Volvo S40
Overview
ManufacturerVolvo Cars
Production1995–2012 (1,026,401 produced)
(S40: 602,910 produced)
(V40 (1995–2004): 423,491 produced)
Body and chassis
ClassSubcompact executive car/Small family car (C)[1][2]
LayoutFront-engine, front-wheel-drive or four-wheel-drive[nb 1]
Chronology
PredecessorVolvo 440/460
SuccessorVolvo V40 II
Polestar 2

The Volvo S40 is a series of subcompact executive cars marketed and produced by the Swedish manufacturer Volvo Cars from 1995 to 2012, offered as a more mainstream alternative to the compact executive Volvo S60 to compete in a lower pricing bracket. The S40 was more or less positioned against premium-leaning small family cars like the Volkswagen Jetta as well as some mass-market large family cars.

The first generation (1995–2004) was introduced in 1995 with the S40 (S from saloon) and V40 (V from versatility, estate) cars.

The second generation (2004–2012) was released in 2004, and the estate variant's name changed to V50.

The range was replaced by the Volvo V40 five door hatchback in 2012.

First generation (1995–2004)

First generation
Overview
Production1995–2004 (1,000,034 units)[3]
Model years1996–2004
Assembly
DesignerPeter Horbury
Body and chassis
Body style
LayoutFront-engine, front-wheel-drive
Related
Powertrain
Engine
  • Petrol:
  • 1.6 L I4
  • 1.8 L I4
  • 1.9 L turbo I4
  • 2.0 L I4
  • 2.0 L turbo I4[nb 2]
  • Diesel:
  • 1.9 L turbo I4
Transmission
  • 5-speed Renault M3P manual
  • 5-speed Renault M5P manual
  • 5-speed Renault M5D manual
  • 5-speed Volvo M56 manual
  • 4-speed Aisin AW50-42LE automatic
  • 5-speed Aisin AW55-50 automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase
  • 1995–2001: 2,550 mm (100.4 in)
  • 2002–2004: 2,557 mm (100.7 in)
Length
  • 2000–2001: 4,470 mm (176.0 in)
  • 2002–2004: 4,521 mm (178.0 in)
Width
  • 2000–2001: 1,720 mm (67.7 in)
  • 2002–2004: 1,717 mm (67.6 in)
Height
  • 2000–2001: 1,410 mm (55.5 in)
  • 2002–2004: 1,423–1,426 mm (56.0–56.1 in)
Kerb weight
  • S40:
  • 1,220–1,392 kg (2,690–3,069 lb)[4]
  • V40:
  • 1,234–1,414 kg (2,721–3,117 lb)[5][6][7]
Chronology
SuccessorVolvo V50 (V40)

During August 1995, Volvo released its new series, with the intention of calling the cars S4[8][9] and F4.[10] However, as Audi had already reserved the "S4" name, Volvo opted to name the range S40 (saloon), and V40 (estate).[11] These cars were manufactured at the Nedcar factory at Born in the Netherlands (a pre Ford joint venture between Volvo and Mitsubishi Motors) and based on a common platform with the Mitsubishi Carisma, later used by the Proton Waja. They were also the last Volvos to be produced at the Born plant; a lineage that had begun in the early 1970s with Volvo's collaboration with DAF that had led to the Volvo 66 and the Volvo 300 series.

In the United Kingdom, it cost approximately 50% more than the related Mitsubishi Carisma. The car helped change perceptions of Volvo: "The S40/V40 range was the car that finally persuaded buyers that Volvo really could build a credible compact executive car",[12] reported the RAC. For the 2000 model year, Volvo expanded the S40/V40's market to North America, where this range went on sale exclusively with the 1.9 liter turbo.[13]

The V40, with a drag coefficient of 0.32,[14] was the first whole model to be introduced under the direction of the British designer Peter Horbury, Volvo’s design director,[14] and was marketed in Australia, South America and the Far East.[14] The V40 was named the ‘Most Beautiful Estate Car in the World’ at an Italian award ceremony.[14] The official premiere was at the Frankfurt Motor Show, in September 1995, with the V40 premiering in December 1995, at the Bologna Motor Show.[15]

In July 2000, Volvo updated the 40 Series ("Phase II"),[16] implementing a number of technical improvements, including improved engine management, diesel direct fuel injection, extra safety features, larger brake discs, new front suspension and steering, revised rear suspension, larger tyres and a wider track.

