A north-western view of the Sydney central business district skyline in May 2022

Sydney, the largest city in Australia, is home to 1,168 completed high-rise buildings, more than any other city in Australia.[1] Of those completed or topped out, the entire city (including metropolitan suburbs) has 50 buildings that reach a height of at least 150 metres (490 ft), of which 17 reach a height of at least 200 metres (660 feet) – the second–highest number of skyscrapers in Australia,[2][3][4] as well as a further 16 buildings rising to at least 150 metres (490 feet) in height currently under construction.

Although the tallest buildings in the city have historically been concentrated in the central business district and immediate surrounding areas such as Barangaroo and Ultimo, suburbs within the Sydney metropolitan area have all seen a substantial surge in the development of high rises and skyscrapers in recent years, with major satellite centres such as Chatswood, Parramatta, North Sydney, St Leonards and Macquarie Park all witnessing or playing host to the construction of skyscrapers rising above 150 metres. As a result, Sydney has the tallest building and most skyscrapers (reaching at least 150 metres or above) outside an inner city area or core in Australia.[5]

Sydney was one of the first cities in Australia and internationally to welcome the introduction of skyscrapers and high-rise office blocks in the mid 20th century, alongside cities in the U.S., including New York City and Chicago. Witnessing a boom in the 20th century, Sydney has played host to various buildings which have held the title of the tallest building in Australia including St James' Church, the Sydney Town Hall, the Garden Palace, the General Post Office, AWA Tower, AMP Building, 25 Martin Place, and the Australia Square tower in 1967 at 170 metres (560 feet) tall, which was Australia's first true skyscraper as defined as rising above or at least 150 metres high.[6] Since 2020, Crown Sydney has been Sydney's tallest building and the 4th tallest building in Australia, rising to a height of 271 metres (889 feet).

History

19th century

Sydney played host to Australia's first tallest building in 1824 with the construction of St James' Church. Standing at a height of 52 metres (171 feet), it was commissioned by Governor Lachlan Macquarie in 1819, designed by Francis Greenway and constructed between 1820 and 1824 using convict labour.[7] The partially complete Sydney Town Hall, built in Victorian Second Empire style, surpassed this height in 1878 with the completion of its clock tower that stood at a height of 57 metres (187 feet).[8] This title was briefly held until the completion of the Garden Palace in 1879, standing at a height of 64 m (210 ft).[9] The Garden Palace likewise only held this title as tallest briefly, after its demise from a fire in 1882. Hence, the Sydney Town Hall once again became Sydney's tallest until 1891 with the completion of the General Post Office. Standing at a height of 73 m (240 ft), the GPO was at the time described upon opening by the Postmaster General as a building that "will not be surpassed by any other similar structure in the southern hemisphere".[10][11]

20th century

The Circular Quay and city skyline, 1920s

Towards the end of the 19th century and throughout the beginning of the 20th century, advances in building technology and design coupled with rising urban land values meant that high rise buildings became an attractive proposition in Sydney.[12] Considered to be Sydney's first high-rise office building, Culwulla Chambers, was completed in 1912 and stood at a height of 50 metres (160 ft). Designed by Spain, Cosh and Minnett, the building consisted of 14 floors and cost £100,000 to build, equivalent of approximately $1 million in today's money.[13] This new wave of construction of taller buildings consequently raised concerns over fire risks, namely the inadequate firefighting resources of the period that failed to reach such heights.[14] The fire in the 8 storey Anthony Hordern & Sons building in 1901, which resulted in the death of 5 people, was notably one of the first cases to raise such concerns.[15] In 1907, Alfred Webb, then the Superintendent of the Sydney Metropolitan Fire Brigade, described how it was "a suicidal policy to allow buildings of 100 feet to go up. Our extension ladders rise to a height of 80 feet, and it might be possible to add another 10 feet to them; but the effectiveness of their working is materially decreased as the height is added to." Additionally, public backlash against increased heights also became apparent during this period, primarily stemming from sentiments that taller buildings did not match the aesthetic of Sydney's streetscape and that they would become a source of increased overcrowding and congestion.[12] As a result, the Height of Buildings Act was passed in 1912, which limited all new buildings to a height of 46 metres (151 feet). This restriction stunted the height of Sydney's buildings, lasting until 1957.[16][17]

