19th-century engraving of the Santa Ana
History
Spain
Name	Santa Ana
Ordered	3 February 1783
Builder	Reales Astilleros de Esteiro, Ferrol
Laid down	June 1783
Launched	28 September 1784
Commissioned	28 February 1785
Fate	Sunk, Havana, 1816
Notes	Participated in: Battle of Trafalgar (1805)
General characteristics
Class and type	Santa Ana-class ship of the line
Tonnage	2,112 tonnes
Length	59.5 m (195 ft)
Beam	16.2 m (53 ft)
Sail plan	Full-rigged ship
Complement	1,102 (at Trafalgar)
Armament	On launch: 30 × 36-pounder cannon 32 × 24-pounder cannon 32 × 12-pounder cannon 18 × 8-pounder cannon At Trafalgar: 30 × 36-pounder cannon 32 × 24-pounder cannon 32 × 12-pounder cannon 10 × 8-pounder cannon 10 × 48-pounder obúses (howitzers) 2 × 32-pounder obúses 6 × 24-pounder obúses 4 × 4-pounder pedreros (swivel guns)
Armour	None

Santa Ana was a 112-gun three-decker ship of the line of the Spanish Navy, built to plans drawn by engineer Miguel de la Puente, following a specification issued by José Romero Fernández de Landa. Her actual constructor at Ferrol was Honorato Bouyón. She was the prototype and lead ship of the Santa Ana class, also known as los Meregildos, which were built during the following years at Ferrol and Havana and which formed the backbone of the Spanish Navy - the other ships were the Mejicano, Conde de Regla, Salvador del Mundo, Real Carlos, San Hermenegildo, Reina María Luisa and Príncipe de Asturias. Her dimensions were 213.4 Burgos feet (one foot = 0.2786m,^[1] so ~ 59m) long, 58 feet (~ 16m) in the beam and a total tonnage of 2,112 tonnes.

History

She was launched on 28 September 1784 at the Reales Astilleros de Esteiro, at Ferrol. She was tested at sea on 28 February 1785 under the captaincy of Félix de Tejada, who reported the test to his commanding officer that the ship "kept the battery in good use [even] in a fresh wind and heavy seas". The success of the trials led to a royal order that subsequent three-deckers would be built to the same plans.

Thémis with Santa Ana in tow in the aftermath of the Battle of Trafalgar

From 1803 to 1804 she was captained by Dionisio Alcalá Galiano. At Trafalgar she was the flagship of Teniente-General Ignacio Maria de Álava y Sáenz de Navarrete and captained by José Ramón de Gardoqui - she suffered 97 killed and 141 wounded, with Alava himself seriously wounded, and was captured by the British. However, two days later, a squadron under the command of Commodores Enrique Macdonell and Cosmao-Kerjulien sallied from Cadiz and succeeded in recapturing her and getting her back to Cadiz.

At the start of the Peninsular War in 1808 she was undergoing repairs at the Arsenal and so could not participate in the capture of the French squadron under Admiral Rosily. She and her sistership Príncipe de Asturias moved to Havana in late 1810 to avoid capture by the French, and sank in its Arsenal in 1816. In 1834 she could still be seen next to the Príncipe de Asturias (which had also sunk) in the mud in front of the Arsenal.

Citations

References

• Winfield, Rif; Tredrea, John M; García-Torralba Pérez, Enrique & Blasco Felip, Manuel (2023). Spanish Warships in the Age of Sail 1700—1860: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-5267-9078-1.

External links

• "Historia del navío de línea Santa Ana". todoababor.es (in Spanish). 2012.
• "Batalla de Trafalgar. Navíos Españoles". batalladetrafalgar.com (in Spanish). 2012. Archived from the original on 2013-10-22.
• Aragón Martín, Luís (2012). Militares y Navíos Españoles que participaron en Trafalgar (1) (PDF) (in Spanish). Archived from the original (PDF) on November 22, 2009.
• Aragón Martín, Luís (2012). Militares y Navíos Españoles que participaron en Trafalgar (2) (PDF) (in Spanish). Archived from the original (PDF) on November 22, 2009.