2 Petrov, Nikolay (22 March 2018). "Сергей Скрипаль. Биография [Sergey Skripal. Biography]". Infox.ru. Archived from the original on 30 March 2018. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Сергей всегда был начеку": как жил Скрипаль в России и Британии Archived 12 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine tr. "Sergey has always been on the alert": how Skripal lived in Russia and Britain BBC, 8 March 2018.
  15. ↑ Sergei Skripal – the life of a double agent Archived 16 April 2018 at the Wayback Machine The Times, 13 March 2018.
  16. ↑ Налоговый полицейский узнал своего вербовщика: Он оказался старым знакомым контрразведчиков ФСБ Archived 8 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine tr. The tax police recognized his recruiter: He turned out to be an old acquaintance of the FSB counterintelligence Kommersant, 16 August 2007.
  17. ↑ A hundred grand and hundreds of betrayed agents What was former GRU Colonel Sergey Skripal's treason against Russia? Archived 8 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine Meduza, 6 March 2018.
  18. 1 2 Ben Macintyre. Sergei Skripal: 'Forthwith' gave MI6 telephone directory of Russian agents Archived 10 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine The Times, 10 March 2018.
  19. ↑ Шпион-идальго: ФСБ назвала имя британского шпиона, вербовавшего российских силовиков Archived 6 January 2008 at the Wayback Machine Lenta.ru, 15 August 2007.
  20. ↑ Лондон пообещал Москве жесткий ответ в случае причастности РФ к инциденту со Скрипалем Archived 8 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine Interfax, 6 March 2018.
  21. ↑ "Russian colonel sentenced to 13 years in prison for spying for Britain". Agence France-Presse. 9 August 2006. Archived from the original on 12 March 2007.
  22. 1 2 Neil Buckley, David Bond, Henry Foy. The unanswered questions over the attack on a Russian double agent Archived 10 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine Financial Times, 9 March 2018 (print edition of 10 March 2018)
  23. 1 2 3 Полковник на службе ее величества: Осужден агент британской разведки в ГРУ Archived 12 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine Kommersant, 10 August 2006.
  24. ↑ Parfitt, Tom; Weaver, Matthew; Norton-Taylor, Richard (9 July 2010). "Spy swap: US and Russia hand over agents in full media glare". the Guardian. Retrieved 9 November 2021.
  25. ↑ Отставной полковник спецслужб Скрипаль получил 13 лет за шпионаж в пользу британской разведки Archived 12 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine NEWSru, 9 August 2006.
  26. ↑ "Russian colonel jailed for spying". BBC News. 9 August 2006. Archived from the original on 6 March 2018. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
  27. ↑ Оставлен в силе приговор полковнику Скрипалю, осужденному за шпионаж Archived 12 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine RIA Novosti, 30 November 2006.
  28. ↑ "Sergei Skripal: Who is the former Russian intelligence officer?". BBC News. 29 March 2018. Retrieved 9 November 2021.
  29. ↑ "Russia and US preparing spy swap". The Telegraph. 7 July 2010. Archived from the original on 6 March 2018. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
  30. ↑ Parfitt, Tom; Weaver, Matthew; Norton-Taylor, Richard (9 July 2010). "Spy swap: US and Russia hand over agents in full media glare". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 9 March 2018. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
  31. ↑ Norton-Taylor, Richard; Parfitt, Tom; Clark, Andrew (11 July 2010). "British security services debrief two Russians freed in spy swap". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 6 March 2018. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
  32. ↑ "Случаи помилования президентом РФ лиц, осужденных за госизмену. Досье". TASS. 29 July 2017. Archived from the original on 13 March 2018. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
  33. ↑ "Salisbury, scratchcards and sausage: the quiet life of Sergei Skripal". The Guardian. 6 March 2018. Archived from the original on 7 March 2018. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
  34. ↑ Dodd, Vikram; MacAskill, Ewen; Morris, Steven (9 March 2018). "Russian spy attack: military convoy arrives at Salisbury hospital". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 9 March 2018. Retrieved 9 March 2018.
