Typhoon Cempaka
Cempaka at peak intensity on July 20
Meteorological history
FormedJuly 17, 2021
DissipatedJuly 25, 2021
Typhoon
10-minute sustained (JMA)
Highest winds130 km/h (80 mph)
Lowest pressure980 hPa (mbar); 28.94 inHg
Category 1-equivalent tropical cyclone
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC)
Highest winds150 km/h (90 mph)
Lowest pressure965 hPa (mbar); 28.50 inHg
Overall effects
Fatalities3
Damage$4.25 million (2021 USD)
Areas affectedGuangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hong Kong, Macau, and Vietnam
IBTrACS
Part of the 2021 Pacific typhoon season

Typhoon Cempaka was a moderately-strong and fairly long-lived tropical cyclone that caused substantial damage in China and Vietnam toward the end of July 2021. The seventh named storm and the fourth typhoon of the 2021 Pacific typhoon season, the storm formed from a tropical disturbance west of the Philippines on July 17. Around the same time, the JMA recognized the system as a tropical depression, with the JTWC issuing a TCFA for the disturbance. The storm slowly moved northwestward towards China, and on July 19, the system strengthened into a tropical storm and was given the name Cempaka by the JMA. On the next day, Cempaka reached its peak intensity, peaking as a Category 1-equivalent typhoon, before making landfall on China later that day. Afterward, Cempaka rapidly weakened as it moved inland, weakening into a tropical depression on July 21. The storm subsequently initiated a counterclockwise loop, moving westward across southern China, and turning southward and emerging into the Gulf of Tonkin on July 23. Afterward, Cempaka turned eastward for the next few days, before dissipating over southern Hainan on July 26.

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

At 18:00 UTC on July 16, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)[nb 1] started to monitor a tropical disturbance that formed in the South China Sea, west of the Philippines.[2] Moving westward and later to the west-northwest, the system further intensified to a tropical depression and was designated as Invest 99W by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC)[nb 2] two hours later, with its development chances being "low".[4] Located approximately 224 nmi (415 km; 260 mi) to the south-southeast of Hong Kong, multispectral satellite imagery on the disturbance revealed a broad low-level circulation center with flaring convection (or thunderstorms) over the center. Analysis on the conditions in the South China Sea depicted a favorable environment for development, with warm sea surface temperatures up to 31–32 °C (88–90 °F) and good radial outflow, being inhibited by low to moderate amounts of wind shear.[4] The system's tropical cyclone development potential was later upgraded to medium,[5] and by 23:00 UTC, the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert for the system as the system became more organized.[6] By the next day, the JTWC had upgraded the system to a tropical depression, designating it as 10W, since it had an improved convective structure and had developed a defined low level circulation.[7][8] The JTWC upgraded the system to a tropical storm, as its low-level circulation center had organized more, with improved banding structure.[9] At 00:00 UTC the next day, the JMA upgraded the system to a tropical storm and assigned the name Cempaka.[10] At 21:00 UTC, the JTWC declared Cempaka to be a Category 1 typhoon, as it developed a 15 nmi (28 km; 17 mi) wide ragged eye.[11][12] The JMA later upgraded it to a severe tropical storm at 00:00 UTC on the next day.[13] In their post-storm analysis, the JMA determined that Cempaka attained typhoon intensity on the same day. The storm made landfall near Yangjiang, on July 20,[14] and subsequently rapidly weakened into a tropical depression on July 21. For the next few days, the system moved southwestward, crossed Móng Cái City, Quảng Ninh Province in Vietnam on the night of July 22 and then moving into the Gulf of Tonkin on July 23. Afterward, the storm turned eastward, and continued this motion for another few days. On July 26, Cempaka dissipated over the southern coast of Hainan.[15]

Preparations and impact

China

Two simultaneous tropical cyclones on July 20, Typhoons Cempaka (left) and In-fa (right).

