Swan & Maclaren Architects
FormerlySwan & Lermit
Swan & Maclaren
TypeArchitectural firm
IndustryArchitecture and Planning
Founded1887 (1887) in Singapore
Founders
  • Archibald Swan
  • Alfred Lermit
  • James Waddell Boyd Maclaren
Headquarters137 Telok Ayer Street 09-01 068602,
Singapore
ServicesArchitecture
Urban Design
Master Planning
Interior Design
Historic Preservation
Sustainable Design
Websitewww.swanmaclaren.com

Swan & Maclaren Architects is a Singaporean architectural and industrial design firm.[1][2] One of the oldest architectural firms in the country, it was formerly known as Swan & Maclaren and Swan & Lermit, and was one of the most prominent architectural firms in Singapore when it was a crown colony during the early 20th century.[3] The firm has designed numerous iconic heritage buildings in Singapore as well as Malaysia.

Headquartered in UE Square, the firm has continued to design numerous projects in contemporary Singapore. The company also has multinational offices in various countries around Asia.[4]

History

Early history

The company began in Singapore, Straits Settlements as Swan & Lermit in 1887, a civil engineering firm formed by two surveyor engineers, Archibald Alexander Swan (1857–1911)[5] and Alfred Lermit. Lermit later withdrew from partnership in 1890, and later in 1892, it became Swan & Maclaren after another surveyor engineer, James Waddell Boyd Maclaren, joined as partner.[6]

Rise to prominence

The Victoria Memorial Hall (right) was designed by RAJ Bidwell of Swan and Maclaren, who duplicated the adjacent original Town Hall that subsequently became the Victoria Theatre (left). Bidwell also designed the clock tower joining the two buildings.

In 1897, Regent Alfred John Bidwell joined the firm, arriving in Singapore from England after a short working stint at the Public Works Department in Kuala Lumpur of the Federated Malay States. He was the first professionally trained architect in Singapore since George Drumgoole Coleman had practised in the town in the 1820s and 1830s. Bidwell found an opportunity in Singapore to exercise his knowledge of the full range and variety of Western architectural vocabulary.

Because of Bidwell's talent and reputation for designing handsome government buildings, Swan and Maclaren became the dominant architectural firm in colonial Singapore. Bidwell dominated its work between 1897 and 1911. The firm proceeded to win the most prestigious commissions in Singapore, and many of its early buildings are still extant today. Some of these buildings have been gazetted as national monuments, and these include Raffles Hotel (1899), Teutonia Club (1900, now Goodwood Park Hotel) and Victoria Memorial Hall (1905, now Victoria Theatre and Concert Hall).

One of Swan and Maclaren's most prominent projects was the Raffles Hotel, now a national monument.

The Raffles Hotel was one of the first of the numerous projects by Bidwell under Swan and Maclaren, which was to build a substantial number of buildings in a large variety of architectural styles. The firm was commissioned to rebuild the Teutonia Club in 1900 in its new location on Scotts Road, after it moved from its location near Raffles Hotel on North Bridge Road. Bidwell applied the south German architectural style in his design of the clubhouse. In Singapore's downtown area, Bidwell also designed the three-storey Stamford House (formerly known as the Oranje Building), completed in 1904.

By 1904, Swan and Maclaren was the largest architectural firm in Singapore. In 1905, Swan and Maclaren worked on the extensions and rebuilding of the Victoria Memorial Hall. In the same year, the Chesed-El Synagogue on Oxley Rise was built. In 1907, the Singapore Cricket Club was extended and refurbished, and the 'Eastern Extension' (later 'Telegraph House', today Sofitel 'So Singapore) on 35 Robinson Road was constructed. In that year, the firm also designed and built one of the largest shops in early Singapore, the John Little department store in Raffles Place, located on the opposite side of the square from Robinson & Co. Between 1906 and 1912, Swan and Maclaren rebuilt the Saint Joseph's Church on Victoria Street, dedicated to the Lady of Fatimah, in the Gothic style. In 1911, Bidwell left Swan and Maclaren to establish his own practice. By then, he was the most important architect in Singapore.

After RAJ Bidwell

Sultan Mosque in Kampong Glam

In 1913, Swan and Maclaren built a large villa for the Chinese businessman Eu Tong Sen on Mount Sophia. The Eu Villa was built at a grand cost of $1 million. In the same year, the firm designed the Jinrikisha Station on Neil Road.

In the years between World Wars I and II, the firm continued to lead the local market with projects such as the Sultan Mosque (1924–28), Ocean Building (1923), Hongkong Bank Chambers (now HSBC Building) (1925), Prinsep Street Presbyterian Church (1930) and the Singapore Turf Club (1934). In 1927 they completed the construction of the ‘Eastern Extension’ at 35 Robinson Road (later to be known as Telegraph House), the intersection of the ten most important overseas telegraph cables. It is today the (Sofitel) So Singapore. Swan and Maclaren also designed the Cenotaph, a granite memorial at the Esplanade Park that commemorates the soldiers who died in World War I. Its reverse side was inscribed with the names of soldiers who died in World War II.

After World War II, Swan and Maclaren remained important continuing with projects such as Singapore Polytechnic's original campus at Prince Edward Road. They did, however lose some of its dominance due to increased competition from both local and foreign companies.

