White batflower
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Dioscoreales
Family: Dioscoreaceae
Genus: Tacca
Species:
T. integrifolia
Binomial name
Tacca integrifolia
Ker Gawl., 1812
Synonyms[1]
  • Ataccia aspera (Roxb.) Kunth
  • Ataccia cristata (Jack) Kunth
  • Ataccia integrifolia (Ker Gawl.) C.Presl
  • Ataccia laevis (Roxb.) Kunth
  • Ataccia lancifolia (Zoll. & Moritzi) Kunth
  • Tacca aspera Roxb.
  • Tacca choudhuriana Deb
  • Tacca cristata Jack
  • Tacca laevis Roxb.
  • Tacca lancifolia Zoll. & Moritzi
  • Tacca rafflesiana Jack ex Wall. [Invalid]
  • Tacca sumatrana H.Limpr.

Tacca integrifolia, the white batflower or black lily,[2] is a species of flowering plant in the yam family of Dioscoreaceae. It is native to tropical and subtropical rainforests in hilly regions of South Asia from Pakistan to Bangladesh, Indochina, Malay Peninsular, Sumatra, Java and eastern China.[3]: 389 [4]

Habitat

It grows in the understorey of humid primary and secondary rainforests, growing in the leaf litter in shady sites.[5][3]: 391  It also grows in sandy or rocky soils.[3]: 391 

Description

Tacca integrifolia is a herb growing from a thick, cylindrical rhizome as long as 12 cm (5 in) and a diameter of 3 cm (1 in). Its oblong-elliptical or lanceolate leaf blades are borne on long stems, some 50 by 20 cm (20 by 8 in) including the petioles, with tapering bases and slender pointed tips. White batflowers that grow in hilly areas are larger in size than batflowers that grow elsewhere.[4][6][2][3]: 390, 391 

Umbels

The flower scape is about 55 cm (22 in) long and is topped with a pair of involucral bracts, broad and erect, white with mauve venation. Among the individual nodding flowers, which are arranged in an umbel, are further long, filiform (thread-like) bracts. The perianth of each flower is tubular and purplish-black, 1 to 2 cm (0.4 to 0.8 in) long, with two whorls of three perianth lobes, the outer three narrowly oblong 12–15 cm (5–6 in) long and the inner three broadly obovate.[4][2]

The fruits are fleshy berries some 2 cm (0.8 in) long, and the seeds, which have six longitudinal ridges, have the remains of the perianth lobes still attached.[4]

Ecology

The stamens are attached to the tube of the perianth in a helmet-like manner and, with the flat-topped stigma lobes, may form an insect trap; a sweet musky odour has been detected from these flowers and this may attract flies as pollinators. After pollination, the scape bends over and the developing fruits rest on the ground. The fleshy fruits are a dull colour with soft jelly-like pulp, and it is possible that the seeds are dispersed by rodents and other small mammals as they feed on the fruits.[6]

Use

In the Malay Peninsula, its leaves are dried to make cigarette wrappers.[3]: 391 

References

  1. ↑ "Tacca integrifolia Ker Gawl". World Flora Online. World Flora Consortium. 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  2. 1 2 3 Hsuan Keng; See Chung Chin; Hugh T. W. Tan (1994). The Concise Flora of Singapore. Vol. II: Monocotyledons. Singapore: Singapore University Press. p. 15-16. ISBN 9971-69-207-4.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Drenth, E. (1972). "A revision of the family Taccaceae". Blumea. 20 (2): 367–406 – via Naturalis Institutional Repository.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Wiart, Christophe (2006). Medicinal Plants of the Asia-Pacific: Drugs for the Future?. World Scientific. pp. 688–689. ISBN 978-981-4480-33-8.
  5. ↑ "Tacca integrifolia". Plants Rescue. Retrieved 18 March 2017.
  6. 1 2 Klaus Kubitzki (2013). Flowering Plants. Monocotyledons: Lilianae (except Orchidaceae). Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 425–427. ISBN 978-3-662-03533-7.
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