Francisco de Toledo | |
|---|---|
| Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria in Traspontina | |
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| Orders | |
| Created cardinal | 17 September 1593 by Clement VIII |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 4 October 1532 |
| Died | 14 September 1596 (aged 63) Rome, Papal States |
| Nationality | Spanish |
| Coat of arms |  |
Francisco de Toledo (4 October 1532 in Cordoba (Castille) – 14 September 1596 in Rome) was a Spanish Jesuit priest and theologian, Biblical exegete and professor at the Roman College. He is the first Jesuit to have been made a cardinal (in 1593).
Biography
After studying under Domingo de Soto, Toledo became a professor of philosophy at the University of Salamanca from 1555 to 1559.[1]
He was ordained priest at Salamanca in 1556 and two years later, in 1558, entered the Jesuit order. After a brief period of spiritual formation he was called to Rome by the Superior General, Diego Láynez, where the budding Roman College was in great need of professors. Toledo successively (and successfully) taught Philosophy (1559-1562), Scholastic and Moral Theology (1562-1569), and was prefect of studies of the fast-growing university.
In the 1570s he published a number of commentaries on Aristotle's works.[2]
He directed the work on the Clementine Vulgate, the revision of the Latin Vulgate that was published in 1598; this built on the Sistine Vulgate (the 1590 text), approved by Pope Sixtus V.
He died in 1596 and was buried in the Santa Maria Maggiore. The tomb monument was created in 1598 by the Flemish sculptor Gillis van den Vliete after a design by Giacomo della Porta.[3]
Works
His works may be divided into three classes:
- (1) Philosophical: "Introductio in dialecticam Aristotelis" (Rome, 1561), thirteen editions, apparently the first work of a Jesuit to be printed in Mexico; "Commentaria una cum quæstionibus in universam Aristotelis logicam" (Rome, 1572), seventeen editions; "Commentaria de physica auscultatione" (Venice, 1573), fifteen editions; "De generatione et corruptione" (Venice, 1575), seven editions; "De anima" (Venice, 1574), twenty editions; "Opera omnia. Opera philosophica" (Lyons, 1586–92), only one volume issued.
- (2) Theological: "In Summam theologiæ S. Thomæ Aquinatis enarratio" (4 vols., Rome, 1869), published by Father José Paría, S.J.; "Summa casuum sive instructio sacerdotum" (Lyons, 1599), forty-six editions (Spanish tr., Juan de Salas; Italian, Andreo Verna; French, Goffar; summaries in Latin, Spanish, French, and Italian).
- (3) Exegetical: "In sacrosanctum Joannis Evangelium commentarium" (Rome, 1592), nine editions; "In prima XII capita Sacrosancti Jesu Christi D. N. Evangelium secundum Lucam" (Rome, 1600), printing supervised by Father Miguel Vázquez, S.J.; "In Epistolam B. Pauli Apostoli ad Romanos" (Rome, 1602), Aramaic tr., Father Luis de Azevedo. Manuscripts: "Emmendationes in Sacra Biblia vulgata", corrected by direction of Clement VIII; "Regulæ hebraicæ pro lingua sancta intelligenda". Sermons: "Motivós y advertencias de casas dignas de refomación cerca del Breviario".[4]
- Commentarii in prima XII capita sacrosancti Iesu Christi D.N. Evangelii secundum Lucam (in Latin). Romae: Giovanni Antonio Franzini, Girolamo eredi Franzini, Luigi Zanetti. 1600.
- Instructio sacerdotum ac poenitentium (in Latin). Roma: Giovanni Antonio Franzini & Girolamo Franzini, eredi. 1601.
- Commentarii et annotationes in Epistolam Beati Pauli apostoli ad Romanos (in Latin). Romae: Paolino Arnolfini. 1602.
- Instructio sacerdotum ac poenitentium (in Latin). Brixiae: Bartolomeo Fontana. 1624.
Notes
- ↑ Christian Cyclopedia
- ↑ Roger Ariew, René Descartes and the Jesuits, p. 164, in Mordechai Feingold (editor), Jesuit Science and the Republic of Letters (2002)
- ↑ Steven F. Ostrow, The Tomb of Cardinal Francisco de Toledo at S. Maria Maggiore: A New Work by Giacomo della Porta and Egidio della Riviera, Ricerche di Storia dell'arte, 21, 1983, pp. 87-96
- ↑ Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
External links
- Biography
- Bourke, Vernon J. (1967). "Toletus, Francis (1532–1596)". In Edwards, Paul (ed.). The Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Vol. 8. p. 146. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Francisco Toledo". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.