  35. ↑ "Russian spy: Sergei Skripal collapsed alongside daughter". BBC News. 6 March 2018. Archived from the original on 8 March 2018. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
  36. 1 2 "'More known' about substance in spy case". BBC News. 7 March 2018. Archived from the original on 22 June 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2018.
  37. ↑ "Sergei Skripal Was Retired, but Still in the Spy Game. Is That Why He Was Poisoned?". The New York Times. 14 May 2018. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 14 May 2018. Retrieved 14 May 2018.
  38. ↑ "Mercenaries, Spies, and Double Agents Gather En Masse in Bogotá". Bloomberg Businessweek. 16 April 2019. Archived from the original on 22 April 2019. Retrieved 22 April 2019.
  39. ↑ "Sergei Skripal Was Retired, but Still in the Spy Game. Is That Why He Was Poisoned?". Archived from the original on 22 July 2018. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
  40. ↑ Home Affairs Correspondent, Tom Harper (18 March 2018). "Special Branch called in as email warns dissident: 'They came for Sergei, they will come for you'". Archived from the original on 26 September 2018. Retrieved 25 September 2018 – via www.thetimes.co.uk.
  41. ↑ "Sergei Skripal: Former spy was in 'regular contact with Russian embassy', ex-Kremlin officer claims | The Independent". Independent.co.uk. 7 March 2018. Archived from the original on 24 November 2018. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
  42. ↑ Drake, Matt (8 March 2018). "'More McMafia hits will follow' Theresa May MUST act now to protect UK from assassinations". Express.co.uk. Archived from the original on 22 August 2018. Retrieved 21 August 2018.
  43. ↑ Poisoned Russian spy Sergei Skripal was close to consultant who was linked to the Trump dossier Archived 25 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine, The Telegraph, 7 March 2018.
  44. ↑ "The ex-Kremlin spy apparently poisoned in Britain has links to the man who wrote the explosive Trump-Russia dossier". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 21 August 2020. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
  45. ↑ Kremlin accused of laying false trail linking Sergei Skripal to ex-MI6 officer behind Trump dossier Archived 27 January 2019 at the Wayback Machine, The Telegraph, 20 January 2019.
  46. ↑ Vergifteter Doppelagent Skripal war bis 2017 für vier Geheimdienste tätig Archived 29 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Focus, 28 September 2019
  47. ↑ Bericht: Sergej Skripal lieferte Agenten ans Messer Archived 28 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Deutsche Welle, 28 September 2019
  48. ↑ "GRU Globetrotters 2: The Spies Who Loved Switzerland". Bellingcat. 6 July 2019. Archived from the original on 6 July 2019. Mark Urban reports in the book, and confirmed to us that at the end of June or beginning of July 2017, Sergey Skripal had to cancel a previously-scheduled interview on the grounds that he had to travel to Switzerland to meet with the local intelligence services.
  49. ↑ "Moscow 'Highly Likely' Behind Salisbury Chemical Attack, Prime Minister of United Kingdom Says in Letter to Security Council – Russian Federation Calls Statement Irresponsible, Threatening". United Nations. 14 March 2018. SC/13247. Archived from the original on 8 April 2018. Retrieved 9 April 2018.
  50. ↑ "Russian spy: What we know so far". BBC News. 8 March 2018. Archived from the original on 3 July 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2018.
  51. ↑ "Alleged former Russian spy critically ill after exposure to unknown substance in Salisbury". The Daily Telegraph. 5 March 2018. Archived from the original on 10 March 2018. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
  52. ↑ Michael Wolgelenter, Ellen Barry. 18 May 2018: Sergei Skripal, Russian Ex-Spy, Leaves U.K. Hospital After Poisoning Archived 29 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine at nytimes.com, accessed 19 August 2020.
