Toll roads

Loop 1 Toll marker

Chisholm Trail Parkway marker

Sam Houston Tollway marker

Various toll road markers in use in Texas
System information
Formed1957
Highway names
InterstatesInterstate X (I-X)
Interstate Highway X (IH-X)
US HighwaysU.S. Highway X (US X)
StateState Highway X (SH X)
Loops:Loop X
Spurs:Spur X
Recreational:Recreational Road X (RE X)
Farm or Ranch
to Market Roads:		Farm to Market Road X (FM X)
Ranch to Market Road X (RM X)
Park Roads:Park Road X (PR X)
System links

There are approximately 25 current toll roads in the state of Texas.[1] Toll roads are more common in Texas than in many other U.S. states, since the relatively low revenues from the state's gasoline tax limits highway planners' means to fund the construction and operation of highways.[2]

Background

Toll roads, sometimes are seen as a recent addition to travel options for commuters. However, this is not the case. In fact the need for, use of, and discussion of toll roads can be traced back to 1939. According to Richard Weingroff at the Federal Highway Administration:

In the 1939 report to Congress, Toll Roads and Free Roads, the U.S. Bureau of Public Roads (BPR) rejected the toll option for financing Interstate construction because most Interstate corridors would not generate enough toll revenue to retire the bonds that would be issued to finance them. In part, the report attributed this conclusion to "the traffic-repelling tendency of the proposed toll-road system." Although some corridors had enough traffic to support bond financing, the report predicted that motorists would stay on the parallel toll-free roads to a large extent. That conclusion was called into question when the first segment of the Pennsylvania Turnpike, from Carlisle to Irwin, opened on October 1, 1940. It was an instant financial success. Following World War II, the turnpike's continued success prompted other States to use the same financing method. Each State established a toll authority to issue bonds. Revenue from the bonds provided the funds, up front, to pay for construction. Toll revenue allowed the toll authority to repay bond holders with interest and finance administration, maintenance, and operation of the highway.[3]

The use of this toll system is related to the state of Texas as one might infer. For the state of Texas, and more specifically Central Texas has seen a significant growth in recent years. The United States Census Bureau reports that in 2010 Texas had a population just over 25 million citizens.[4] It is estimated that the population grew over five percent in just three years to nearly 26.5 million people. This growth is great for the state of Texas, but has exposed an area of concern. This area of concern is the infrastructure; specifically the lack of thoroughfares that can effectively move the increased vehicle traffic. An answer that has been provided to address this concern is the implementation of toll roads. While not a recent phenomena toll road construction is more prevalent now than in recent years.

The toll roads in Central Texas are governed through the Central Texas Regional Mobility Authority (CTRMA), which is stated to be the creating agency for transportation models to keep up with today's population growth. to promote future road construction which is to alleviate traffic issues within Travis and Williamson Counties[5] Texas is one of few states that has allowed private toll roads.

The idea that toll roads should be privatized, is an idea that stemmed from European models that are evident in Spain, Italy, and England. The European model is called build-operate-transfer (BOT), which is simply a public–private ownership of a roadway (toll road). The idea of a BOT is that a private company will fund, design and construct the planned toll roads and will operate them at the beginning of a project until their contract is fulfilled with a government, in which at the end of the contract the toll road will go under the ownership of...[such] government.[6] Despite the fact for which the CTRMA stands for or wishes to promote, there are many opposers to the expansion of toll roads within Central Texas.

Opinions

A reason in favor of toll roads mentioned in The Texas Tribune was, "that tolls: are "vital" to the state's future mobility planning as Texas tries to close the gap on road funding shortfall.[7] The article explains how the gas tax (38.4 cents per gallon of gas) has not been increased since 1993 and costs of building roadways has increased throughout time supporting the construction of toll roads.[7]

A reason against one of the Central Texas toll projects is that the company that runs the SH 130 toll road has been said by Moody's business rating to have the possibility of defaulting on its debt in 2014 therefore Moody's lowered the business rating to B1.[8] A B1 classification "indicates that the business is pretty risky to lend money to".[9] The sponsors of the toll road are Zachary (a San Antonio, Texas based company), which sponsored 65%, and Cintra (a company based out of Spain) that sponsored 35%. The lenders to the project: TIFIA program under the Federal Highway Administration which contributed $475 million, and several other banks that funded $686 million.[7][8]

