In early May 2020, troops of the People's Liberation Army and Indian Army engaged in melee at locations along the notional Line of Actual Control (LAC), the disputed boundary between China and India.[1][2] It escalated on 15/16 June 2020 resulting in deaths on both sides. Indian sources reported the deaths of 20 Indian soldiers and casualties of at least 45 Chinese soldiers.[3][4] China reported 4 deaths.[5][6] On 7 September, for the first time in 45 years, shots were fired along the LAC, with both sides blaming each other for the firing.[7][8] Indian media also reported that Indian troops fired warning shots at the PLA on 30 August.[9]

Most experts point out that Indian infrastructure construction along the LAC troubled the Chinese and was one of the multiple major triggers.[10][11] Multiple rounds of diplomatic and military talks followed, including the corps-commander-level meetings, and meetings of existing border dispute management and resolution mechanisms.[12][13] The 13th round of corps-commander talks took place on 10 October 2021.[14][15] Incomplete, partial and complete disengagement and de-escalation has been announced at various locations respectively.[16][17]

The 2020–2022 China–India skirmishes are a part of the larger Sino-Indian border dispute. This is a timeline of events that stretches over the period of the 2020–2022 China–India skirmishes.

2020

May
June
July
  • 3 – Indian Prime Minister Modi visits military posts in Ladakh and delivers a speech saying that the "age of expansionism" is over.[36]
    PM Modi paying tribute to the fallen soldiers in Ladakh. B. Santosh Babu can be seen in the photograph closest to the Prime Minister.
  • 3 – China's Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) says India should avoid a "strategic miscalculation" with regard to China.[31]
  • 5 – Discussion between special representatives (SRs) National Security Advisor of India, Ajit Doval and Foreign Minister of China, Wang Yi.[37]
  • 10 – Chinese Ambassador to India warns India.[31]
  • 10 – 16th WMCC meeting.[38]
  • 14 – Fourth round of corps-commanders talks.[39]
  • 24 – Diplomatic talks between the two countries regarding disengagement.[40]
  • 28 – Chinese MFA states disengagement at most locations completed and "the situation on the ground is de-escalating and the temperature on the ground is coming down".[31]
  • 30 – Indian MEA states, "there has been some progress towards this objective but the disengagement process has not been completed".[31]
  • 30 – Chinese ambassador Sun Weidong claimed that unilaterally clarifying the LAC would cause more disputes.[41]
August
  • 2 – Fifth round of three-star general-level China India talks at Chushul-Moldo BPM point.[42]
  • 5 – China Study Group announces that China's "mutual and equal" disengagement proposal at Pangong Tso is unacceptable.[43]
  • 8 – Major-general level talks at BPM DBO.[44]
  • 14 – Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi visits Tibet.[45]
  • 20 – WMCC virtual meeting.[46]
  • 29/30 – India takes control of multiple heights along the Kailash Range.[47] Indian Army and PLA face-off for the first time on the southern bank of Pangong Tso.[48][49]
September
  • 1 – Brigade commander-level meeting at Chushul-Moldo to discuss 29/30 August tension at Chushul.[50]
  • 1 – Foreign ministry spokespersons of both China and India deliver statements on 29/30 August tension at Chushul.[51]
  • India and China hold high-level talks on 4 September 2020, Moscow
    4 – Indian Defence Minister Rajnath Singh and his Chinese counterpart General Wei Fenghe hold talks on the sidelines of a Shanghai Cooperation Organisation meeting.[52]
  • 5 – Brigadier-level talks at Chushul for de-escalation on the south bank of Pangong Tso fail.[53]
  • 7 – China and India blame each other for firing warning shots on the south bank of Pangong Tso.[54]
  • 10 – Foreign affairs ministers of China and India meet in Moscow and agree upon five point joint statement.[55]
  • 22 – Sixth round of corps-commanders commanders meeting takes place. Indian MEA and Indo-Tibetan Border Police representatives were also part of the talks.[56]
  • 30 – Fifth round of diplomatic talks took place; overall this was the 19th meeting of the WMCC; WMCC's sixth virtual meeting during these skirmishes.[57][46]
October
  • 13 – Seventh round of corps-commanders talks in Chushul.[58]
  • 19 – A Chinese soldier identified as Corporal Wang Ya Long apprehended after he inadvertently crosses over into Indian territory in the Demchok sector of eastern Ladakh.[59]
  • 21 – Corporal Wang Ya Long released from Indian custody after completion of due protocols and formalities.[59]
November
  • 6 – Eighth round of corps-commanders talks in Chushul.[60]
December
  • 18 – Another round of WMCC talks take place.[61]

