1977 Sri Lankan parliamentary election

21 July 1977
All 168 seats in the National State Assembly 85 seats were needed for a majority
First party Second party Third party   Leader Junius Richard Jayewardene A. Amirthalingam Sirimavo Bandaranaike Party UNP TULF SLFP Leader since 1973 1977 1960 Leader's seat Colombo West Kankesanthurai Attanagalla Last election 37.91%, 17 seats – 36.86%, 91 seats Seats won 140 18 8 Seat change 123 New 83 Popular vote 3,179,221 421,488 1,855,331 Percentage 50.92% 6.75% 29.72%
Winners of polling divisions. UNP in green, TULF in yellow and SLFP in blue.
Prime Minister before election Sirimavo Bandaranaike SLFP Prime Minister-designate Junius Richard Jayewardene UNP

Parliamentary elections were held in Sri Lanka on 21 July 1977. The result was a landslide victory for the United National Party, which won 140 of the 168 seats in the National State Assembly.

Background

Prime Minister Sirimavo Bandaranaike had become extraordinarily unpopular. Her economic policies had led to industrial growth and self-reliance, but were insufficient to overcome unemployment. Constitutionally, she had taken advantage of the 1972 constitution to delay the election until 1977, instead of 1975 as would have been the case under the old Soulbury constitution. The government's strong Sinhala nationalist stance had led to unrest in the Tamil north; in response, an island-wide state of emergency was imposed, causing hardship to many people. The UF coalition Bandaranaike had built for the 1970 elections had disintegrated.

By contrast, the United National Party had made a surprising comeback since its 1970 humiliation. Under the leadership of J.R. Jayewardene it had assiduously built up its ground organization. The UNP promised to solve the ethnic problem with a devolution package. Economically, it proposed opening up the Sri Lankan economy again. Constitutionally, the UNP called for replacing the Westminster-based political system with one modelled along French lines. Most importantly, it promised a free extra ration of eight pounds of cereal (the so-called eta ata), on top of the existing ration of two kilograms of rice.

More portentous was the status of the Tamil parties. The old federalist Tamil parties had merged to form the Tamil United Liberation Front, led by Appapillai Amirthalingam, which had gone beyond regional autonomy to openly call for independence of the Tamil-speaking regions of the country.

Results

The UNP won the largest landslide in Sri Lankan history, taking over half the vote and 140 of the 168 seats, five-sixths of the legislature. The size of the landslide was magnified by the first-past-the-post system. The SLFP was decimated, falling from 91 seats to only eight–easily the worst defeat that a Sri Lankan governing party has ever suffered, and one of the worst ever suffered by a governing party in a Westminster system.

For the first time, a Tamil party won the second-highest number of seats in Parliament and became the Official Opposition.

Abeyratne Pilapitiya of the UNP was elected MP for Kalawana, but was subsequently unseated in an election petition. Sarath Muttetuwegama of the Communist Party was returned to Parliament in the ensuing by-election.

The 1977 election was the only one ever held under the 1972 constitution.^[1] A year later, the UNP-dominated legislature amended the constitution to replace the parliamentary system with a presidential system. Under the provisions of the new document, Prime Minister Jayewardene became president on 4 February 1978.

Party		Votes	%	Seats
	United National Party	3,179,221	50.92	140
	Sri Lanka Freedom Party	1,855,331	29.72	8
	Tamil United Liberation Front	421,488	6.75	18
	Lanka Sama Samaja Party	225,317	3.61	0
	Communist Party of Sri Lanka	123,856	1.98	0
	Ceylon Workers' Congress	62,707	1.00	1
	Mahajana Eksath Peramuna	22,639	0.36	0
	Independents	353,014	5.65	1
Total		6,243,573	100.00	168
Registered voters/turnout		6,667,589	–
Source: Kusaka Research Institute

Electorate Results

Notes

References

• "Result of Parliamentary General Election 1977" (PDF). Department of Elections, Sri Lanka. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-17.
• "1977 General Election Results". LankaNewspapers.com.
• "Table 38 Parliament Election (1977)". Sri Lanka Statistics. 10 February 2009. Archived from the original on 9 October 2011. Retrieved 3 October 2010.
• Rajasingham, K. T. (26 January 2002). "Chapter 24: Tamil militancy - a manifestation". Sri Lanka: The Untold Story. Asia Times. Archived from the original on 13 February 2002.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
• Rajasingham, K. T. (2 February 2002). "Chapter 25: War or peace?". Sri Lanka: The Untold Story. Asia Times. Archived from the original on 16 April 2002.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)