A minor facelift gave more streamlining, slightly different front wings and front bumper, and larger front indicators, as well as minor instruments and fascia redesign.

The 40 Series cars were equipped with four-cylinder engines, such as a 1.9 turbo diesel or 1.6 (1588 cc), 1.8 (1731 cc, later increased to 1783cc), 2.0T (1948 cc), 1.9 T4 (1855 cc, later increased to 1948cc) or 2.0 (1948 cc) fuel injected gasoline engines all of which are derivatives of the Volvo Modular engine series that started life in the Volvo 960 and carried in both 5 and 6 cyl formats in Volvo's bigger FWD cars.

There was also a 1.8 L (1834 cc) petrol direct injection engine provided by Mitsubishi as part of the platform sharing between the 40 series and the Carisma. The Volvo S40/V40 series was a completely new car from the ground up, only one engine – the 1.9 turbo diesel – carried over from the old 400 Series.

The low (2.0T) and high (1.9 T4) pressure turbo variants were positioned at the top of the motor range. The 2.0T was rounded down and badged as 1.9T and was the only engine available in North America. The five speed manual transmission, widely available in Europe, was not certified in North American S40s, with the five speed automatic as the only option. No electric CVT was planned, unlike the 440 HTA / High Tech Auto CVT that had been released before the 400 series was completely phased out.

In the United Kingdom, trim levels were S, XS, SE and CD. Later on, trim levels offered were supplemented with SE Lux and Sport Lux trim designations. A limited edition 'Xi' trim level was also offered for a short run on Phase 1 and Phase 1.5 cars, often painted yellow with black bezel headlamps.

The Volvo S40 was the first car to earn a four star Euro-NCAP safety rating.

Engines

Petrol engines
ModelEngine codeYear(s)Power at rpmTorque at rpmDisplacement
1.6B4164S1996–1999105 PS (77 kW; 104 hp) at 5500143 N⋅m (105 lb⋅ft) at 42001,587 cc (96.8 in3)
1.6B4164S22000–2004109 PS (80 kW; 108 hp) at 5800145 N⋅m (107 lb⋅ft) at 40001,587 cc (96.8 in3)
1.8B4184S1995–1999115 PS (85 kW; 113 hp) at 5500165 N⋅m (122 lb⋅ft) at 41001,731 cc (105.6 in3)
1.8iB4184SM1998–2001125 PS (92 kW; 123 hp) at 5500174 N⋅m (128 lb⋅ft) at 37501,783 cc (108.8 in3)
2.0B4204S1995–2004140 PS (103 kW; 138 hp) at 6000183 N⋅m (135 lb⋅ft) at 45001,948 cc (118.9 in3)
2.0 TB4204T1998–1999160 PS (118 kW; 158 hp) at 5100230 N⋅m (170 lb⋅ft) at 1800–48001,948 cc (118.9 in3)
2.0 TB4204T22000160 PS (118 kW; 158 hp) at 5100230 N⋅m (170 lb⋅ft) at 1800–48001,948 cc (118.9 in3)
2.0 TB4204T3[17]2001–2004163 PS (120 kW; 161 hp) at 5250240 N⋅m (177 lb⋅ft) at 1800–45001,948 cc (118.9 in3)
2.0 TB4204T4[18]2003–2004[19]172 PS (127 kW; 170 hp) at 5500240 N⋅m (180 lb⋅ft) at 1800–50001,948 cc (118.9 in3)
T4B4204T52001-2003200 PS (147 kW; 197 hp) at 5500300 N⋅m (221 lb⋅ft) at 2500–40001,948 cc (118.9 in3)
T4B4194T1998–1999200 PS (147 kW; 197 hp) at 5500300 N⋅m (221 lb⋅ft) at 2400–36001,855 cc (113.2 in3)
Diesel engines
ModelEngine codeYear(s)Power at rpmTorque at rpmDisplacement
1.9DD4192T1996–199990 PS (66 kW; 89 hp) at 4250176 N⋅m (130 lb⋅ft) at 22501,900 cc (115.9 in3)
1.9DD4192T21999–200095 PS (70 kW; 94 hp) at 4000190 N⋅m (140 lb⋅ft) at 20001,870 cc (114.1 in3)
1.9DD4192T32000–2004116 PS (85 kW; 114 hp) at 4000265 N⋅m (195 lb⋅ft) at 1750–32501,870 cc (114.1 in3)
1.9DD4192T42000–2004102 PS (75 kW; 101 hp) at 4000215 N⋅m (159 lb⋅ft) at 1750–32501,870 cc (114.1 in3)