2021

January
  • 6 – Indian Defence Ministry's year end review for 2020 mentions usage of "unorthodox weapons" by China.[62]
  • 9 – A Chinese soldier was captured in Ladakh by the Indian Army.[63] The soldier was returned on 11 January.[64]
  • 20 – A "minor" border clash took place in Naku La, Sikkim.[65] Chinese mouthpiece and foreign ministry spokesperson denies any information about clash.[66]
  • 24 – Ninth round of corps-commanders talks.[67]
February
  • 10 – Russian News Agency TASS reports that at least '45 Chinese servicemen' were killed in May and June 2020.[68]
  • 11 – Initial and partial disengagement of Indian and Chinese troops near Pangong Lake takes place.[69]
  • 19 – China announces the deaths of four of its soldiers during the 2020 Galwan clash.[70]
    The tombstone of PLA Battalion Commander Chen Hongjun, awarded the July 1 Medal posthumously for defending Galwan.[71]
  • 21 – Tenth round of corps-commanders talks.[72] India's Ministry of External Affairs publishes joint press release.[73]
  • 22 – Both Chinese and Indian troops complete the pull-back of forces from Pangong Lake.[74][75]
  • 24 – Indian Army Chief Naravane states that de-escalation is "still a long way off".[76]
March
April
  • 9 – Eleventh round of corps-commanders talks.[78]
May
  • 23 – The Indian Army denies a report published in The Hindu about a minor face-off taking place in Galwan in early May 2021.[79]
July
  • 13 – In "pin-prick tactics", PLA troops enter Demchok sector and protest against Dalai Lama's birthday; a village community center was marking the occasion.[80]
  • 26 – Chinese "civilians" enter Indian area at Charding Nala in Demchok sector and set up tents and refuse to leave.[81]
  • 31 – Twelfth round of corps-commanders talks.[82]
August
October
  • 10 – Thirteenth round of corps-commanders talks.[15]
December
  • China and India continue to maintain and expand their border infrastructure.[87][88]

2022

January
  • 4 – Construction and upgradation of border infrastructure continues. China began construction of a bridge on the Pangong Tso, around 40 kilometres from the LAC in that area.[89] India inaugurated the Umling La section of the Chisumle-Demchok road during the previous week.[89]
  • 12 – Fourteenth round of corps-commanders talks. Joint statement issued unlike the last meet when independent statements were issued.[90][91]
  • 26 – Both countries mark India's Republic Day at Chushul-Moldo and DBO-TWD border personnel meeting points.[92]
February
  • 15 - India banned 54 more apps that were duplicates of the apps it had banned [93]
December
  • 9 –The Indian army said there had been a clash in the Tawang sector of Arunachal Pradesh state[94]

See also

 Border diplomacy:
↓Formation of JWG
↓2005 agreement (1) (2)
↓2003 agreement
↓5 point statement
↓Border talks resume
 Major border events:
8 rounds border talks
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India China border relations since 1962. Major border incidents and border diplomacy.

