Toronto—St. Paul's (federal electoral district)

Toronto—St. Paul's
Ontario electoral district
	Location in Toronto
Federal electoral district
Legislature	House of Commons
MP	Vacant
;
District created	1933
First contested	1935
Last contested	2021
District webpage	profile, map
Demographics
Population (2021)	116,953
Electors (2015)	75,852
Area (km²)	14
Pop. density (per km²)	8,353.8
Census division(s)	Toronto
Census subdivision(s)	Toronto

Map of Toronto-St. Paul's

Toronto—St. Paul's is a federal electoral district in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1935. Before the 2015 election, the riding was known as St. Paul's.^[3]

The small but densely populated riding covers the area to the north and northeast of Downtown Toronto (often called "Midtown" Toronto). In the past, it had been considered a bellwether riding, having been represented by only three opposition MPs. However, like most Toronto-based ridings, the Liberals have dominated recent elections. Since the Liberals won all but one seat in Ontario in their 1993 landslide, they have won all but one election in St. Paul's by 10,000 votes or more.

As of 2015, it includes the southern two-thirds of the wealthy Toronto neighbourhood of Forest Hill, plus the neighbourhoods of Deer Park, Davisville Village, Chaplin Estates, South Hill, Humewood-Cedarvale, the southern two-thirds of Fairbank, and the northern half of Summerhill.

Demographics

According to the Canada 2021 Census^[4]

Ethnic groups: 63.9% White, 6.3% South Asian, 6.0% Black, 5.0% Chinese, 4.5% Filipino, 4.1% Latin American, 2.0% West Asian, 1.8% Korean, 1.1% Indigenous, 1.0% Arab, 1.0% Southeast Asian
Languages: 62.3% English, 3.7% Spanish, 2.9% Portuguese, 2.2% Tagalog, 1.8% French, 1.8% Mandarin, 1.6% Italian, 1.5% Russian, 1.5% Persian, 1.3% Korean, 1.3% Cantonese
Religions: 40.9% Christian (21.1% Catholic, 3.7% Anglican, 3.5% Christian Orthodox, 2.1% United Church, 10.5% Other), 15.1% Jewish, 3.7% Muslim, 3.2% Hindu, 1.1% Buddhist, 34.8% None

Median income: $50,400 (2020)
Average income: $96,000 (2020)

History

The riding of Toronto—St. Pauls was created in 1933 from parts of the Toronto East Centre, Toronto Northeast, Toronto South and Toronto West Centre ridings.

It consisted initially of the central part of the City of Toronto ("Downtown Toronto"). It was bounded on the south by Toronto Bay, on the east by Sherbourne Street and on the north and west by a line drawn from Sherbourne Street west along Bloor Street, north along Yonge Street, northwest along the belt line railway, south and west along the western limit of the city, south along Dunvegan Road, east along St. Clair Avenue, south along Poplar Plains Road, west along Dupont Street, south along St. George and Beverley Streets, east along Queen Street, south along John Street.

In 1947, it was redefined to consist of the part of the city of Toronto bounded on the south by Toronto Bay, on the east by a line drawn from the Bay north along Sherbourne Street, west along Bloor Street East and north along Yonge Street, on the north by the south boundary of Ward Nine of the city of Toronto, and on the west by a line drawn from the Bay north on John Street, west along Queen Street West, north on Beverley Street and along St. George Street, east along Dupont Street, north along Davenport Road and Poplar Plains Road, west along St. Clair Avenue West, north along Dunvegan Road, east and north along the city limit to the southern boundary of Ward Nine.

In 1966, the southern part of the riding, what would be considered to be "Downtown Toronto" was removed from the electoral district (added to Rosedale electoral district) and the riding was shifted northward redefined to consist of the part of Metropolitan Toronto bounded by a line drawn from Bloor Street, north along Yonge Street, northwest along the Canadian National Railway line, north along Elmsthorpe Avenue, west along Eglinton Avenue, north along Castlewood Road, west along Briar Hill Avenue, south along Old Park Road and Glen Cedar Road, southeast along Claxton Boulevard, south along Bathurst Street and east along Bloor Street to Yonge Street.