Despite these height restrictions, 1939 saw the completion of the AWA Tower, which finally surpassed the General Post Office's title as Sydney's tallest after 48 years. At a height of 112 metres (367 feet), the AWA tower also became the city's first building to surpass a height of 100 metres (330 feet), and would go on to stay as the tallest until 1962.[18]

The Sydney skyline in 1970. Visible (from right) is Gold Fields House, Australia Square, the AMP Building, and the State Office Block

1960s and 1970s

With growing demand for office space, the abolition of the 46 metres (151 feet) height limit in 1957 saw a subsequent construction boom for taller buildings beginning in the late 50s through to the early 1960s. During this period, Sydney played host to the construction of various new towers that would subsequently stand as the tallest in the nation. In 1962, the modernist AMP Building was completed, becoming the tallest building in Australia at a height of 115 metres (377 feet). Shortly after, Australia Square was completed in 1967, also taking the title tallest in Australia at 170 metres (560 feet). At the time, Australia Square was the world's tallest light weight concrete building[19][20] and was also the first true skyscraper in Australia at over 150 metres (490 feet) as defiined by the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat.

Following this, the 1970s saw Sydney continue its construction boom and status as the city with the nation's tallest buildings. In 1976, the AMP Centre (now the Quay Quarter Tower) was completed, standing at a record height of 188 metres (617 feet). This title was short-lived, with the completion of the Harry Seidler designed MLC Centre in 1977, which stood at a height of 228 metres, the first building in Australia to surpass 200 metres (660 feet).

1980s and 1990s

Since 1981, the Sydney Tower has stood as the tallest structure in Sydney at 309 m (1,014 ft), though as an observation tower, it fails to be classified as a building as defined by architectural standards set by the CTBUH. In 1992, the Chifley Tower became the tallest building in Sydney at a height of 244 metres (801 feet). The 1990s was also a period which saw the construction of numerous residential skyscrapers, starting with The Peak in 1996 at a height of 168 metres (551 feet), followed by the Century Tower in 1997 at a height of 183 metres (600 feet).

21st century

A 235-metre (771 ft) height restriction implementation persisted in Sydney's building regulations well into the early 2010s. However, this height restriction was lifted in 2016, allowing buildings to be built as high as 310 metres (1,020 ft) on condition that public spaces were not overshadowed.[21] This was further raised to 330 metres (1,080 ft) at the end of 2019.[22]

Sydney's most recent residential tower, 505 George Street, will rise 270 metres, comprising 80 stories much of it serviced apartments. As the tower penetrates Sydney Airport's Obstacle Limitation Surfaces (OLS) it will require an Aeronautical Impact assessment approval.[23]

The current tallest building in Sydney, and the fourth tallest in Australia is Crown Sydney. Completed in 2020 it stands at a height of 271 m (889 ft), overtaking the Chifley Tower's previous title as tallest in Sydney, standing at a height of 244 metres (801 feet).

An eastern view of the Sydney central business district skyline in 2023

Tallest buildings

This list ranks completed buildings in Sydney that stands at least 150 m (490 ft) tall, including new buildings which have fully reached their architectural height. All structures are measured to the highest architectural detail, including spires.[24]

Note: Sydney Tower is not included as it is defined as a structure, as opposed to a building.

