Surat district
District of Gujarat
Clockwise from top-left: University Road, Dutch and Armenian Cemetery, Kedareshwar Temple, Bardoli, Dumas Beach and Hazira Port, Apartments in Vesu
Location of district in Gujarat
Location of district in Gujarat
Coordinates: 20°55′N 73°3′E / 20.917°N 73.050°E / 20.917; 73.050
Country India
StateGujarat
HeadquartersSurat
Area
 • Total4,418 km2 (1,706 sq mi)
Population
 (2023)[1][2]
 • Total9,758,263
 • Rank10 of 640 in India
2 of 33 in Gujarat
 • Density2,200/km2 (5,700/sq mi)
Languages
 • OfficialGujarati, Hindi, English
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
Vehicle registrationGJ 05, GJ 19 & GJ 28
Websitesurat.gujarat.gov.in

Surat is a district in the state of Gujarat, city as the administrative headquarters of this district. It is surrounded by Bharuch, Narmada (North), Navsari (South) districts and east Tapi district To the west is the Gulf of Cambay. It is the second-most advanced district in Gujarat. It had a population of 6,081,322 of which 79.68% were urban as of 2011. On 2 October 2007 Surat district was split into two by the creation of a new Tapi district, under the Surat District Re-organisation Act 2007.

As of 2011 it is the 12th most populous district of India (out of 640), and the second most populous district of Gujarat (out of 33) after Ahmadabad.[1][2]

Geography

Map of Surat district, Bombay Presidency, British India 1877

Surat District's total area is 4,418 km 2, and the density of Surat District was 1,376 per km 2 at the 2011 Census. The region has the highest population density in the State, followed by Ahmedabad region. There are 10 sub-districts in Surat district. These include Surat city, Mandvi, Bardoli, Palsana, Mahuva, Kamrej, Mangrol, Choryasi, Olpad and Umarpada.

Climate

Surat has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen: Aw), moderated strongly by the Sea to the Gulf of Cambay. The summer begins in early March and lasts until June. April and May are the hottest months, the average maximum temperature being 37 °C (99 °F). Monsoon begins in late June, and the city receives about 1,200 millimetres (47 in) of rain by the end of September, with the average maximum being 32 °C (90 °F) during those months. October and November see the retreat of the monsoon and a return of high temperatures until late November. Winter starts in December and ends in late February, with average mean temperatures of around 23 °C (73 °F), and negligible rain.

Since the 20th century, Surat has experienced 14 floods.[3] In 1968, most parts of the city were flooded and in 1994 a flood caused a country-wide plague outbreak, Surat being the epicenter. In 1998, 30 per cent of Surat had gone under water due to flooding in Tapti river following release of water from Ukai dam located 90 km from Surat and in Aug, 2006 more than 95 per cent of the city was under Tapti river waters, killing more than 120 people, stranding tens of thousands in their homes without food or electricity and closing businesses and schools for weeks.[4][3]

Climate data for Surat, Gujarat (1932–1980)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Source 1: Sistema de Clasificación Bioclimática Mundial[5]
Source 2: World Climate Guide (sunshine only)[6]

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901462,643—    
1911494,771+0.67%
1921496,671+0.04%
1931546,018+0.95%
1941658,719+1.89%
1951781,625+1.73%
1961984,689+2.34%
19711,329,422+3.05%
19811,965,240+3.99%
19912,770,921+3.50%
20014,275,540+4.43%
20239,758,263+3.82%
source:[7]

According to the 2011 census Surat district has a population of 6,081,322,[1] roughly equal to the nation of El Salvador[8] or the US state of Missouri.[9] This gives it a ranking of 12th in India (out of a total of 640).[1] The district has a population density of 1,376 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,560/sq mi) .[1] Its population growth rate was 42.24% over the decade 2001–2011 and 54.30% over the decade 1991–2001.[10] Surat has a sex ratio of 788 females for every 1000 males,[1] and a literacy rate of 86.5%. 79.74% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 2.60% and 14.09% of the population respectively.[1]