References

  1. ↑ Chhina, Man Aman Singh; Kaushik, Krishn (11 May 2020). "Indian and Chinese troops clash in Sikkim, Ladakh". The Indian Express. Retrieved 24 September 2021.
  2. ↑ Singh, Sushant (22 May 2020). "India-China conflict in Ladakh: The importance of Pangong Tso lake". The Indian Express. Retrieved 24 September 2021.
  3. 1 2 Som, Vishnu (22 June 2020). Ghosh, Deepshikha (ed.). "At Talks, China Confirms Commanding Officer Was Killed in Ladakh: Sources". NDTV. Retrieved 24 September 2021.
  4. ↑ "India soldiers killed in clash with Chinese forces". BBC News. 16 June 2020. Retrieved 24 September 2021.
  5. ↑ "Ladakh: China reveals soldier deaths in India border clash". BBC News. 19 February 2021. Retrieved 24 September 2021.
  6. ↑ Lee Myers, Steven (19 February 2021). "China Acknowledges 4 Deaths in Last Year's Border Clash With India". NY Times. Retrieved 24 September 2021.: "An American intelligence official said last summer that China had deliberately concealed its soldiers' deaths, suggesting that between 20 and 30 had perished."
  7. ↑ Gettleman, Jeffrey (8 September 2020). "Shots Fired Along India-China Border for First Time in Years". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 24 September 2021.
  8. ↑ Kaushik, Krishn (9 September 2020). "First time in 45 years, shots fired along LAC as troops foil China's bid to take a key height". The Indian Express. Retrieved 24 September 2021.
  9. ↑ Singh, Vijaita (11 September 2020). "LAC standoff | Officials confirm two incidents of firing at south bank of Pangong Tso". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 24 September 2021.
  10. ↑ Singh, Sushant (26 May 2020). "Indian border infrastructure or Chinese assertiveness? Experts dissect what triggered China border moves". The Indian Express. Retrieved 24 September 2021.
  11. ↑ Wahid, Siddiq (11 June 2020). "There is a Global Dimension to the India-China Confrontation in Ladakh". The Wire (India). Retrieved 24 September 2021.
  12. ↑ Mitra, Devirupa (6 June 2020). "Ahead of Border Talks With China, India Still Unclear of Reason Behind Troops Stand-Off". The Wire (India). Archived from the original on 6 June 2020. Retrieved 24 September 2021. On Saturday, Indian and Chinese military officials of Lieutenant General-rank are likely to meet at a border personnel meeting (BPM)... The various BPM meetings – led first by colonels, then brigadiers and then finally over three rounds by major general-rank officers – have until now yielded no results.
  13. ↑ "India-China faceoff: 11th round of Corps Commander-level talks make no headway". The New Indian Express. 10 April 2021. Retrieved 24 September 2021.
  14. ↑ Philip, Snehesh Alex (1 August 2021). "12th round of Indo-China military talks done, movement 'expected' in Gogra & Hot Springs". ThePrint. Retrieved 24 September 2021.
  15. 1 2 Ghoshal, Devjyot; Crossley, Gabriel (11 October 2021). "India, China trade blame for break down in border talks". Reuters. Retrieved 13 October 2021.
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  20. 1 2 3 Singh, Rahul (17 June 2020). "A timeline: India-China's deadliest border clash since 1975 explained". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 20 September 2020. Retrieved 28 August 2020.
  21. ↑ Krishnan, Ananth (26 May 2020). "Chinese President Xi Jinping meets PLA, urges battle preparedness". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 13 September 2020. Retrieved 12 September 2020.
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  23. ↑ Gill, Prabhjote (29 May 2020). "India says there are five treaties to push the Chinese army behind the Line of Actual Control⁠ – while experts tell Modi to remain cautious". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 4 June 2020. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
  24. 1 2 Gupta, Shishir (5 June 2020). "Ahead of today's meet over Ladakh standoff, India signals a realistic approach". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 5 June 2020. Retrieved 28 August 2020.
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  27. ↑ "China Ups Rhetoric, Warns India of 'Severe Consequences' for Violent Clash". The Wire. 25 June 2020. Archived from the original on 1 September 2020. Retrieved 28 August 2020.
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  29. ↑ Pandit, Rajat (19 June 2020). "India China border news: Another round of Major General-level talks between India and China today after 10 Indian soldiers released". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 20 June 2020. Retrieved 28 August 2020. TOI had taken an editorial call to not report about the 10 Indian soldiers in PLA's captivity before they safely returned to their unit.
  30. ↑ Laskar, Rezaul H; Singh, Rahul; Patranobis, Sutirtho (18 June 2020). "India warns China of serious impact on ties, Modi talks of 'befitting' reply". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 17 June 2020. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