  Was Sydney's tallest building when completed
Rank Name Image Height (m) Height (ft) Floors Year Purpose Location Address Notes
1 Crown Sydney 271 889 75 2020 Mixed use Barangaroo 1-11 Barangaroo Avenue Tallest building in Sydney since 2020, 4th tallest building in Australia. Completed in December 2020.[25]
2 Salesforce Tower 263 863 53 2022 Commercial CBD 180 George Street Tallest commercial building in Sydney since 2022. Completed in November 2022[26]
3 One Sydney Harbour (Tower 1) 247 810 72 2023 Residential Barangaroo Barangaroo Avenue Tallest residential building in Sydney since 2023. Topped out in December 2022[27]
4 Chifley Tower 244 801 50 1992 Commercial CBD 2 Chifley Square Tallest building in Sydney from 1992 to 2019. Originally 241m until a 3m lightning rod was added in 2000. Designed by Kohn Pedersen Fox.[28]
5 Citigroup Centre 243 797 50 2000 Commercial CBD 2 Park Street Designed by Crone Partners
6 Deutsche Bank Place 240 787 39 2005 Commercial CBD 126 Phillip Street The second-tallest building in the world with fewer than 40 floors. 160m to roof. Designed by Norman Foster.
7 Greenland Centre 237 778 67 2021 Residential CBD 115 Bathurst Street Completed in March 2021.[29] Tallest residential building in Sydney from 2021 to 2022
=8 One Sydney Harbour (Tower 2) 230 754 68 2023 Residential Barangaroo Barangaroo Avenue Topped out in March 2023
= 8 Meriton World Tower 230 754 75 2004 Residential CBD 85 Liverpool Street Tallest residential building in Sydney from 2004 to 2020. Part of the World Square complex. Designed by Nation Fender Katsalidis.
10 25 Martin Place 228 748 60 1977 Commercial CBD 19 Martin Place 244m to antenna and 227m to roof. Tallest building in Sydney from 1977 to 1992. Designed by Harry Seidler.
11 Governor Phillip Tower 227 745 61 1993 Commercial CBD 1 Farrer Place 254m to antenna and 227m to roof. Designed by Denton Corker Marshall.[30]
12 6 & 8 Parramatta Square 225.45[31] 739.66 57 2022 Commercial Parramatta 6-8 Parramatta Square Tallest building in Parramatta[32]
13 Latitude 222 728 45 2004 Commercial CBD 680 George Street 190m to roof. Part of the World Square complex.
14 Aurora Place 219 718 41 2000 Commercial CBD 88 Phillip Street More commonly known as Aurora Place but officially RBS Tower. 188m to roof. Designed by Renzo Piano.[33]
15 International Tower 1 217 711 50 2016 Commercial Barangaroo 100 Barangaroo Avenue Designed by Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners.[34]
16 Quay Quarter Tower 216 709 54 1976/2022 Commercial CBD 50 Bridge Street Originally built as the AMP Centre in 1976 at 188 m (617 ft); the tallest building in Sydney upon completion. Redeveloped from 2018. Designed by 3XN Architects.
17 180 George Street
(North Tower)		 213 699 67 2023 Residential Parramatta 180 George Street Tallest residential building in Parramatta. Topped out in July 2022
18 ANZ Tower 195 639 46 2013 Commercial CBD 161 Castlereagh Street Designed by Francis-Jones Morehen Thorp
19 Suncorp Place 193 633 48 1982 Commercial CBD 259 George Street Construction began in 1970 and was not completed until 1982, as the project was delayed many times.
20 180 George Street
(South Tower)		 189 620 59 2023 Residential Parramatta 180 George Street Topped out in November 2022
21 Century Tower 183 600 50 1997 Residential CBD 343 Pitt Street Tallest residential building in Sydney from 1997 to 2004.
22 86-88 Walker Street 181 594 47 2023 Commercial North Sydney 86-88 Walker Street Tallest building in North Sydney. Completed in August 2023
23 Grosvenor Place 180 590 45 1988 Commercial CBD 225 George Street Designed by Harry Seidler.[35]
24 International Tower 2 178 583 43 2015[36] Commercial Barangaroo 200 Barangaroo Avenue Designed by Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners.
25 Altitude West Tower 177 581 55 2017[37] Residential Parramatta 330 Church Street
26 1 Elizabeth Street 174 571 38 2023 Commercial CBD 1 Elizabeth Street Structurally topped out in May 2023
27 Capita Centre 173 567 31 1989 Commercial CBD 9 Castlereagh Street Designed by Harry Seidler.[38]
=28 Australia Square Tower 170 557 46 1967 Commercial CBD 264 George Street Tallest building in Sydney from 1967 to 1976. Designed by Harry Seidler.
=28 Meriton Tower 170 557 48 2006 Residential CBD 551 George Street Designed by Harry Seidler.
=28 Metro Grand Residences 170 557 40 2014 Residential Chatswood 438 Victoria Avenue [39]
=31 The Peak 168 551 46 1996 Residential Haymarket 2 Quay Street Tallest residential building in Sydney from 1996 to 1997. Part of the Market City complex.
=31 International Tower 3 168 551 40 2016 Commercial Barangaroo 300 Barangaroo Avenue Designed by Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners.[40]
=33 1 O'Connell Street 166 544 36 1991 Commercial CBD 1 O'Connell Street Designed by Peddle Thorp & Walker.
=33 Westpac Place 166 544 35 2005 Commercial CBD 275 Kent Street Designed by Johnson Pilton Walker
35 201 Elizabeth Street 165 541 40 1978 Commercial CBD 201 Elizabeth Street Formerly known as the Pacific Power Building.
36 Gateway Plaza 164 538 46 1989 Commercial CBD 1 Macquarie Place Designed by Peddle Thorp & Walker.[41]
37 HSBC Centre 162 531 37 1988 Commercial CBD 580 George Street Formerly known as The Pavilion Building.
38 1 Denison Street 159 522 48 2020 Commercial North Sydney 1 Denison Street Topped out in December 2019. Completed in August 2020[42]
=39 The Cove 158 518 45 2003 Residential CBD 129 Harrington Street Designed by Harry Seidler.
=39 4 Parramatta Square 158 518 39 2020 Commercial Parramatta 4 Parramatta Square Topped out in July 2019. Completed in early 2020[43]
=41 88 by JQZ 157 515 49 2022 Residential St Leonards 88 Christie Street [44]
=41 34 Walker Street