In 1987, it was redefined to consist of the part of the cities of Toronto and York bounded by a line drawn from the Canadian Pacific Railway line north along Ossington Avenue, east along Davenport Road, north along Winona Drive, west along Eglinton Avenue West, north and east along the eastern limit of the City of York, east and north along the northern limit of the City of Toronto, south along Yonge Street and westerly along the CPR line to Ossington Avenue (removing lands between the CPR lands and Bloor Street).

In 1996, it was redefined to consist of the part of the cities of Toronto and York bounded by a line drawn from the Canadian Pacific Railway north along Ossington Avenue, east along Davenport Road, north along Winona Drive, west along Eglinton Avenue West, north along the eastern limit of the City of York, east along the northern limit of the City of Toronto, south along Bathurst Street, southeast along the Belt Line (formerly the Canadian National Railway), east along Eglinton Avenue West, north along Yonge Street, east along Broadway Avenue, south and east along the eastern limit of the City of Toronto, west along the south side of the Mount Pleasant Cemetery, south along the ravine situated east of Avoca Avenue, west along Rosehill Avenue, south and east along the west side of the Rosehill Reservoir, west along Woodlawn Avenue East, south along Yonge Street, and west along the Canadian Pacific Railway to Ossington Avenue.

In 2003, it was redefined to consist of the part of the City of Toronto bounded by a line drawn from the Canadian Pacific Railway north along Ossington Avenue, east along Davenport Road, north along Winona Drive, west along Holland Park Avenue, north along Oakwood Avenue, west along Rogers Road, north along Dufferin Street, east along Eglinton Avenue West, north along Yonge Street, east along Broadway Avenue, south along the former eastern limit of the City of Toronto, west along the south side of the Mount Pleasant Cemetery, southeast along the Don River Tributary situated east of Avoca Avenue, west along Rosehill Avenue, south along the west side of the Rosehill Reservoir, west along Jackes Avenue, south along Yonge Street and west along the Canadian Pacific Railway to Ossington Avenue.

In the 2012 electoral redistribution, St. Paul's lost territory to Don Valley West, gained a small fraction from Davenport and was renamed Toronto—St. Paul's.

Churches named for St. Paul in the electoral district

From its creation until 1966, the electoral district included two prominent churches named for St. Paul the apostle: St. Paul's, Bloor Street at 227 Bloor Street East, which is the largest Anglican church in Toronto by seating capacity; and St. Paul's-Avenue Road United Church at Avenue Road and Webster Avenue, which was the church of many of Toronto's elite. The electoral district ceased to include 227 Bloor Street East after a redefinition of the district's boundaries in 1966. In 1980, the congregation at St. Paul's-Avenue Road United Church moved to 427 Bloor Street West during a church merger creating Trinity-St. Paul's United Church. The electoral district ceased to include 427 Bloor Street West after a boundary redefinition in 1987. Therefore, Toronto—St. Paul's no longer contains a St. Paul's.

Members of Parliament

This riding has elected the following Members of Parliament:

Parliament	Years		Party
St. Paul's Riding created from Toronto East Centre, Toronto Northeast, Toronto South and Toronto West Centre
18th	1935–1940	Douglas Ross	Conservative
19th	1940–1945		National Government
20th	1945–1949		Progressive Conservative
21st	1949–1953	James Rooney	Liberal
22nd	1953–1957	Roland Michener	Progressive Conservative
23rd	1957–1958
24th	1958–1962
25th	1962–1963	Ian Wahn	Liberal
26th	1963–1965
27th	1965–1968
28th	1968–1972
29th	1972–1974	Ron Atkey	Progressive Conservative
30th	1974–1979	John Roberts	Liberal
31st	1979–1980	Ron Atkey	Progressive Conservative
32nd	1980–1984	John Roberts	Liberal
33rd	1984–1988	Barbara McDougall	Progressive Conservative
34th	1988–1993	Barbara McDougall	Progressive Conservative
35th	1993–1997	Barry Campbell	Liberal
36th	1997–2000	Carolyn Bennett
37th	2000–2004
38th	2004–2006
39th	2006–2008
40th	2008–2011
41st	2011–2015
Toronto—St. Paul's
42nd	2015–2019	Carolyn Bennett	Liberal
43rd	2019–2021
44th	2021–2023