Sales

S40

Calendar year United States[20]Canada
2000 29,8621,682
2001 22,4511,735
2002 15,3831,454
2003 13,0581,195
2004 4,726279

V40 sales

Calendar yearWorldwide
2000 156,498 (S40/V40 combined)[21]
2001 69,012[22]
2002 61,475[23]
2003 53,592
2004

Total Produced 423,491[24]

Motorsport

Gianni Morbidelli competing in the 1998 British Touring Car Championship in a Volvo S40

The S40 was homologated for racing in the Super Touring category on 1 January 1997.[25] It competed in the British Touring Car Championship with Tom Walkinshaw Racing between 1997 and 1999 with Rickard Rydell winning the 1998 title. In Australia, Rickard Rydell and Jim Richards won the 1998 AMP Bathurst 1000. The S40 also competed in the Australian Super Touring Championship with Volvo Dealer Racing in 1998 and 1999, with Volvo winning the Manufacturers Championship in its second year. It also competed in the Swedish Touring Car Championship and the 2003 Norwegian Touring Car Championship.

Second generation (2004–2012)

For the wagon variant, see Volvo V50, for convertible variant, see Volvo C70, for hatchback, see Volvo C30

Second generation
Overview
Production2004–2012
Model years2004–2012
Assembly
DesignerFedde Talsma[27]
Body and chassis
Body style4-door saloon
LayoutFront-engine, front-wheel-drive or four-wheel-drive
PlatformVolvo P1 platform[28]
Related
Powertrain
Engine1.6 L I4 (petrol)
1.8 L I4 (petrol)
2.0 L I4 (petrol/ethanol)
2.4 L I5 (petrol)
2.5 L turbo I5 (petrol)
1.6 L I4 (diesel)
2.0 L I4 (diesel)
2.0 L I5 (diesel)
2.4 L I5 (diesel)
Transmission
  • 5-speed Volvo M56 manual
  • 6-speed Volvo M66 manual
  • 5-speed Aisin AW55-50 automatic
  • 6-speed Aisin TF-80SC automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase2,640 mm (103.9 in)
Length
  • 2004–2005:
  • 4,468 mm (175.9 in)
  • 2006–2007:
  • 4,475 mm (176.2 in)
  • 2008–2012:
  • 4,483 mm (176.5 in)
Width1,770 mm (69.7 in)
Height
  • FWD:
  • 1,452 mm (57.2 in)
  • AWD:
  • 1,470 mm (57.9 in)
Curb weight
  • FWD:
  • 1,435–1,505 kg (3,164–3,318 lb)
  • AWD:[29][30]
  • 1,552–1,579 kg (3,422–3,481 lb)
Volvo S40 pre-facelift
Volvo C70, hardtop convertible based on the same platform

Introduced in the beginning of 2004, the second generation S40 (known as the 2004.5 Volvo S40) introduced a new design based on the Volvo P1 platform built at the Volvo Cars factory in Ghent, Belgium. At the same time, the V40 was replaced by the estate V50, also based on the P1 platform and built in Ghent.