  53. ↑ Ellen Barry. 28 March 2018: "Russian Ex-Spy Sergei Skripal Was Poisoned via Front Door, U.K. Says" Archived 29 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine at nytimes.com, accessed 2 April 2018.
  54. ↑ "Russian spy: Russia 'has no information' on Sergei Skripal collapse". BBC News. 6 March 2018. Archived from the original on 8 March 2018. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
  55. ↑ "Up to 21 people treated after nerve agent attack on Russian spy Sergei Skripal". ITV News. 8 March 2018. Archived from the original on 11 March 2018. Retrieved 9 March 2018.
  56. ↑ Casciani, Dominic (9 March 2018). World at One. BBC Radio 4. Event occurs at 21m47s. Retrieved 9 March 2018. there was some erroneous reporting that there were 21 other people being treated, that is not true, there has only been these three casualties and they are all still in hospital
  57. ↑ "Russian spy 'attacked with nerve agent'". BBC News. 7 March 2018. Archived from the original on 18 July 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2018.
  58. ↑ Robert Mendick (9 March 2018). "Russian spy may have been poisoned at home, police believe, as military deployed to Salisbury". Telegraph. Archived from the original on 14 March 2018. Retrieved 11 March 2018.
  59. ↑ Patrick Sawer (11 March 2018). "Poisoned police officer: 'I'm not a hero. I was just doing my job'". Telegraph. Archived from the original on 11 March 2018. Retrieved 11 March 2018.
  60. ↑ "Police officer discharged after ex-spy attack". BBC News. 22 March 2018. Archived from the original on 30 March 2018. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
  61. ↑ Morris, Steven (15 January 2019). "Police officer poisoned by novichok returns to active duty". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 13 July 2019. Retrieved 30 November 2019.
  62. ↑ Alistair Smout, Guy Faulconbridge (7 April 2018). "Poisoned Russian agent Sergei Skripal recovering rapidly, hospital says". Reuters. Archived from the original on 10 April 2018. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
  63. ↑ "Critically ill man 'former Russian spy'". BBC News. 5 March 2018. Archived from the original on 8 March 2018. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
  64. ↑ "Russian spy: Highly likely Moscow behind attack, says Theresa May". BBC News. 12 March 2018. Archived from the original on 12 March 2018. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
  65. ↑ Barry, Ellen; Pérez-Peña, Richard (12 March 2018). "Britain Blames Moscow for Poisoning of Former Russian Spy". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 12 March 2018. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
  66. ↑ Stewart, Heather; Walker, Peter; Borger, Julian (14 March 2018). "Russia threatens retaliation after Britain expels 23 diplomats". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 21 April 2020. Retrieved 20 August 2020.
  67. ↑ Великобритания отказалась предоставить российским дипломатам доступ к Сергею Скрипалю Archived 18 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine (Britain refused to grant Russian diplomats access to Sergei Skripal TASS.) TASS, 18 March 2018.
  68. ↑ Russian spy: UK considers request to visit Yulia Skripal Archived 25 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine 31 March 2018, at bbc.co.uk, accessed 2 April 2018.
  69. ↑ "The Latest: UK rejects visa for poisoned spy's niece". AP NEWS. 7 April 2018. Retrieved 9 November 2021.
  70. ↑ "Sergei Skripal's niece denied visa to come to Britain". Reuters. 6 April 2018. Retrieved 9 November 2021.
  71. ↑ Kerbaj, Richard; Gregory, Andrew (16 February 2019). "Fears for poisoned MI6 spy Sergei Skripal after health worsens". The Sunday Times. Archived from the original on 16 October 2019. Retrieved 10 September 2019 – via www.thetimes.co.uk.
  72. ↑ "Salisbury novichok poisonings: Sergei and Yulia Skripal move to New Zealand". 7 June 2020. Archived from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 1 August 2020 – via www.thetimes.co.uk.
  73. ↑ "Russian spies, lies and the British press: Are the poisoned Skripal duo living in NZ?". 28 June 2020. Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 1 August 2020.
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