Religion

Religions in Surat district (2011)[11]
Hinduism
 
 86.50%
Islam
 
 10.87%
Jainism
 
 1.86%
Other or not stated
 
 0.77%
Distribution of religions

Hinduism is the main religion. Islam and Jainism are also present.[11]

Language

Languages of Surat district (2011)[12]

  Gujarati (60.06%)
  Hindi (19.62%)
  Marathi (8.03%)
  Odia (2.60%)
  Urdu (2.47%)
  Marwari (1.44%)
  Bhojpuri (1.30%)
  Chodri (1.01%)
  Others (3.47%)

At the time of the 2011 census, 60.06% of the population spoke Gujarati, 19.62% Hindi, 8.03% Marathi, 2.60% Odia, 2.47% Urdu, 1.44% Marwari, 1.30% Bhojpuri and 1.01% Chodri as their first language.[12]

Politics

District No. Constituency Name Party Remarks
Surat 155Olpad Mukesh Patel Bharatiya Janata Party MoS
156Mangrol (Surat) (ST) Ganpat Vasava Bharatiya Janata Party
157Mandvi (Surat) (ST) Kunvarjibhai Halpati Bharatiya Janata Party MoS
158Kamrej Prafulbhai Pansheriya Bharatiya Janata Party MoS
159Surat East Arvind Rana Bharatiya Janata Party
160Surat North Kantibhai Balar Bharatiya Janata Party
161Varachha Road Kishore Kanani Bharatiya Janata Party
162Karanj Pravinbhai Ghoghari Bharatiya Janata Party
163Limbayat Sangita Patil Bharatiya Janata Party
164Udhana Manubhai Patel Bharatiya Janata Party
165Majura Harsh Sanghavi Bharatiya Janata Party MoS(I/C)
166Katargam Vinodbhai Moradiya Bharatiya Janata Party
167Surat West Purnesh Modi Bharatiya Janata Party
168Choryasi Sandip Desai Bharatiya Janata Party
169Bardoli (SC) Ishwarbhai Parmar Bharatiya Janata Party
170Mahuva (Surat) (ST) Mohanbhai Dhodia Bharatiya Janata Party

Culture

Places of tourist interest in Surat are the old fort build by Muhammad bin Tughluq, the beautiful beaches of Ubhrat and Dumas , the villages of Bardoli.

Industry at a Glance

Industry and data
No Head Unit Particulars
1 REGISTERED INDUSTRIAL UNIT Number 52,252
2 TOTAL INDUSTRIAL UNIT Number 52,252
3 REGISTERED MEDIUM & LARGE UNIT Number 805
4 ESTIMATED AVERAGE NO. OF DAILY & WORKER EMPLOYED IN SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES Number 1,45,527
5 EMPLOYMENT IN LARGE & MEDIUM INDUSTRIES Number 1,68,987
6 NO. OF INDUSTRIAL AREA Number 10
7 TURNOVER OF SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES Rs. (in Lacs) 6,180
8 TURNOVER OF MEDIUM & LARGE SCALE INDUSTRIES Rs. (in Lacs) 34,862

The above details has been taken from Brief Industrial Profile of Surat District[13]

Notable personalities

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "District Census Hand Book – Surat" (PDF). Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  2. 1 2 "Districts of Gujarat".
  3. 1 2 "What Surat learned from a preventable flood | Citiscope". citiscope.org. Archived from the original on 8 March 2018. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
  4. ↑ "State fails to find solution to Surat floods – Times of India". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 8 March 2018. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
  5. ↑ "INDIA – SURAT". Centro de Investigaciones Fitosociológicas. Retrieved 2011-09-24.
  6. ↑ "Surat Climate Guide". World Climate Guide. Retrieved 2011-09-24.
  7. ↑ Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901
  8. ↑ US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Archived from the original on June 13, 2007. Retrieved 2011-10-01. El Salvador 6,071,774 July 2011 est.
  9. ↑ "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2011-09-30. Missouri 5,988,927
  10. ↑ "Surat District : Census 2011 data". Census 2011.
  11. 1 2 "Population by Religion - Gujarat". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
  12. 1 2 "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Gujarat". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  13. ↑ "Profile of Surat District" (PDF).
  14. ↑ Basic Information about Gunvant Shah
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