Sognamål dialect
sognamaol
RegionSogn
Early forms
Latin (Norwegian alphabet)
Norwegian Braille
Language codes
ISO 639-3–
IETFno-u-sd-no14

Sognamål (literally "Sogn language", in Sognamål; sognamaol) is a Western Norwegian dialect which is spoken in the area of Sogn. One of the most prominent features of Sognamål is the pronunciation [aʊ] instead of [ɔː] in many words, i.e. exactly how the letter "á" is pronounced in modern Icelandic. The folk/black metal band Windir from Sogndal used the dialect in their lyrics.

Phonology

Consonants

Consonant phonemes[2]
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n
Plosive /
Affricate		 voiceless p t c͡ç k
voiced b d ɟ͡ʝ ɡ
Fricative voiceless f s h
voiced v
Trill r
  • /m, p, b/ are bilabial, whereas /f, v/ are labiodental.
  • /p, b, t, d, k, ɡ/ are plosives, whereas /c͡ç, ɟ͡ʝ/ are affricates.[2]
  • Phonetically, /r/ can be trilled [r] or tapped [ɾ].[2]

Vowels

Monophthongs of Sognamål, from Haugen (2004:30)
Monophthong phonemes of Sognamål[3]
Front Back
unrounded rounded
short long short long short long
Close i iː ʊ ʊː
Mid ɛ eː ø øː ɔ ɔː
Open a aː
  • /eː/ is close-mid front [eː]. Its short counterpart is the open-mid front [ɛ].[3]
  • /ʊ, ʊː/ are close-mid [o, oː].[3]
  • The long /øː/ is open-mid front [œː], whereas the short /ø/ varies between open-mid front [œ] and near-close front [ʉ̞˖].[3]
  • /ɔ, ɔː/ are open-mid [ɔ, ɔː].[3]
  • /a, aː/ are central [ä, äː].[3]
Part 1 of Sognamål diphthongs, from Haugen (2004:31)
Part 2 of Sognamål diphthongs, from Haugen (2004:31)
Diphthong phonemes of Sognamål[4]
Starting point Ending point
Front Back
unrounded rounded
short long short long short long
Close iʉ iʉː
Close-mid ei eiː eʉ eʉː
Open-mid ɔi ɔiː øy øyː oʊ oʊː
Open ai aiː aʊ aʊː
  • /iʉ, iʉː/ are phonetically [iʉ̟, iʉ̟ː].[5]
  • /ei, eiː/ are phonetically [ei, eiː].[5]
  • /eʉ, eʉː/ are phonetically [eʉ̟, eʉ̟ː].[5]
  • /øy, øyː/ are phonetically [œy, œyː].[5]
  • /ɔi, ɔiː/ are phonetically [ɔ̟i, ɔ̟iː].[5]
  • /oʊ, oʊː/ are phonetically [ɔo, ɔoː].[5]
  • /ai, aiː/ are phonetically [äi, äiː].[5]
  • /aʊ, aʊː/ are phonetically [äo̟, äo̟ː].[5]

References

  1. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (2022-05-24). "Older Runic". Glottolog. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. Archived from the original on 2022-11-13. Retrieved 2022-11-13.
  2. 1 2 3 Haugen (2004), p. 32.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Haugen (2004), p. 30.
  4. ↑ Haugen (2004), pp. 30–31.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Haugen (2004), p. 31.

Bibliography


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