Despite the fact that the partner companies (Cintra and Zachary) are defaulting on debt, the chairman for the SH 130 (130 Toll) Concession Company reiterated that in time the project would, "prove a wise investment as drivers look for an alternative to Interstate 35."[7] Even though traffic volume has been low on SH130 Krier (Chairman for the SH 130 Concession Company) went on to state that the company, "...is pretty confident that in the long term, this is going to be a huge transportation asset for the region."[7]

TxDOT is in favor of the toll roads, claiming that it simply does not have the funds to provide the anticipated service requirements of the Texas populace.[10] Phil Russell, director of TxDOT's Texas Turnpike Authority Division, said in a statement, “We simply can’t continue to rely on the gas tax as our sole source of highway funding. In fact, projections are that the state gas tax would need to be raised 600 percent to meet our transportation needs over the next 25 years. Texans tell us that they want relief from traffic congestion now, not later. Toll roads allow us to build roads sooner.” [11]

In Texas the backlash against Toll Roads has culminated in several organizations including the Texas Toll Lawsuit website where approximately 10,000 Texans are building a class action lawsuit against the state. Another organization performing similar activities is Texans United for Reform & Freedom. The purpose of these organizations is to combat what they claim as egregious tolling fines and illegal/immoral practices by the toll road authorities.

Moratorium

Due to the enduring controversy over the future of Texas toll roads, the state legislature overwhelmingly passed a moratorium on all new toll roads in Texas in 2007. The moratorium effectively banned all new proposals for toll roads for two years, until 2009. However, this moratorium was deemed the "Swiss cheese moratorium," as it had a multitude of exemptions placed in it.[12] Specifically, the exemptions allowed almost all the projects in the North Texas/Dallas regions to go forward. The primary concern leading to the moratorium was that the state was hurting taxpayers in the long run by deviating from its tollway authority model and contracting out roads entirely to private companies. Many legislators saw this as problematic, as the primary function of these toll roads would not be to serve the public but to serve as an instrument of profit for private corporations. These companies could raise tolls to whatever the market could bear with little or virtually no public input, and the tolls would continue long after the construction costs were paid for.

Operating agencies

Texas Department of Transportation

Interchange between Interstate 35 and State Highway 45

The Toll Operations Division of the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) builds and operates toll roads throughout the state. It also manages the TxTag electronic toll collection system.

TxDOT operates three toll roads in Greater Austin (collectively named the Central Texas Turnpike System, or CTTS),[13] six managed-access lanes in the Dallas–Fort Worth Metroplex (branded as TEXpress Lanes),[14] and two toll roads in Greater Houston.[15][16]

Public-private partnerships

TxDOT allows for the creation of toll roads and managed-access lanes through public–private partnerships, officially called Comprehensive Development Agreements (CDAs).[17] Under a CDA, the design, construction, and maintenance of the road is paid for by a private operator (typically a consortium of investors) in exchange for the right to collect tolls for an extended period of time. TxDOT retains ownership of the road itself and receives a share of the generated revenue.[18]

At present, five projects in the state are operated through CDAs:[17]

Regional tollway authorities

Regional tollway authorities are state-level political bodies established through multi-county agreements. They may build and operate toll roads within their member counties and adjacent non-member counties, as well as issue bonds backed by toll revenue to fund future projects. They are governed by a board of directors appointed by member counties and the Governor of Texas.[19]

The North Texas Tollway Authority (NTTA) is the only regional tollway authority in the state. Established by Collin, Dallas, Denton and Tarrant counties, NTTA owns and operates all toll roads, toll bridges, and toll tunnels in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. The authority also collects tolls on tolled express lanes in the region on behalf of TxDOT; however, it does not manage the lanes or set prices.

County toll road authorities

County toll road authorities (TRAs) are established by single counties. A county toll road authority is a division of the county in which it is established.

