Double-ended Spadina streetcar near Dundas Street

The Toronto Transit Commission operated a separate Spadina streetcar line on Spadina Avenue, from 1923 to 1948.[1][2] Spadina Avenue is a major north–south road in downtown Toronto.

History

Streetcar service along Spadina Avenue started in 1878 when the Toronto Street Railway built a horsecar line from King Street to College Street. The horsecar line was extended to Bloor Street in 1883.[1]

In November 1891, shortly after taking over the streetcar system, the Toronto Railway Company merged the Spadina streetcar line into its new Belt Line (not to be confused with the Toronto Belt Line Railway, a steam-powered commuter railway line of the same period). The TRC's Belt Line route operated both ways on King Street, Spadina Avenue, Bloor Street, and Sherbourne Street.[1][3][4]

After its creation in 1921, the TTC (then the Toronto Transportation Commission) combined, amalgamated and rationalized the tracks, routes, and rolling stock of several privately held streetcar companies. In a 1923 reconfiguration of the streetcar network, the Belt Line route was discontinued and Spadina became a separate streetcar route starting on July 1, 1923.[1]

Initially the Spadina streetcar route ran from Bloor Street to Front Street. However, when a bridge over the railway corridor south of Front Street was opened in 1927, the Spadina line was extended south to Fleet Street (today's Lake Shore Boulevard).[1] Because the line has no turning loops, the Spadina route used double-ended vehicles and required crossovers to change direction. There were three crossovers along the line – at Bloor Street, Wellington Street and Lake Shore Boulevard.[5] The streetcars used on the route were built by the Preston Car Company in 1918. The TTC inherited them from the Toronto Civic Railways, and designated this series of streetcars as Class J. The Class J streetcars required two-man operation, had rear-door entry/exit and front-door exit, and used Pay-As-You-Enter fare collection.[6]

Spadina Avenue used to have a tree-lined, centre boulevard containing streetcar tracks in the middle separate from road traffic. However, sometime during the life the Spadina streetcar route, this boulevard was eliminated and paved for road traffic.[1]

South of Harbord Street, the tracks on Spadina Avenue were also used by the Harbord streetcar route, a route created by the Toronto Railway Company on November 16, 1911. Spadina Avenue was just one of a number of streets traversed by Harbord streetcars. Coming from the west along Harbord Street, the Harbord route went south on Spadina Avenue initially to continue east on Adelaide Street into downtown. Later starting in 1919, the route turned east on College Street but only on Sundays. Finally, on October 3, 1933, the route turned east from Spadina Avenue onto Dundas Street. This route always used single-ended streetcars.[7]

The Spadina route operated until October 10, 1948, when it was replaced by buses.[6] The conversion to buses was to provide relief from post-war electricity shortages.[8] With the simultaneous closure of the Spadina streetcar route and the North Yonge Railways, the TTC ended the use of double-ended streetcars on its system.[6]

After termination of the Spadina route, the tracks on Spadina between Dundas Street and Harbord Street continued to be used by the Harbord streetcar route until its discontinuation on February 26, 1966.[6] After the demise of the Harbord route, only the tracks between King and College streets were retained along Spadina Avenue,[9] which could be used for diversions. After being rebuilt, the Spadina streetcar line was reinstated as 510 Spadina on July 27, 1997.[4][8]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Mike Filey (1997). The TTC Story: The First Seventy-five Years. Dundurn Publishing. p. 75. ISBN 9781770700796. Retrieved July 15, 2013.
  2. ↑ James Bow (January 3, 2013). "Route 510 - The Spadina Streetcar". Transit Toronto. Archived from the original on January 13, 2005. Retrieved July 15, 2013. The first Spadina streetcar line operated between a crossover at Bloor Street to a crossover at Front Street. On May 23, 1927, with the new Spadina bridge over the railway tracks open, the route was extended to a new crossover on the north side of Fleet Street (now Lake Shore Boulevard). With no loops at either end of the route, double-ended streetcars had to be used.
  3. ↑ Pete Coulman, James Bow (April 27, 2013). "A History of the TTC's Belt Line Streetcars". Transit Toronto. Archived from the original on January 20, 2013. Retrieved July 15, 2013. June 30, 1923 -- Last day of operation. Service is discontinued in favour of crosstown service on the BLOOR streetcar and separate SPADINA and SHERBOURNE streetcar routes.
  4. 1 2 Mike Filey (2003). "Toronto Sketches 7: The Way We Were". Dundurn Publishing. pp. 19–21. ISBN 9781550024487. Retrieved November 30, 2012.
  5. ↑ Formin, Roman. "Streetcar System Map 1945 (by Roman Fomin)" (PDF). Transit Toronto. Retrieved March 3, 2018.
  6. 1 2 3 4 John F. Bromley and Jack May (1973). 50 Years of Progressive Transit. Electric Railroaders' Association. pp. 37, 74, 107, 158, and map section.
  7. ↑ Bow, James (January 10, 2017). "The Harbord Streetcar (Deceased)". Transit Toronto. Retrieved March 6, 2018.
  8. 1 2 Mike Filey (2000). The Way We Were. Dundurn Publishing. p. 75. ISBN 9781550023398. Retrieved July 15, 2013. On October 10, 1948, all Spadina streetcars were removed to be replaced by buses in an attempt to conserve electricity, in short supply following the end of the Second World War.
  9. ↑ Bromley, John F (October 15, 1966). "Toronto Track Diagram (1966)". Transit Toronto. Retrieved March 4, 2018.
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