Since 1999

In May 1999, Swan and Maclaren Architects was awarded the architectural tender for the new National Library building on Victoria Street to replace the main library on Stamford Road that was demolished. It was shortlisted out of five for the final selection in National Library Board's architectural design competition, from the 30 firms that made submissions.[1][7][8][9] In September 2000, the firm's team leader Ken Yeang ended his partnership with Swan and Maclaren Architects, which had originally been contracted to see the project through to completion. Subsequently, NLB released the firm from its contract, and called for new tenders for the construction of the new National Library building.[10][11] The National Library building was eventually opened on 22 July 2005, after three years of construction.[12]

List of projects

National monuments

Other projects

In Malaysia

References

Notes
  1. 1 2 Tan May Ping (22 May 1999). "Swan and Maclaren to design National Library". The Business Times. p. 3.
  2. ↑ "Shortlisted designs for new library go on display today". The Straits Times. 2 October 1999. p. H60, H61.
  3. ↑ Johannes Widodo (September 2003). "Modernism in Singapore" (PDF). Docomomo. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 November 2006. Retrieved 11 September 2007.
  4. ↑ "Find Us - Swan & Maclaren". Swan & Maclaren. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
  5. ↑ "University of Glasgow :: Story :: Biography of Archibald Alexander Swan". universitystory.gla.ac.uk. Retrieved 6 March 2023.
  6. ↑ Lee, Kip Lin (2015). The Singapore house, 1819-1942. Gretchen Liu. Singapore. p. 190. ISBN 978-981-4634-01-4. OCLC 898225266.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  7. ↑ "Want to save parts of the Library?". The Straits Times. 22 May 1999. p. H56.
  8. ↑ Vivien Ng (24 August 2000). "New library in Victoria St to cost $100m". The Business Times. p. 12.
  9. ↑ "National Library" (PDF). Singapore Biennale 2006. 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 October 2007. Retrieved 11 September 2007.
  10. ↑ Laurel Teo (18 January 2001). "National Library design team splits". The Straits Times. p. H3.
  11. ↑ Laurel Teo (20 January 2001). "Tenders invited for new National Library building". The Straits Times. p. H5.
  12. ↑ Kristina Tom (23 July 2005). "New National Library opens". The Straits Times.
  13. ↑ "Monument No. 43". The Straits Times. 21 March 1999.
  14. ↑ Founded with Father Charles Benedict Nain and Swan & Lermit
  15. ↑ Chapel extensions, in association with Father Charles Benedict Nain
  16. ↑ St Nicholas Girls' School
  17. ↑ Extensions to St Nicholas Girls' School
  18. ↑ New covered wing
  19. 1 2 Rebuilding
  20. ↑ War Memorial Wing (West transept)
  21. ↑ Extensions (East transept)
  22. ↑ New buildings
  23. ↑ Additions and alterations to various buildings
  24. ↑ "History of the Sultan Mosque". The Straits Times. 8 July 1993. p. L22.
  25. ↑ Memorial Hall and Tower
  26. ↑ Renovation to Theatre
  27. ↑ In association with John Graham & Co.
  28. ↑ Tan Kar Lin, Ho Weng Hin and Dinesh Naidu (28 June 2007). "Heritage conservation can make good economic sense". The Straits Times.
  29. ↑ "THE CENOTAPH, SINGAPORE. DESIGNED BY DENIS SANTRY OF SWAN …". www.nas.gov.sg. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
  30. ↑ "TOP DESIGN FOR A MEMORIAL". The Straits Times. 31 May 1963. p. 4. Retrieved 31 March 2023 – via NewspaperSG.
  31. 1 2 Additions and alterations
  32. ↑ Conversion to nursing home
  33. ↑ New hospital
  34. ↑ New building
  35. ↑ Sylvia Wong (25 May 1993). "The rise and rise of Singapore's skyscrapers". The Business Times. p. S8.
  36. ↑ In association with Cyril Farey & Dawbarn
  37. ↑ Nur Dianah Suhaimi (5 August 2007). "Please don't turn The Majestic into foodcourt". The Sunday Times.
  38. ↑ In association with Tomlinson & Lermit
  39. ↑ "Swan and Maclaren to design National Library". Business Times. 22 May 1999. p. 3. Retrieved 8 March 2023 – via NewspaperSG.
  40. ↑ "Team splits". The New Paper. 18 January 2001. p. 7. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
  41. ↑ New building, in association with E. Kolle
  42. ↑ "Ocean Towers". Emporis Buildings. Archived from the original on 29 April 2007. Retrieved 14 September 2007.
  43. ↑ 3rd Pavilion
  44. ↑ 4th Pavilion and new wings
  45. ↑ Northern and southern wings
  46. ↑ Original building at Bukit Location
  47. ↑ Modernisation
  48. ↑ Renovation
  49. ↑ Tan Hui Yee (17 February 2005). "St Patrick's chapel compound conserved". The Straits Times.
  50. ↑ Tan Shzr Ee (11 February 2002). "Moving with the Times". The Straits Times.
  51. ↑ In association with Sir Robert Matthew, Johnson-Marshall & Partners
  52. ↑ Resources Centre
  53. ↑ Science Complex
  54. ↑ Extension to Senior Boarding House
  55. ↑ Alicia Yeo (21 February 2002). "Waterboat House set for new lease of life". The Straits Times.
  56. ↑ Llew-Ann Phang (15 December 2006). "Bok House: End of a Legacy". Sun2Surf. Archived from the original on 5 January 2007. Retrieved 1 January 2008.
Bibliography
  • Norman Edwards, Peter Keys (1996). Singapore – A Guide to Buildings, Streets, Places. Singapore: Times Books International. ISBN 9971-65-231-5.
  • Tommy Koh, ed. (2006). Singapore: The Encyclopedia. Singapore: Editions Didier Millet in association with the National Heritage Board. ISBN 981-4155-63-2.
  • Susan Tsang (2007). Discover Singapore: The City's History & Culture Redefined. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish Editions. ISBN 978-981-261-365-3.
  • Jane Beamish, Jane Ferguson (1989). A History of Singapore Architecture: The Making of a City. Singapore: Graham Brash. ISBN 9971-947-97-8.
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