The S40 was nominated for the World Car of the Year award for 2005, and won the Canadian Car of the Year Best New Sport Compact award for 2005. It was also elected the South African Car of the Year for 2005 by the South African Guild of Motoring Journalists.

The chassis for this car and the majority of its components were developed by Volvo, however similar mechanical components can be found in the Mazda3 and the European Ford Focus.[31] It had the latest generation of Volvo's modular five cylinder engines.

The inline fives were frequently improved upon by Volvo since the engine's debut in 1991 for the 1992 model year Volvo 850. The top-of-the-line S40/V50 T5 AWD, as well as the 2.4 and 2.4i, powertrain is still made by Volvo. The transmission is developed with Getrag at Volvo's Koping Transmission Center in Sweden, and the AWD system bought from Haldex Traction of Sweden.

The S40/V50 T5 (one of the several variants) features the 2.5 L B5254T3 (later B5254T7) (2521 cc) five-cylinder fuel-injected engine with a high pressure turbocharger. The valvetrain has four valves per cylinder and is a DOHC design.

The engine is transversely mounted at the front of the vehicle and was available with the M66W (front wheel drive) or M66C (all wheel drive) drivetrains. In the United States, the manual (six speed) transmission was only available on the V50 in 2006, 2007 and 2010 and only with AWD and R-line trim.

The initial 2.0 diesel engine was the DW10, produced by PSA. A new range of engines and transmissions were introduced at the end of May 2010 (see "engine specifications" below).

There was also 1.8 L (Mazda L engine) petrol version available in the European markets.

Volvo S40 parked next to Volvo V50, a station wagon variant.