Election results

Graph of election results in Toronto—St. Paul's (parties that never received 2% of the vote are omitted)

Toronto—St. Paul's, 2015–present

2021 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%	Expenditures
	Liberal	Carolyn Bennett	22,844	48.86	-5.64	$88,807.52
	Conservative	Stephanie Osadchuk	12,126	25.83	+4.23	$26,751.24
	New Democratic	Sidney Coles^[5]	7,749	16.51	+0.71	$31,250.09
	Green	Phil De Luna	2,890	6.16	-0.64	$30,817.63
	People's	Peter Remedios	1,340	2.85	+1.35	$1,412.77
Total valid votes/Expense limit			46,949	–	–	$112,245.61
Total rejected ballots
Turnout			46,949	56.77
Eligible voters			82,707
Source: Elections Canada^[6]

2019 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%	Expenditures
	Liberal	Carolyn Bennett	32,494	54.3	-0.96	$88,263.67
	Conservative	Jae Truesdell	12,933	21.6	-5.39	$95,161.27
	New Democratic	Alok Mukherjee	9,442	15.8	+1.08	$48,947.09
	Green	Sarah Climenhaga	4,042	6.8	+3.77	$447.10
	People's	John Kellen	923	1.5	-	$0.00
Total valid votes/expense limit			59,834	100.00
Total rejected ballots			384
Turnout			60,218	71.6	-2.3
Eligible voters			84,110
	Liberal hold		Swing		+2.22
Source: Elections Canada^[7]^[8]

2015 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%	Expenditures
	Liberal	Carolyn Bennett	31,481	55.26	+15.34	$128,256.52
	Conservative	Marnie MacDougall	15,376	26.99	-5.43	$186,719.71
	New Democratic	Noah Richler	8,386	14.72	-7.91	$53,022.76
	Green	Kevin Farmer	1,729	3.03	-1.45	$3,643.09
Total valid votes/Expense limit			56,972	100.0		$210,412.41
Total rejected ballots			252	–	–
Turnout			57,224	73.9	–
Eligible voters			77,433
Source: Elections Canada^[9]^[10]^[11]

2011 federal election redistributed results^[12]
Party		Vote	%
	Liberal	19,563	39.92
	Conservative	15,887	32.42
	New Democratic	11,088	22.63
	Green	2,195	4.48
	Others	267	0.54

St. Paul's, 1935–2015

2011 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%	Expenditures
	Liberal	Carolyn Bennett	22,409	40.6	-9.9
	Conservative	Maureen Harquail	17,864	32.4	+5.8
	New Democratic	William Molls	12,124	22.0	+8.7
	Green	Jim McGarva	2,495	4.5	-4.6
	Libertarian	John Kittredge	303	0.5	-0.1
Total valid votes/Expense limit			55,195	100.0
Total rejected ballots			276	0.5	–
Turnout			55,471	68.2	–
Eligible voters			81,288	–	–

2008 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%	Expenditures
	Liberal	Carolyn Bennett	26,326	50.5	+0.2	$69,331
	Conservative	Heather Jewell	13,800	26.6	+0.8	$53,617
	New Democratic	Anita Agrawal	6,880	13.3	-5.9	$13,606
	Green	Justin Erdman	4,713	9.1	+4.3	$3,526
	Libertarian	John Kittredge	313	0.6	–	$182
Total valid votes/Expense limit			52,032	100.0	$86,488