(Tower 1)

 157 515 45 2024 Residential Rhodes 34 Walker Street Topped out in December 2023[45]
43 Hordern Towers 156 511 48 1999 Residential CBD 401 Pitt Street Part of the World Square Complex.
=44 EY Centre 155 508 40 2015 Commercial CBD 200 George Street Designed by Francis-Jones Morehen Thorp.[46][47]
=44 Metro Spire Residences 155 508 37 2014 Residential Chatswood 440 Victoria Avenue [48]
=46 100 Mount Street 152 498 39 2019 Commercial North Sydney 100 Mount Street Completed in June 2019
=46 Angel Place 152 498 35 2000 Commercial CBD 123 Pitt Street Designed by Peddle Thorp & Walker.
=46 Sydney Central 152 498 31 1992 Commercial CBD 477 Pitt Street
=49 85 Castlereagh Street 151 495 32 2011 Commercial CBD 85 Castlereagh Street Part of the Sydney Tower complex. Also known as the JP Morgan building. Designed by John Wardle Architects.[49]
=49 Lumière Residences 151 495 47 2007 Residential CBD 487 George Street Designed by Norman Foster.

Skylines

Sydney CBD
150m +
Completed/Topped out: 31
Under construction: 6
Tallest building: Salesforce Tower (263m)
Barangaroo
150m +
Completed/Topped out: 6
Tallest building: Crown Sydney (271m)
Parramatta
150m+
Completed/Topped out: 5
Under construction: 3
Tallest building: 6 & 8 Parramatta Square (230m)
North Sydney
150m+
Completed/Topped out: 3
Under construction: 1
Tallest building: 86-88 Walker Street (181m)
Chatswood
150m+
Completed/Topped out: 2
Tallest building: Metro Grand Residences (170m)
St Leonards
150m+
Completed/Topped out: 1
Tallest building: 88 by JQZ (157m)
Rhodes
150m +
Completed/Topped out: 1
Tallest building: 34 Walker Street (157m)
Sydney Olympic Park
100m +
Completed/Topped out: 3
Tallest building: Boomerang on Olympic Boulevard (126m)

Tallest buildings proposed, approved and under construction

This is a list of 150m+ proposed, approved and under construction skyscrapers in Sydney.[50][51]

Key:
Topped out Under construction Approved Proposed
Name Height Storeys Purpose Completion Location Status
m ft
56 Pitt Street 314 1,030 75 Commercial 2029 Sydney CBD Proposed[52][53][54]
505 George Street 270 890 80 Residential TBA Sydney CBD Approved[55][56]
Hunter Street East Metro Tower 260 850 58 Commercial TBA Sydney CBD Proposed
338 Pitt Street North Tower 258 846 80 Mixed use TBA Sydney CBD Approved[57]
338 Pitt Street South Tower 258 846 80 Mixed use TBA Sydney CBD Approved[57]
One Sydney Harbour Tower 1 247 810 70 Residential 2023 Barangaroo Topped out[58]
8-14 Great Western Highway 243 797 75 Residential TBA Parramatta Proposed
55 Pitt Street 238 781 56 Commercial 2026 Sydney CBD Under construction[59]
Burramatta Place 234 768 57 Commercial TBA Parramatta Proposed
One Sydney Harbour Tower 2 230 750 60 Residential 2023 Barangaroo Topped out[58]
7 Hassall Street 220 720 63 Residential TBA Parramatta Proposed
Central on Thomas 218 715 49 Mixed use TBA Sydney CBD Approved[60]
2 O'Connell Street 217 712 66 Residential TBA Parramatta Approved[61]