Engines

Petrol engines
ModelEngine codeModel year(s)Power at rpmTorque at rpmDisplacementComment
1.6B4164S2 B4164S32005–2012100 PS (74 kW; 99 hp) at 6000150 N⋅m (111 lb⋅ft) at 40001,596 cc (97.4 in3)I4 16V Multipoint fuel injection
1.8B4184S2 B4184S112005–2010125 PS (92 kW; 123 hp) at 6000165 N⋅m (122 lb⋅ft) 40001,798 cc (109.7 in3)I4 16V Multipoint fuel injection
1.8F FlexifuelB4184S2 B4184S82006–2010125 PS (92 kW; 123 hp) at 6000165 N⋅m (122 lb⋅ft) 40001,798 cc (109.7 in3)I4 16V Multipoint fuel injection (E85 compatible)
2.0B4204S5 B4204S32004–2012145 PS (107 kW; 143 hp) at 6000185 N⋅m (136 lb⋅ft) 45001,999 cc (122.0 in3)I4 16V Multipoint fuel injection
2.0F FlexifuelB4204S42011–2012145 PS (107 kW; 143 hp) at 6000185 N⋅m (136 lb⋅ft) 45001,999 cc (122.0 in3)I4 16V Multipoint fuel injection (E85 compatible)
2.4B5244S52004–2010140 PS (103 kW; 138 hp) 5000220 N⋅m (162 lb⋅ft) 40002,435 cc (148.6 in3)I5 20V Multipoint fuel injection
2.4iB5244S42004–2010170 PS (125 kW; 168 hp) 6000230 N⋅m (170 lb⋅ft) 44002,435 cc (148.6 in3)I5 20V Multipoint fuel injection
T5B5254T32005–2008220 PS (162 kW; 217 hp) 5000320 N⋅m (236 lb⋅ft) 1500-48002,521 cc (153.8 in3)I5 20V Turbo Multipoint fuel injection
T5B5254T72008–2012230 PS (169 kW; 227 hp) 5000320 N⋅m (236 lb⋅ft) 1500-50002,521 cc (153.8 in3)I5 20V Turbo Multipoint fuel injection
Diesel engines
ModelEngine codeModel year(s)Power at rpmTorque at rpmDisplacementComment
1.6DD4164T2005–2010109 PS (80 kW; 108 hp) at 4000240 N⋅m (177 lb⋅ft) at 17501,560 cc (95.2 in3)I4 16v Turbo Multipoint direct fuel injection
1.6D DRIVeD4164T2005–2010109 PS (80 kW; 108 hp) at 4000240 N⋅m (177 lb⋅ft) 17501,560 cc (95.2 in3)I4 16v Turbo Multipoint direct fuel injection
D2D4162T2011–2012115 PS (85 kW; 113 hp) at 3600270 N⋅m (199 lb⋅ft) 17501,560 cc (95.2 in3)I4 8v Turbo Common rail direct injection
D2 DRIVeD4162T2011–2012115 PS (85 kW; 113 hp) at 3600270 N⋅m (199 lb⋅ft) 17501,560 cc (95.2 in3)I4 8v Turbo Common rail direct injection
2.0DD4204T2004–2010136 PS (100 kW; 134 hp) 4000320 N⋅m (236 lb⋅ft) 20001,997 cc (121.9 in3)I4 16v Turbo Multipoint direct fuel injection
2.0D (France)D4204T22005–2006133 PS (98 kW; 131 hp) 4000320 N⋅m (236 lb⋅ft) 20001,997 cc (121.9 in3)I4 16v Turbo Multipoint direct fuel injection
D3D5204T52011–2012150 PS (110 kW; 148 hp) 3500350 N⋅m (258 lb⋅ft) 1500-27501,984 cc (121.1 in3)I5 20v Turbo Common rail direct injection
D4D5204T2011–2012177 PS (130 kW; 175 hp) 3500400 N⋅m (295 lb⋅ft) 1500-27501,984 cc (121.1 in3)I5 20v Turbo Common rail direct injection
D5D5244T82006–2010180 PS (132 kW; 178 hp) 4000350 N⋅m (258 lb⋅ft) 1750-32502,400 cc (146.5 in3)I5
2.4D (Belgium)D5244T92007–2008163 PS (120 kW; 161 hp) 5500340 N⋅m (251 lb⋅ft) 1750-27502,400 cc (146.5 in3)I5
D5 (Belgium)D5244T92009–2010163 PS (120 kW; 161 hp) 4000340 N⋅m (251 lb⋅ft) 1750 – 30002,400 cc (146.5 in3)I5
D5D5244T132009–2010180 PS (132 kW; 178 hp) 4000400 N⋅m (295 lb⋅ft) 2000 – 27502,400 cc (146.5 in3)I5

Marketing

Volvo launched an advertising campaign for the S40 titled The Mystery of Dalarö, using a documentary style video approach. The eight minute film was credited to fictitious Venezuelan film maker Carlos Soto. In fact, as was disclosed later, it was directed by Spike Jonze.

The film is set on 25 October 2003, where 32 people supposedly purchased a Volvo S40, at the same local Volvo dealership in Dalarö, a small village to the south east of Stockholm.[32] In addition to this film, a four minute documentary of the documentary, calling into question the validity of the events, was posted as Soto's "personal edit" on his alleged homepage.[33]

The S40 was the first Volvo car to be launched in China by the brand under the Changan Ford joint venture and commenced production in March 2006. Engines choices consisted of the 2.0, 2.4 and 2.5 litre petrol engines paired with either a 5 speed manual or 6 speed dual clutch gearbox.

Facelift

Facelift Volvo S40 T5 (Australia)
Facelift Volvo S40 T5 (Australia)

The S40 was refreshed for April 2007. Improvements include improved audio systems, increased storage space and new safety features like emergency brake lights which flash rapidly during hard braking to alert traffic behind the car. The new S40 also comes with optional active bi xenon headlights which point the light beam in the direction of the road as it curves (standard in SE Lux models).