2006 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Carolyn Bennett	29,295	50.3	-8.1
	Conservative	Peter Kent	15,021	25.8	+5.4
	New Democratic	Paul Summerville	11,189	19.2	+3.5
	Green	Kevin Farmer	2,785	4.8	-0.7
Total valid votes			58,290	100.0

2004 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Carolyn Bennett	32,171	58.4	+4.1
	Conservative	Barry Cline	11,226	20.4	-13.1*
	New Democratic	Norman Tobias	8,667	15.7	+6.3
	Green	Peter Elgie	3,031	5.5	+3.9
Total valid votes			55,095	100.0

*Comparison to total of Progressive Conservative and Canadian Alliance vote in 2000.

2000 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Carolyn Bennett	25,358	54.0	-0.3
	Progressive Conservative	Barry Cline	10,099	21.5	-2.2
	Alliance	Theo Caldwell	5,457	11.6	+4.3
	New Democratic	Guy Hunter	4,451	9.5	-2.9
	Green	Don Roebuck	769	1.6	+0.4
	Marijuana	Andrew Potter	514	1.1
	Canadian Action	Mark Till	128	0.3	-0.1
	Marxist–Leninist	Barbara Seed	88	0.2	-0.1
	Natural Law	Ron Parker	83	0.2	-0.3
Total valid votes			46,947	100.0

Note: Canadian Alliance vote is compared to the Reform vote in 1997 election.

1997 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Carolyn Bennett	26,389	54.3	-0.1
	Progressive Conservative	Peter Atkins	11,520	23.7	-0.7
	New Democratic	Michael Halewood	6,028	12.4	+7.3
	Reform	Francis Floszmann	3,564	7.3	-3.8
	Green	Don Roebuck	597	1.2	+0.3
	Natural Law	Neil Dickie	221	0.5	-0.2
	Canadian Action	Daniel Widdicombe	182	0.4
	Marxist–Leninist	Fernand Deschamps	135	0.3	+0.1
Total valid votes			48,636	100.0

1993 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Barry Campbell	27,878	54.4	+13.6
	Progressive Conservative	Isabel Bassett	12,500	24.4	-23.1
	Reform	Paul Chaplin	5,707	11.1
	New Democratic	David Jacobs	2,629	5.1	-4.9
	National	Mario Godlewski	1,253	2.4
	Green	Jim Harris	491	1.0	+0.3
	Natural Law	Rick C. Weberg	314	0.6
	Independent	Jim Conrad	262	0.5
	Libertarian	Rick Stenhouse	107	0.2	-0.4
	Marxist–Leninist	David Gershuny	87	0.2
	Abolitionist	Marion Velma Joyce	19	0.0
	Commonwealth of Canada	Mike Twose	10	0.0
Total valid votes			51,257	100.0

1988 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Progressive Conservative	Barbara McDougall	25,206	47.5	0.0
	Liberal	Aideen Nicholson	21,655	40.8	+3.0
	New Democratic	Diane Bull	5,303	10.0	-2.6
	Green	Philip Sarazen	348	0.7	-0.5
	Libertarian	Christian P. Sorensen	346	0.7	+0.2
	Communist	John MacClennan	171	0.3	+0.1
Total valid votes			53,029	100.0

1984 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Progressive Conservative	Barbara McDougall	20,914	47.6	+8.0
	Liberal	John Roberts	16,659	37.9	-7.4
	New Democratic	John Webb	5,545	12.6	-0.8
	Green	Joell Vanderwagen	514	1.2
	Libertarian	Jocelyne Demers	210	0.5	+0.1
	Communist	Gerry Van Houten	99	0.2	0.0
	Commonwealth of Canada	William Gerby	36	0.1
Total valid votes			43,977	100.0