  31. 1 2 3 4 5 Surie, Nalin (9 August 2020). "DPG Policy Update Vol. V, Issue 30: China's Post-Galwan Posture" (PDF). Delhi Policy Group. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 October 2020. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
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  33. ↑ "15th Meeting of the Working Mechanism for Consultation & Coordination on India-China Border Affairs". Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India. 24 June 2020. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
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  35. ↑ Swami, Praveen (1 July 2020). "China Agrees Parameters for Galwan Valley Pullback, But No Breakthrough on Pangong in Round 3 of LAC Talks". News18. Archived from the original on 2 July 2020. Retrieved 1 July 2020.
  36. ↑ Pasricha, Anjana (3 July 2020). "On Disputed India-China Border, Modi Says Age of Expansionism Over". Voice Of America. Archived from the original on 4 July 2020. Retrieved 3 July 2020.
  37. ↑ Tiwary, Deeptiman; Singh, Sushant; Kaushik, Krishn (7 July 2020). "In Galwan, both sides agree: Troops step back 1.8 km, 30 soldiers each in tents". The Indian Express. Archived from the original on 7 July 2020. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  38. ↑ "China and India Hold the 16th Meeting of the Working Mechanism for Consultation and Coordination on China-India Border Affairs". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China. 10 July 2020. Archived from the original on 8 February 2021. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
  39. ↑ Kaushik, Krishn (3 August 2020). "Fifth round of talks held amid stalemate in Pangong Tso". The Indian Express. Archived from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
  40. ↑ "Military commanders of India and China hold fifth round of talks on border row". The Times of India. PTI. 2 August 2020. Archived from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
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  42. ↑ Kaushik, Krishn (3 August 2020). "Fifth round of talks held amid stalemate in Pangong Tso". The Indian Express. Archived from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
  43. ↑ Singh, Sushant; Kaushik, Krishn (6 August 2020). "India to China: Proposal to step back further is untenable, not acceptable". The Indian Express. Archived from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
  44. ↑ Philip, Snehesh Alex (12 August 2020). "No progress made in India-China major general-level talks, all eyes now on diplomatic parleys". ThePrint. Archived from the original on 24 September 2020. Retrieved 28 August 2020.
  45. ↑ Jiangtao, Shi (16 August 2020). "Chinese foreign minister visits Tibet 'to send message to India'". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 31 August 2020. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
  46. 1 2 Laskar, Rezaul H; Patranobis, Sutirtho (1 October 2020). "India, China hold one more round of talks". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 10 October 2020. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
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  48. ↑ Singh, Rahul (31 August 2020). "Forget disengagement, China opens new front along LAC". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 31 August 2020. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
  49. ↑ Kaushik, Krishn (31 August 2020). "Fresh tension in eastern Ladakh: Army blocks China's attempts to change status quo". The Indian Express. Archived from the original on 31 August 2020. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
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  83. ↑ Pandit, Rajat (1 August 2021). "India, China establish sixth hotline between ground commanders along LAC". The Times of India. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
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  87. ↑ "China Started Beefing up Military Infrastructure Near Ladakh After Dilution of Article 370". The Wire. 21 December 2021. Retrieved 23 December 2021.
  88. ↑ Purohit, Kunal (20 December 2021). "Hardening battle lines at China-India border raise fears of sustained, 'small-scale conflict'". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 23 December 2021.
  89. 1 2 "New Satellite Image Shows China Building Bridge on Its Side of Pangong Lake: Reports". The Wire. PTI. 4 January 2022. Retrieved 8 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
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  92. ↑ "India, China Armies Hold Meeting To Celebrate Republic Day In Ladakh". NDTV. PTI. 26 January 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  93. ↑ "India adds 54 more Chinese apps to ban list; Sea says it complies with laws:Reports". Reuters. PTI. 15 February 2022. Retrieved 18 February 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  94. ↑ "India and China troops clash on Arunachal Pradesh mountain border". BBC. PTI. 14 December 2022. Retrieved 15 December 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
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