Affinity Place 214 702 55 Commercial TBA North Sydney Approved[62][63]
15-25 Hunter Street 214 702 52 Commercial TBA Sydney CBD Approved[64][65]
Hunter Street West Metro Tower 211 692 51 Commercial TBA Sydney CBD Proposed
Westfield Tower 210 690 46 Mixed use TBA Parramatta Approved[66]
Hyde Metropolitan 208 682 55 Mixed use TBA Sydney CBD Under construction[67]
4-6 Bligh Street 205 673 55 Mixed use TBA Sydney CBD Approved[68]
GQ Parramatta 201 659 61 Residential TBA Parramatta Approved[69]
8 Phillip Street 199 653 58 Residential 2023 Parramatta Under construction[70]
One Circular Quay 197 646 59 Residential 2025 Sydney CBD Under construction[71]
Trilogy - Tower C 192 630 59 Residential TBA Macquarie Park Under construction[72]
195 Church Street (Office Tower) 193 633 45 Commercial TBA Parramatta Approved[73]
50-52 Phillip Street 192 630 47 Hotel TBA Sydney CBD Proposed[74]
372 Pitt Street 190 620 60 Mixed use TBA Sydney CBD Approved[75]
286-300 Church Street 190 620 ~60 Residential TBA Parramatta Proposed
Chifley South 188 617 44 Commercial TBA Sydney CBD Approved[76]
601 Pacific Highway 187 614 63 Commercial TBA St Leonards Proposed
Toga Central 186 610 45 Commercial TBA Sydney CBD Proposed
Atlassian Tower 184 604 36 Commercial 2027 Sydney CBD Under construction[77]
524-542 Pacific Hwy 182 597 53 Mixed use TBA St Leonards Proposed
Cockle Bay Park 181 594 46 Commercial TBA Darling Harbour Approved[78]
87 Church Street 180 590 55 Residential TBA Parramatta Approved[79]
142 Macquarie Street 180 590 32 Mixed use TBA Parramatta Proposed
617-621 Pacific Highway 175 574 50 Mixed use TBA St Leonards Proposed
1 Elizabeth Street 174 571 40 Commercial 2023 Sydney CBD Topped out[80]
Victoria Cross Tower 170 560 40 Commercial 2023 North Sydney Under construction[81]
City Tattersalls Club Tower 168 551 48 Mixed use 2026 Sydney CBD Under construction[82]
Macquarie Towers (North Tower) 167 548 54 Residential TBA Parramatta Approved[83]
Harbourside 167 548 50 Residential TBA Darling Harbour Under construction[84][85]
135 George Street 166 545 51 Mixed use TBA Parramatta Approved[86]
133-145 Castlereagh Street 165 541 37 Commercial TBA Sydney CBD Approved[87]
525 George Street 160 520 40 Mixed use TBA Sydney CBD Approved[88]
Paramount on Parkes 158 518 47 Mixed use 2024 Harris Park Under construction[89]
34 Walker Street 157 515 45 Residential 2024 Rhodes Topped out[90]
116 Macquarie Street 156 512 48 Residential 2024 Parramatta Under construction[91]
Parkline Place 155 509 39 Mixed use 2023 Sydney CBD Under construction[92]
Central Place 154 505 38 Commercial TBA Sydney CBD Approved[93]
81 George Street 154 505 37 Commercial TBA Parramatta Proposed
195 Church Street (Residential Tower) 152 499 43 Residential TBA Parramatta Approved[73]
Trilogy - Tower B 152 499 46 Residential TBA Macquarie Park Under construction[94]
34 Hassall Street (Tower 1) 151 495 46 Mixed use TBA Parramatta Approved[95]
34 Hassall Street (Tower 2) 150 490 46 Mixed use TBA Parramatta Approved[96]