1980 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	John Roberts	17,905	45.3	+4.0
	Progressive Conservative	Ron Atkey	15,643	39.5	-4.6
	New Democratic	James Lockyer	5,301	13.4	+0.1
	Rhinoceros	Liza Armour	311	0.8	+0.5
	Libertarian	Dan A. Kornitzer	162	0.4	-0.3
	Independent	Robert Smith	108	0.3
	Communist	Mel Doig	76	0.2	0.0
	Independent	Naomi Jolliffe	37	0.1
	Marxist–Leninist	Keith Ramdeen	22	0.1	0.0
Total valid votes			39,565	100.0

1979 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Progressive Conservative	Ron Atkey	19,161	44.1	+1.7
	Liberal	John Roberts	17,949	41.3	-4.2
	New Democratic	James Lockyer	5,779	13.3	+2.2
	Libertarian	Ronald F. Bailey	325	0.7
	Rhinoceros	Jacques Gauthier	117	0.3
	Communist	Ruth Fitzgerald	97	0.2	-0.2
	Marxist–Leninist	Nola Moore	29	0.1	-0.1
Total valid votes			43,457	100.0

1974 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	John Roberts	16,124	45.5	+6.2
	Progressive Conservative	Ron Atkey	15,010	42.4	-0.1
	New Democratic	Lukin Robinson	3,913	11.1	-0.8
	Communist	Barbara Cameron	165	0.5
	Independent	Richard Carl Bolster	138	0.4
	Marxist–Leninist	Crawford McNair	56	0.2
Total valid votes			35,406	100.0

1972 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Progressive Conservative	Ron Atkey	15,676	42.5	+11.7
	Liberal	Ian Wahn	14,484	39.3	-20.1
	New Democratic	Mary Boyce	4,376	11.9	+4.1
	Independent	Kay Macpherson	2,044	5.5
	Independent	Elizabeth Hill	133	0.4
	Social Credit	John Bilan	87	0.2
	Independent	Crawford McNair	48	0.1
Total valid votes			36,848	100.0

1968 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Ian Wahn	20,981	59.4	+10.9
	Progressive Conservative	Barry Lowes	10,882	30.8	-1.6
	New Democratic	Robert Fenn	2,743	7.8	-11.3
	Independent	W.J. Russell Taylor	420	1.2
	Communist	Rae Allan Murphy	292	0.8
Total valid votes			35,318	100.0

1965 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Ian Wahn	12,251	48.5	-8.2
	Progressive Conservative	Ward Markle	8,204	32.5	+4.6
	New Democratic	Alan Rimmer	4,821	19.1	+5.5
Total valid votes			25,276	100.0

1963 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Ian Wahn	15,891	56.7	+14.8
	Progressive Conservative	Joel W. Aldred	7,795	27.8	-13.6
	New Democratic	Don Stevenson	3,794	13.5	+0.2
	Social Credit	Neil Carmichael	543	1.9	-0.2
Total valid votes			28,023	100.0

1962 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Ian Wahn	11,140	41.9	+16.3
	Progressive Conservative	Roland Michener	11,013	41.4	-23.4
	New Democratic	Don Stevenson	3,533	13.3	+3.7
	Social Credit	Neil Carmichael	563	2.1
	Independent	Douglas Campbell	328	1.2
Total valid votes			26,577	100.0

Note: NDP vote is compared to CCF vote in 1958 election.

1958 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Progressive Conservative	Roland Michener	18,213	64.8	+7.9
	Liberal	Joseph S. Williams	7,212	25.7	-2.6
	Co-operative Commonwealth	Margot Thompson	2,686	9.6	-2.9
Total valid votes			28,111	100.0

1957 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Progressive Conservative	Roland Michener	13,243	56.9	+15.4
	Liberal	James Rooney	6,586	28.3	-11.0
	Co-operative Commonwealth	Margot Thompson	2,906	12.5	-3.6
	Social Credit	Burton Ford	533	2.3	+0.7
Total valid votes			23,268	100.0