In Guangdong, 105,000 people were evacuated as Cempaka approached the province. Local authorities ordered the shutdown of 57 coastal tourist destinations, called back 36,280 fishing vessels and asked 16,243 fish-farming workers to be evacuated ashore, according to the provincial emergency management department.[16][14][17] The city of Yangjiang implemented traffic controls on many roads and issued a red alert for rainstorms. It also called back 384 fishing vessels and asked 2,680 fish-farming workers to be evacuated ashore. Nearly 5,000 people in the city were evacuated to safety. In Guangzhou, the Baiyun International Airport canceled 127 flights and delayed 19 outbound flights by 5:15 pm local time at Tuesday.[18] In Yangxi County, the local transportation bureau dispatched 325 staff and law enforcement personnel, inspected 120 vehicles to carry out typhoon rescue, road clearance and traffic diversion, and cleared more than 80 roadblocks. A total of 20 houses were damaged, of which 7 were severely damaged and 13 were partially damaged, along with some road traffic facilities. In total, economic losses totaled $4.25 million in the county.[19]

Hong Kong

Cempaka as a tropical storm on July 19

The Hong Kong Observatory (HKO) issued a Signal No. 1 alert on July 18, at 9:40 PM local time (01:40 UTC), as Cempaka was located within 800 km away from Hong Kong.[20] The following day, a Signal No. 3 alert was further issued by the observatory, at 4:10 PM local time (08:10 UTC).[21] Amid a Signal No. 3 alert, a 60-year old hiker was found dead following hours of long search and was discovered to have been swept away by flooding after reaching Hero Falls, the police said.[22]

Vietnam

2 people died, each respectively from Vĩnh Long and Cà Mau, due to a house collapse. Furthermore, 137 houses collapsed and 125 roofs were removed. A landslide was also reported on a river bank in Ngọc Hiển District. In Thanh Hóa, the district experienced heavy rain due to the influence of Cempaka as a weakened tropical depression. Assessing the complicated flood situation, the district government evacuated 305 households and about 1,400 people to a safer place. Flooding caused some damage in Muong Lat. On the afternoon of July 23, floods passed through Quang Chieu commune, sweeping away a temporary bridge that connected Pung village to three hamlets, Suoi Tut and Con Dao villages, which made it difficult for nearly 180 households to travel. The government has sent people to guard, not allowing people and vehicles to pass.[23] The city of Lào Cai experienced torrential rains, submerging many roads, streets and caused hundreds of households to be flooded.[24]

Elsewhere

In the Philippines, the system enhanced the prevailing southwest monsoon, together with In-fa (locally known as Fabian). As a result, heavy rainfall warnings were issued by the PAGASA for Metro Manila and several other provinces nearby.[25] In Macau, the Macao Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau (SMG) hoisted a Signal No. 3 alert at 2:30 pm and remained in effect throughout the rest of the day.[26] The managing director who oversees the Xayaburi Dam in Laos, which reflected the volumes discharge from the Mekong River that ran through the power plant, stated that the flow rate was 8,000 cubic metres per second, an increase from the average of 3,588 cubic meter per second during the period from July 1–24, with the rise being attributed to Cempaka.[27]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The Japan Meteorological Agency is the official Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for the western Pacific Ocean.[1]
  2. ↑ The Joint Typhoon Warning Center is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force task force that issues tropical cyclone warnings for the western Pacific Ocean and other regions.[3]