Timeline of tallest buildings

This list includes buildings that once stood as tallest in Sydney.[3][97][98][99][100][101]

NameImageYears as tallestHeightFloorsNotes
Hunter Clock Tower
1797–180645 m (148 ft)–Collapsed in 1806. Site of Old St Philip's Church.
Government Windmill
1806–180912 m (39 ft)–Demolished in the 1850s for the Sydney Observatory.
Old St Philip's Church1809–181215 m (49 ft)4Demolished in 1856.
Commissariat Stores
1812-182418 m (59 ft)4Demolished in 1939.
St James' Church1824–187552 m (171 ft)–Tallest building in Australia (1824 - 1875). Sydney's earliest tallest building still in existence.
Town Hall1878–187957 m (187 ft)4Tallest building in Australia (1878 - 1879)
Garden Palace1879–188264 m (210 ft)2Destroyed by fire in 1882. Tallest building in Australia (1879 - 1882)
Town Hall1882–189157 m (187 ft)4Tallest building in Australia (1882 - 1891)
General Post Office1891–193273 m (240 ft)5Tallest building in Australia (1891 - 1932)
AWA Tower1939–1962112 m (367 ft)14
AMP Building1962–1965115 m (377 ft)26
State Office Block1965–1967128 m (420 ft)38Demolished in 1997 to make way for Aurora Place.

Tallest building ever to have been demolished in Sydney.

Australia Square Tower1967–1976170 m (560 ft)46
AMP Centre1976–1977188 m (617 ft)45Redeveloped into the Quay Quarter Tower (216m) from 2018 to 2021.
25 Martin Place 1977–1992 228 m (748 ft) 60
Chifley Tower 1992–2020 244 m (801 ft) 50 15th-tallest building in Australia.
Crown Sydney 2020–present 271 m (889 ft) 75 Tallest building in Sydney 2020–present; 4th tallest building in Australia.
Sydney's tallest building (blue) and tallest structure (grey) from 1789 to 2021.

See also

References

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  2. ↑ Sydney - The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved 5 June 2016
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  7. ↑ "St James Anglican church Queens Square | The Dictionary of Sydney". dictionaryofsydney.org. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
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