1953 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Progressive Conservative	Roland Michener	9,738	41.5	+3.0
	Liberal	James Rooney	9,223	39.3	-2.4
	Co-operative Commonwealth	Andrew Brewin	3,786	16.1	-3.7
	Communist	Annie Buller Guralnick	369	1.6
	Social Credit	Neil Carmichael	363	1.5
Total valid votes			23,479	100.0

1949 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	James Rooney	14,000	41.7	+1.6
	Progressive Conservative	Roland Michener	12,922	38.5	-2.2
	Co-operative Commonwealth	Andrew F. Brewin	6,677	19.9	+3.6
Total valid votes			33,599	100.0

1945 Canadian federal election: St. Paul's
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Progressive Conservative	Douglas Ross	12,390	40.7	-10.6
	Liberal	James Rooney	12,211	40.1	-8.6
	Co-operative Commonwealth	Andrew F. Brewin	4,958	16.3
	Labor–Progressive	William Kashtan	895	2.9
Total valid votes			30,454	100.0

Note: Progressive Conservative vote is compared to "National Government" vote in 1940 election.

1940 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National Government	Douglas Ross	15,591	51.3	+10.3
	Liberal	James Rooney	14,816	48.7	+9.8
Total valid votes			30,407	100.0

Note: "National Government" vote is compared to Conservative vote in 1935 election.

1935 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%
	Conservative	Douglas Ross	10,852	40.9
	Liberal	Salter Hayden	10,322	38.9
	Reconstruction	James Robertson	2,713	10.2
	Co-operative Commonwealth	Ted Jolliffe	2,628	9.9
Total valid votes			26,515	100.0

References

"Toronto—St. Paul's (federal electoral district) (Code 35077) Census Profile". 2011 census. Government of Canada - Statistics Canada. Retrieved March 3, 2011.

Notes

↑ "Census Profile, 2021 Census". Statistics Canada. 2022. Retrieved February 9, 2022.
↑ Statistics Canada: 2011
↑ "Government Bill (House of Commons) C-37 (41-2) - Third Reading - Riding Name Change Act, 2014 - Parliament of Canada".
↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (February 9, 2022). "Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population - Toronto--St. Paul's [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)], Ontario". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
↑ "Toronto NDP candidate resigns after discovery of controversial social media posts". CP24. September 15, 2021.
↑ "List of confirmed candidates – September 20, 2021 Federal Election". Elections Canada. Retrieved September 2, 2021.
↑ Result of voting, certificate of returning officer. October 23, 2019.
↑ "Election Night Results". Elections Canada. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
↑ Elections Canada – Confirmed candidates for Toronto—St. Paul's, 30 September 2015
↑ Elections Canada – Preliminary Election Expenses Limits for Candidates
↑ "Election Night Results - Electoral Districts".
↑ Pundits' Guide to Canadian Elections

External links

43°41′46″N 79°24′27″W / 43.696°N 79.4076°W / 43.696; -79.4076

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[statcan21-1] "Census Profile, 2021 Census". Statistics Canada. 2022. Retrieved February 9, 2022.

[2] Statistics Canada: 2011

[3] "Government Bill (House of Commons) C-37 (41-2) - Third Reading - Riding Name Change Act, 2014 - Parliament of Canada".

[4] Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (February 9, 2022). "Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population - Toronto--St. Paul's [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)], Ontario". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved March 6, 2023.

[5] "Toronto NDP candidate resigns after discovery of controversial social media posts". CP24. September 15, 2021.

[6] "List of confirmed candidates – September 20, 2021 Federal Election". Elections Canada. Retrieved September 2, 2021.

[7] Result of voting, certificate of returning officer. October 23, 2019.

[8] "Election Night Results". Elections Canada. Retrieved November 6, 2019.

[9] Elections Canada – Confirmed candidates for Toronto—St. Paul's, 30 September 2015

[10] Elections Canada – Preliminary Election Expenses Limits for Candidates

[11] "Election Night Results - Electoral Districts".

[12] Pundits' Guide to Canadian Elections

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