References

  1. ↑ "Annual Report on Activities of the RSMC Tokyo – Typhoon Center 2000" (PDF). Japan Meteorological Agency. February 2001. p. 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 31, 2015. Retrieved July 29, 2017.
  2. ↑ "WWJP27 RJTD 161800". Japan Meteorological Agency. July 16, 2021. Archived from the original on July 17, 2021. Retrieved July 28, 2021.
  3. ↑ "Joint Typhoon Warning Center Mission Statement". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 2011. Archived from the original on July 26, 2007. Retrieved July 25, 2012.
  4. 1 2 Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Reissued 170200Z-170600Z July 2021 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. July 17, 2021. Archived from the original on July 28, 2021. Retrieved July 28, 2021.
  5. ↑ Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans from 170600Z-180600Z July 2021 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. July 17, 2021. Retrieved July 22, 2021.
  6. ↑ Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (Invest 99W) (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. July 17, 2021. Archived from the original on July 18, 2021. Retrieved July 18, 2021.
  7. ↑ Tropical Disturbance 10W (Ten) Warning No. 1 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. July 18, 2021. Archived from the original on July 18, 2021. Retrieved July 18, 2021.
  8. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Disturbance 10W (Ten) Warning No. 1 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. July 18, 2021. Archived from the original on July 18, 2021. Retrieved July 18, 2021.
  9. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Disturbance 10W (Ten) Warning No. 2 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. July 18, 2021. Archived from the original on July 19, 2021. Retrieved July 19, 2021.
  10. ↑ "Tropical Cyclone Information for Tropical Storm 2107 (Cempaka)". www.jma.go.jp. Japan Meteorological Agency. July 19, 2021. Archived from the original on July 19, 2021. Retrieved July 19, 2021.
  11. ↑ Tropical Disturbance 10W (Cempaka) Warning No. 6 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. July 19, 2021. Archived from the original on July 20, 2021. Retrieved July 20, 2021.
  12. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Disturbance 10W (Cempaka) Warning No. 6 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. July 19, 2021. Archived from the original on July 20, 2021. Retrieved July 20, 2021.
  13. ↑ "Tropical Cyclone Information about Tropical Storm 2107 (Cempaka)". Tokyo, Japan: Japan Meteorological Agency. July 20, 2021. Archived from the original on July 20, 2021. Retrieved July 20, 2021.
  14. 1 2 Ismail Shakil; David Goodman (July 20, 2021). "Typhoon Cempaka makes landfall in China's Guangdong, says Xinhua". Reuters. Archived from the original on July 24, 2021. Retrieved July 24, 2021.
  15. ↑ "WWJP27 RJTD 260000". Japan Meteorological Agency. Tokyo, Japan. July 26, 2021. Archived from the original on July 26, 2021. Retrieved July 27, 2021.
  16. ↑ "Over 100,000 evacuated as Typhoon Cempaka lands in China's Guangdong". Xinhua News Agency. July 21, 2021. Archived from the original on July 23, 2021. Retrieved July 23, 2021.
  17. ↑ Han Jing (July 20, 2021). "China braces for Typhoon Cempaka and Typhoon In-Fa". shine.cn. Xinhua. Archived from the original on July 24, 2021. Retrieved July 24, 2021.
  18. ↑ 江巍. "Typhoon Cempaka makes landfall in China's Guangdong". www.chinadaily.com.cn. Archived from the original on July 27, 2021. Retrieved July 27, 2021.
  19. ↑ "众志成城抹灾痕！阳西县把台风造成损失降至最低 -阳西县人民政府网站". www.yangxi.gov.cn. Archived from the original on July 28, 2021. Retrieved July 28, 2021.
  20. ↑ "天 氣 稿 第 221 號 - 發出/取消熱帶氣旋警告信號". www.info.gov.hk. Archived from the original on July 22, 2021. Retrieved July 27, 2021.
  21. ↑ "天 氣 稿 第 191 號 - 發出/取消熱帶氣旋警告信號". www.info.gov.hk. Archived from the original on July 20, 2021. Retrieved July 27, 2021.
  22. ↑ "Hong Kong hiker swept away amid typhoon warning found dead after search". South China Morning Post. July 20, 2021. Archived from the original on July 26, 2021. Retrieved July 27, 2021.
  23. ↑ "Viet Nam, Flooding, Landslide, Wind and Storm in Southern Central and Southern Provinces (TC Cempaka) (24 Jul 2021) - Viet Nam". ReliefWeb. Archived from the original on July 27, 2021. Retrieved July 27, 2021.
  24. ↑ "Lào Cai: Mưa lớn gây ngập cục bộ". phongchongthientai.mard.gov.vn. Archived from the original on July 27, 2021. Retrieved July 27, 2021.
  25. ↑ "Heavy rainfall warning up in Metro Manila, nearby provinces due to habagat". ABS-CBN News. July 21, 2021. Archived from the original on July 21, 2021. Retrieved July 26, 2021.
  26. ↑ "Signal No. 3 hoisted as storm moves towards Guangdong's western coast". Macao News. July 19, 2021. Archived from the original on July 27, 2021. Retrieved July 27, 2021.
  27. ↑ "Power plant shares effects of Cempaka storm". Bangkok Post. Retrieved July 28, 2021.
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