Authority Creation date Notes
Brazoria County Toll Road Authority (BCTRA) 2003 Operates the Brazoria County Expressway in the median of SH 288 within Brazoria County; the toll lanes opened on November 16, 2020, and were free to use until November 30.[20][21]
Chambers County Toll Road Authority (ChCTRA) 20?? Does not yet operate any toll roads
Collin County Toll Road Authority (CoCTRA) 2010 Does not yet operate any toll roads. Created to build and operate the Collin County Outer Loop.[22]
Fort Bend County Toll Road Authority (FBCTRA) 1996 Operates the Fort Bend Parkway Toll Road and the Fort Bend Westpark Tollway in Fort Bend County.
Fort Bend Grand Parkway Toll Road Authority (FBGPTRA) 2009 Branch of the FBCTRA; created to take over a major two-thirds portion of Segment D of SH 99 (Grand Parkway), located in Fort Bend County, from TxDOT;[23] TxDOT retains operation of the remaining, minor, portion of Segment D located in Fort Bend County.
Harris County Toll Road Authority (HCTRA) 1983 Operates the Hardy Toll Road (including the connector to George Bush Intercontinental Airport), Sam Houston Tollway, Westpark Tollway, Fort Bend Toll Road (north of Beltway 8), Katy Managed Lanes in the median of I-10 and the Tomball Tollway within Harris County.
Liberty County Toll Road Authority (LCTRA) 2007 Does not yet operate any toll roads
Montgomery County Toll Road Authority (MCTRA) 2005 Operates the MCTRA 249 Tollway between Harris County line at Spring Creek to F.M. 1774 in Montgomery County.[24] The agency had formerly operated two toll ramps (one from I-45 North to SH 242 West and the other from SH 242 West to I-45 South), with HCTRA collecting the tolls for MCTRA. Tolls were removed on May 28, 2019.[25]
Waller County Transportation Authority (WCTA)
Formerly Waller County Toll Road Authority (WCTRA) [26]		 2010 [26]
2008		 Does not yet operate any toll roads

Regional mobility authorities

In 2001, the State Legislature authorized the creation of the regional mobility authorities (RMAs). These authorities are designed as a means for individual or multiple counties to build, operate, and maintain local toll roads or other transportation projects. These authorities are authorized to issue bonds as well as designate local revenue sources to pay for the initial costs of the projects. The primary purpose for creating the RMAs was to reduce the time and bureaucratic "red tape" in the toll road building process.

Name Creation date Counties of operation [27]
Alamo Regional Mobility Authority (ARMA) 2003 Bexar
Cameron County Regional Mobility Authority (CCRMA) 2004 Cameron
Camino Real Regional Mobility Authority (CRRMA) 2006 El Paso
Central Texas Regional Mobility Authority (CTRMA) 2003 Travis and Williamson
Grayson County Regional Mobility Authority (GCRMA) 2004 Grayson
Hidalgo County Regional Mobility Authority (HCRMA) 2005 Hidalgo
North East Texas Regional Mobility Authority (NETRMA) 2004 Bowie, Cass, Cherokee, Gregg, Harrison, Panola, Rusk, Smith, Titus, Upshur, Van Zandt and Wood
Sulphur River Regional Mobility Authority (SURRMA) 2012 Delta, Hunt and Lamar
Webb County–City of Laredo Regional Mobility Authority (WCCL-RMA) 2014 Webb

Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport

International Parkway (Spur 97) is a road through Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport that provides access to the airport's five terminals and on-site parking. While not officially designated as a toll road,[28] it is generally considered one since it charges a fee for access-control purposes.

The road uses a ticket system that charges travelers based on the time between entrance and exit, allowing the toll plazas to serve as payment for on-site parking.[28] The airport also charges a fee for pass-though travel to reduce congestion.[29]

International Parkway is the only toll road in the state that does not accept TxTag or EZ TAG transponders. However, it does accept TollTag transponders.

Motor assistance programs

The Central Texas Regional Mobility Authority has provided a program to assist disabled drivers. The HERO Program, is a combined effort of "the Central Texas Regional Mobility Authority, in partnership with the Texas Department of Transportation, operates the Highway Emergency Response Operator (HERO) Program—a free roadside assistance program that provides aid to stranded motorists, minimizes traffic congestion and improves highway safety along Interstate 35 in Central Texas... The program is being paid for through a combination of federal and state funds, and it costs roughly $2.3 million a year to provide the service."[30] The Houston area has a similar Motor Assistance Program (M.A.P.) operated by a partnership with Houston's METRO, Texas Department of Transportation, Harris County Sheriff's Department, Houston Automobile Dealers Association, Verizon Wireless and Houston TranStar[31][32]

Operational costs

The cost of operating and maintaining the roadways used by commuters is quite costly. Not all costs are considered when the need for a road is required in a geographic area. Financing tolls collected help the end be reached. The Central Texas Regional Mobility Authority is charged with the management and construction of toll ways in central Texas. According to the CTRMA's Financial/Investor Information information page, "The Mobility Authority uses innovative financial strategies to expedite the funding of needed transportation projects. Our nationally recognized, award-winning approach is using a mix of toll revenue bonds, government loans, toll equity grants, right-of-way donations and other funding sources to develop a transportation network that will help address the region's growing congestion problems."[33] Detailed earnings and investment statements are available for each road under the CTRMA's authority. Use of funds generated by the commuters in central Texas are explained here, as well. One use/benefit of the toll system is the HERO Program.