There was also an optional BLIS (blind spot information system) camera located on the side mirrors which alerts the driver of passing vehicles beside the car.

Volvo released the 2.0 litre diesel Powershift on the third week of February 2008, except in Ireland, where it was released in the last week of May, because of delivery intervals.

The T5 model received a new engine (the B5254T7) with a performance increase of 9 hp (6.7 kW), giving an output of 227 hp (169 kW)at the crank The D5 engine became available with a manual gearbox offering 520 N⋅m (380 ft⋅lbf) of torque and an automatic transmission offering 490 N⋅m (360 ft⋅lbf) in the second half of 2007.

The model of 2009 saw rear end boot lid changes, with wider spacing of the 'Volvo' lettering and larger characters, as in the newer Volvo models.[34]

In 2010, the new, larger, circular Volvo logo appeared on the front grille, in the United States, a manual transmission was briefly available with the T5 AWD version. In North America, the naturally aspirated five cylinder engine, all wheel drive, and manual transmission were all dropped for the model year of 2011, leaving only the automatic, front wheel drive T5 in base and R-Design trims.[35] The model year of 2011 was the last for the S40 in the United States and Canada.

Engine specifications (2011)

From the end of May 2010, a new range of engines were available for the so called "2011 model".[36]

The range now included three petrol engines (1.6, 2.0 and T5, the latter only available with front-wheel drive and automatic transmission), four diesel engines (the existing DRIVe and the new D2, D3 and D4) and the 2.0F flexible-fuel engine that can run either on normal petrol or E85, an ethanol petrol mixture. Production ended in May 2012.

The updated 2.0 and T5 and the new D2, D3 and D4 are compliant with the Euro 5 emission standard (the rest are Euro 4 compliant), and the DRIVe included a start-stop system for reduced fuel consumption and emissions.[37] New six speed gearboxes are used in the D2 (manual: B6 D2), D3 and D4 (manual: M66D, automatic: Aisin AWF21).[38]

Specification S40 1.6 S40 1.6 (2010) S40 2.0 S40 T5 S40 DRIVe S40 D2 S40 D3 (*) S40 D4 S40 2.0F FLEXIFUEL
Engine Type 4-cyl.4-cyl. Turbo4-cyl.5-cyl. Turbo4-cyl. Turbo4-cyl. Turbo5-cyl. Turbo5-cyl. Turbo4-cyl.
Fuel PetrolPetrolPetrolPetrolDieselDieselDieselDieselPetrol/E85
Valves 16161620168202016
cc 159615961999252115601560198419841999
Power kW 741101071698084110130107
PS 100150145227109115150177145
at rpm 600060006000500040003600350035006000
Torque Nm 150195185490240270350400185
at rpm 400045001500–5000175017501500–27501750–27501750–2750
Transmission manual 5-speed5-speed—6 speed6-speed6-speed6-speed6-speed
auto ——5-speed5-speed—6-speed6-speed—
Top speed manual 185 km/h220 km/h210 km/h275 km/h190 km/h195 km/hN/A (*)220 km/h210 km/h
auto ——235 km/h275 km/h—N/A (*)215 km/h—
0–100 km/h (0-62 mph) manual 11.9 s6.8 s9.5 s5.7s11.4 s9.5 s8.7 s9.5 s
auto ———6.2s—9.6 s8.8 s—
Fuel consumption l/100 km

(urban/extra-urban/combined)

 manual 9.2/5.8/7.110.8/5.7/7.6——5.2/3.8/4.37.0/4.0/5.07.0/4.0/5.010.9/5.8/7.7
auto ——13.5/6.5/9.0-/-/10.1—7.6/4.5/5.67.6/4.5/5.6—
CO2 emissions manual 169 g/km176 g/km—104 g/km114 g/km134 g/km134 g/km183 g/km
auto ——211 g/km——149 g/km149 g/km—

(*) Available from September 2010

Note updated: In 2012 the last variant of the S40 2.0 Comfort, was the same 2.0 Petrol Engine, but with a PowerShift 6 speed automatic transmition. Adding to this, was a little differences in headlights and tail lights.