List

Toll roads

Number Length (mi) Length (km) Southern or western terminus Northern or eastern terminus Formed Removed Notes
Loop 1 Toll 34.8 Parmer Lane in AustinSH 45 in Austin 02006-01-012006current Operated by TxDOT;[lower-alpha 1] continues south of Parmer Lane without tolls
SH 45 Toll 5080 N/SE: I-35 in Austin
SW: Loop 1 in Austin		N/SE: FM 620 in Austin
SW: FM 1626 in Austin		 02006-01-012006current North/Southeast: Operated by TxDOT;[lower-alpha 1] concurrent with SH 130 from US 183 to FM 685
Southwest: Operated by CTRMA; continues west of Loop 1 without tolls
Loop 49 Toll 3251 US 69 in LindaleSH 110 in Tyler 02006-01-012006current Operated by NETRMA;[lower-alpha 2] multi-segment expansion to US 59 proposed
SH 99 Toll 123198 I-69 / US 59 in Sugar LandSH 146 in Baytown 01994-01-011994current Operated by FBGPTRA from I-69/US 59 to Fort Bend Westpark Tollway/FM 1093; operated by TxDOT from Fort Bend Westpark Tollway/FM 1093 to SH 146
SH 130 Toll 87.6141.0 I-10 in SeguinI-35 / SH 195 in Georgetown 02006-01-012006current Operated by the State Highway 130 Concession Company[lower-alpha 3] from I-10 to SH 45; operated by TxDOT[lower-alpha 1] from SH 45 to I-35/SH 195
183 Toll Road 6.710.8 SH 71 in AustinLoyola Lane in Austin 02019-01-012019current Operated by CTRMA; continues both ways without tolls
183A Toll Road 10.717.2 US 183 / SH 45 / RM 620 in Cedar ParkUS 183 in Leander 02007-01-012007current Operated by CTRMA
SH 242 Toll 0.10.16 I-45 in The WoodlandsSH 242 in The Woodlands (westbound only) 02015-05-01201502019-05-012019[34] Tolled ramps connecting I-45 and SH 242 westbound; formerly operated by MCTRA;[lower-alpha 4] now free and operated by TxDOT
SH 249 Toll 16.726.9 Tomball Tollway at Harris/Montgomery county lineFM 1774 in Todd Mission 02019-01-012019[35]current Operated by MCTRA[lower-alpha 4] from Tomball Tollway to Woodtrace Boulevard; operated by TxDOT from Woodtrace Boulevard to FM 1774
SH 255 Toll 22.5[36]36.2 Laredo–Colombia Solidarity International Bridge at Mexico–United States borderI-35 in Laredo 02000-01-01200002017-01-012017[37] Operated by TxDOT; now a freeway
290 Toll Road 6.210.0 US 183 in AustinFM 734 in Manor 02013-01-012013current Operated by CTRMA; continues both ways without tolls
SH 360 Toll 9.7[38]15.6 US 287 in MansfieldCamp Wisdom Road / Sublett Road in Grand Prairie 02018-01-012018current Operated by NTTA
SH 375 Toll 6.410.3 I-10 / US 85 / US 180 in El PasoOregon Street in Downtown El Paso 02019-01-01201902023-01-012023[39] Built by TxDOT as a toll road,[lower-alpha 5] but tolls were never collected; set to become a freeway[39]
SH 550 Toll 34.8 I-69E / US 77 in BrownsvillePort of Brownsville 02009-01-012009current Operated by CCRMA; co-signed as I-169
Addison Airport Toll Tunnel 0.7[40]1.1 Midway Road in AddisonAddison Road in Addison 01999-01-011999current Operated by NTTA
Chisholm Trail Parkway 27.6[41]44.4 Route 67 in CleburneI-30 / US 377 in Fort Worth 02014-01-012014current Operated by NTTA
D/FW Turnpike 3048 US 81 / I-35W in Fort WorthUS 77 / I-35E in Dallas 01957-01-01195701977-01-011977 Formerly operated by the Texas Turnpike Authority; now part of I-30 and operated by TxDOT as a freeway
Dallas North Tollway 33[42]53 I-35E in DallasUS 380 in Frisco 01968-01-011968current Operated by NTTA; extension to FM 121 proposed
Fort Bend Tollway 10.116.3 Sienna Parkway in Missouri CityUS 90 Alt in Houston 01988-01-011988current Operated by FBCTRA from Sienna Parkway to Fort Bend/Harris county line; operated by HCTRA from county line to US 90 Alt
Hardy Toll Road 21.634.8 I-610 in HoustonI-45 in Spring 01988-01-011988current Operated by HCTRA; has one spur connecting to George Bush Intercontinental Airport
International Parkway 7.512.1 SH 183 in EulessSH 114 in Grapevine 01973-01-011973current Operated by DFW Airport
Lewisville Lake Toll Bridge 1.7[43]2.7 East Swisher Road in Lake DallasWest Eldorado Parkway in Lakewood Village 02009-01-012009current Operated by NTTA; road continues on both sides without tolls
Mountain Creek Lake Bridge 2.5[44]4.0 Southeast 14th Street in Grand PrairieMountain Creek Parkway in Dallas 01979-01-011979current Operated by NTTA; road continues on both sides as Spur 303 without tolls
Pres. George Bush Turnpike 52[45]84 I-20 in Grand PrairieI-30 in Garland 01998-01-011998current Operated by NTTA; co-signed as SH 161 and SH 190; 11 mi (18 km) extension to I-20 in Mesquite proposed
Sam Houston Tollway 88.1141.8 Beltway around Houston 01982-01-011982current Operated by HCTRA; four untolled segments signed as Beltway 8
Sam Rayburn Tollway 26[46]42 SH 121 in LewisvilleUS 75 in McKinney 02006-01-012006current Operated by NTTA; originally signed SH 121
Tomball Tollway 7.211.6 I-45 in HoustonSH 249 at Harris/Montgomery county line 02015-01-012015current Operated by HCTRA
Westpark Tollway 2032 FM 1093 in KatyI-610 in Houston 02004-01-012004current Operated by FBCTRA from FM 1093 to Fort Bend/Harris county line; operated by HCTRA from county line to I-610
  1. 1 2 3 operated as part of the Central Texas Turnpike System (CTTS)
  2. ↑ tolled by NTTA
  3. ↑ operated under a CDA with TxDOT
  4. 1 2 tolled by HCTRA
  5. ↑ tolled by CRRMA

Managed lanes

Number Length (mi) Length (km) Southern or western terminus Northern or eastern terminus Formed Removed Notes
Loop 1 Express 10.817.4 Cesar Chavez Street in AustinParmer Lane in Austin 02017-01-012017current Operated by CTRMA

I-10 Toll		 12[47]19 SH 6 in HoustonI-610 (West Loop Freeway) in Houston 02009-01-012009[47]current Operated by HCTRA
Loop 12 Express 2.5[48]4.0 SH 183 Express in IrvingI-35E Express in Dallas 02018-01-012018[48]current Operated by TxDOT[lower-alpha 1]
I-30 Express 12[49]19 President George Bush Turnpike in Grand PrairieSylvan Avenue in Dallas 02017-01-012017[50]current Operated by TxDOT;[lower-alpha 1] a 6.7 mi (10.8 km) extension to Center Street in Arlington is under construction[50]
I-35E Express 19.631.5 Loop 12 Express in DallasFM 2181 in Lake Dallas 02017-01-012017current Operated by LBJ Infrastructure Group[lower-alpha 2] from Loop 12 Express to I-635; operated by TxDOT from I-635 to FM 2181[lower-alpha 3]
I-35W Express 10.116.3 I-30 in Fort WorthUS 287 in Fort Worth 02017-01-012017current Operated by NTE Mobility Partners[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2]
71 Toll Lanes 3.96.3 Presidential Boulevard in AustinSH 130 Toll in Austin 02017-01-012017current Operated by CTRMA
SH 114 Express 14.5[51]23.3 SH 183 in IrvingSH 26 in Grapevine 02017-01-012017[52]current Operated by TxDOT[lower-alpha 1]
SH 121 Express 6.911.1 I-820 in HurstMurphy Drive in Bedford 02014-01-012014current Operated by NTE Mobility Partners[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2] as part of NTE TEXpress; concurrent with SH 183 Express
SH 183 Express 20.633.2 I-820 in HurstMockingbird Lane in Dallas 02014-01-012014current Operated by NTE Mobility Partners[lower-alpha 2] as part of NTE TEXpress from I-820 to Industrial Boulevard; operated by TxDOT from Industrial Boulevard to Mockingbird Lane[lower-alpha 3]
SH 288 Toll 15.024.1 Brazoria County Road 58 in ManvelI-69 / US 59 in Houston 02020-01-012020current Operated by BCTRA from CR 58 to Brazoria/Harris county line; operated by Blueridge Transportation Group[lower-alpha 2] from county line to I-69/US 59[21][lower-alpha 4]
I-635 Express 813 I-35E in DallasUS 75 in Dallas 02015-01-012015current Operated by LBJ Infrastructure Group;[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2] another segment from US 75 to I-30 set to be operated by TxDOT is under construction
I-820 Express 6.410.3 I-35W Express in Fort WorthSH 121 Express / SH 183 Express in Hurst 02014-01-012014current Operated by NTE Mobility Partners[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2] as part of NTE TEXpress
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 tolled by NTTA
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 operated under a CDA with TxDOT
  3. 1 2 both segments tolled by NTTA
  4. ↑ both segments tolled by HCTRA