S40 sales

Calendar year United States[20]Canada[40]Sweden[41]Global[42]
2004 19,5221,269
2005 24,4112,030
2006 24,7291,4313,70572,329
2007 18,2151,0993,27163,062
2008 9,6866832,03648,950
2009 7,9567581,39636,954
2010 5,6238181,18231,688
2011 2,9844781,16923,621[43]
2012 51067212,354

Total produced: 602,910 (1995–2012)[44]

See also

  • Volvo V50, estate variant of the second generation
  • Volvo C30, three door hatchback bearing the same design as the second generation
  • Volvo C70, coupé and convertible version of both the first and the second generation
  • Volvo S70, mid size car bearing a similar front end design with the first generation

Notes

  1. ↑ The second generation only.
  2. ↑ Standard in North American models and only available in North America rebadged as 1.9T

References

  1. ↑ "Official Volvo S40 1997 safety rating".
  2. ↑ "Volvo S40".
  3. ↑ "Volvo S40 Production Statistics". Retrieved 2018-01-03.
  4. ↑ "S40 Technical specifications" (PDF). Volvo Car Corporation. 1997. p. 3. Retrieved 2018-01-06.
  5. ↑ "2001 Volvo S40 & V40 owner's manual". new.volvocars.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 2000. p. 127. Retrieved 2018-01-03.
  6. ↑ "Volvo V40 technical specifications" (PDF). Volvo Car UK Ltd. April 2003. Retrieved 2018-01-06.
  7. ↑ "2003 Volvo S40 & V40 owner's manual". new.volvocars.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 2002. p. 127. Retrieved 2018-01-03.
  8. ↑ John Tylee (10 November 1995). "NEWS: Abbott Mead wins Euro Volvo launch". Retrieved 2018-01-03.
  9. ↑ Diana T. Kurylko (4 September 1995). "Shake up at Volvo". www.autonews.com. Retrieved 2018-01-03.
  10. ↑ "Volvo Model Year Range 1996" (PDF). Volvo Car UK Ltd. October 1995. p. 3. Retrieved 2018-01-06.
  11. ↑ Av Redaktionen (22 September 2010). "Audi S1 var nära, mycket nära" [The Audi S1 was close, very close]. Auto, Motor & Sport (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 2017-09-09. Retrieved 2018-01-06.
  12. ↑ RAC Reviews http://www.rac.co.uk/drive/car-reviews/volvo/s40/207816/
  13. ↑ "2000-2004 Volvo S40/V40". www.consumerguide.com. Consumer Guide Automotive. 28 July 2014. Retrieved 2021-09-28.
  14. 1 2 3 4 "Volvo V40 model year 2003" (PDF) (Press release). Volvo Car UK Ltd. 2003. p. 4. Retrieved 2018-01-06.
  15. ↑ "1990 – 1999: A historical review". www.media.volvocars.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 8 January 2000. Retrieved 2018-01-06.
  16. ↑ "Redbook". Redbook. Retrieved 2011-11-13.
  17. ↑ "2001 Volvo S40 & V40 owner's manual". new.volvocars.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 2000. p. 123. Retrieved 2018-01-03.
  18. ↑ "2003 Volvo S40 & V40 owner's manual". new.volvocars.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 2002. p. 123. Retrieved 2018-01-03.
  19. ↑ "2004 Volvo S40 & V40 owner's manual". new.volvocars.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 2003. p. 123. Retrieved 2018-01-03.
  20. 1 2 "Welcome to VolvoCars-PR.com". www.media.volvocars.com. Archived from the original on 2011-10-09. Retrieved 2011-06-15.
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