See also

References

  1. ↑ Batheja, Aman (July 4, 2014). "As Perry Exits, Texas GOP Shifting Away from Toll Roads". The Texas Tribune. Retrieved July 8, 2014.
  2. ↑ Rush, Mike (August 8, 2019). "What the Beep: Why are so many new roads toll roads?". Austin, Texas: KVUE-TV. Retrieved 2023-02-07.
  3. ↑ Weingroff, Richard. "Ask the Rambler: Why Does the Interstate System Include Toll Facilities?". Highway History. Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved November 21, 2014.
  4. ↑ "State & County QuickFacts: Texas". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on October 23, 2013. Retrieved October 24, 2014.
  5. ↑ "About the Mobility Authority". Central Texas Regional Mobility Authority. Retrieved November 2, 2014.
  6. ↑ Poole, Robert. "How Private Toll Roads Work". LexisNexis Academic. Retrieved November 2, 2014.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 Batheja, Aman. "State Invites More Toll Roads Amid Signs of Resistance". The Texas Tribune. Retrieved September 19, 2014.
  8. 1 2 "SH 130 Sponsors Plan Contingent Equity Draw". LexisNexis Academic. Retrieved November 2, 2014.
  9. ↑ "Rating Definitions". Moody's. Retrieved November 2, 2014.
  10. ↑ "TxDOT Running Out of Cash for New Roads". Dallas Morning News.
  11. ↑ Texas Tollways Archived October 18, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  12. ↑ "Perry Signs Legislation to Halt Private Toll Roads". Dallas Morning News.
  13. ↑ "Austin-Area TxDOT Toll Roads". TxTag. Texas Department of Transportation. Retrieved 2023-12-17.
  14. ↑ "Dallas/Fort Worth TEXpress Lanes". TxTag. Texas Department of Transportation. Retrieved 2023-12-17.
  15. ↑ "SH 99 Grand Parkway System". TxTag. Texas Department of Transportation. Retrieved 2023-12-17.
  16. ↑ "State Highway 249 Project". TxTag. Texas Department of Transportation. Retrieved 2023-12-17.
  17. 1 2 "Alternative Delivery projects". Texas Department of Transportation.
  18. ↑ "State reaches $1.3 billion deal to finish toll road". Chron. Hearst Communications. 2006-06-28. Archived from the original on 2011-05-21.
  19. ↑ "Regional Tollway Authority Act" (Texas Transportation Code § 366)
  20. ↑ Brazoria County Expressway – The Future of 288
  21. 1 2 Fresh drive: This is what the new 288 toll road looks like for one of the first drivers Click2Houston.com (KPRC-TV) Published on November 12, 2020, and updated on November 16, 2020 (same-day retrieval)
  22. ↑ Stinton, Marthe (2011-04-06). "County to hear update on Outer Loop". McKinney Courier-Gazette. Star Local Media.
  23. ↑ Sturdivant, Robert Ed (February 29, 2012). Fort Bend Grand Parkway Toll Road Authority Financial Report for the Year Ended September 30, 2011 (PDF) (Report). Fort Bend Grand Parkway Toll Road Authority. Retrieved December 4, 2014.
  24. ↑ Montgomery County Toll Road Authority (MCTRA) SH 249 Retrieved May 8, 2020
  25. ↑ Jules Rogers (May 28, 2019). "Montgomery County Commissioners unanimously remove tolls along Hwy. 242 flyovers". Community Impact Newspaper. Retrieved May 30, 2019.
  26. 1 2 Southern, Joe (January 13, 2010). "Toll road group changes name". Your Houston News. Retrieved May 16, 2015.
  27. ↑ "Regional Mobility Authorities: A Partnership For Progress" (PDF). Texas Department Of Transportation. November 2014. p. ii.
  28. 1 2 Loftis, Randy (2013-09-03). "D/FW Airport switches to new parking and entry control plazas on Wednesday; just don't call them 'toll plazas'". The Dallas Morning News. A.H. Belo Corporation.
  29. ↑ Arnold, Kyle (2019-06-30). "DFW Airport upping fee to $6 for 'pass-through' drivers using it as a shortcut". The Dallas Morning News. A.H. Belo Corporation.
  30. ↑ "HERO Program". Central Texas Regional Mobility Authority. Retrieved October 31, 2014.
  31. ↑ "Motorist Assistance Program (M.A.P.)". Metropolitan Transit Authority. Retrieved December 13, 2014.
  32. ↑ "Motorist Assistance Program". Houston TranStar. Retrieved December 13, 2014.
  33. ↑ "Financial/Investor Information". Central Texas Regional Mobility Authority. Retrieved November 3, 2014.
  34. ↑ Jules Rogers (May 28, 2019), "Montgomery County Commissioners unanimously remove tolls along Hwy. 242 flyovers", Community Impact Newspaper, retrieved May 30, 2019
  35. ↑ https://www.hctra.org/TollRoadMap#OverviewSection Harris County Toll Road Authority - HCTRA System Map
  36. ↑ Transportation Planning and Programming Division (n.d.). "State Highway No. 255". Highway Designation Files. Texas Department of Transportation. Retrieved March 13, 2008.
  37. ↑ https://legiscan.com/TX/text/SB312/id/1625462 Section 228.201(d)
  38. ↑ "360 Tollway". North Texas Tollway Authority. Retrieved 2023-12-24.
  39. 1 2 Montañez, Rosemary (2023-10-26). "Loop 375's Border West Expressway becomes non-tolled state highway, despite being free of charge". KVIA-TV. News-Press & Gazette Company.
  40. ↑ "Addison Airport Toll Tunnel (AATT)". North Texas Tollway Authority. Retrieved 2023-12-24.
  41. ↑ "Chisholm Trail Parkway (CTP)". North Texas Tollway Authority. Retrieved 2023-12-24.
  42. ↑ "Dallas North Tollway (DNT)". North Texas Tollway Authority. Retrieved 2023-12-24.
  43. ↑ "Lewisville Lake Toll Bridge (LLTB)". North Texas Tollway Authority. Retrieved 2023-12-24.
  44. ↑ "Mountain Creek Lake Bridge (MCLB)". North Texas Tollway Authority. Retrieved 2023-12-24.
  45. ↑ "President George Bush Turnpike (PGBT)". North Texas Tollway Authority. Retrieved 2023-12-24.
  46. ↑ "Sam Rayburn Tollway (SRT)". North Texas Tollway Authority. Retrieved 2023-12-24.
  47. 1 2 Harris County Toll Road Authority. "Toll Road Information: Overview". Harris County Toll Road Authority. Retrieved February 23, 2016.
  48. 1 2 "State Loop 12 TEXpress Lanes Project Fact Sheet" (PDF). TEXpress Lanes. Texas Department of Transportation.
  49. ↑ "I-30 TEXPress Lanes". TEXpress Lanes. Texas Department of Transportation.
  50. 1 2 "Interstate 30 TEXpress Lanes Project Fact Sheet" (PDF). TEXpress Lanes. Texas Department of Transportation.
  51. ↑ "SH 114 TEXpress Lanes" (PDF). TEXpress Lanes. Texas Department of Transportation.
  52. ↑ Ballor, Claire (2017-11-03). "New express lanes opening on State Highway 114 in Irving". The Dallas Morning News. A. H. Belo Corporation.
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