General elections were held in Tunisia on 2 April 1989. It was the first time presidential elections had been held since 1974, as Habib Bourguiba had been declared President-for-life the following year. However, his replacement, Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, was the only candidate to obtain endorsements from 30 political figures, as required by the Constitution. As a result, he was unopposed for a full term.[1]

In the Chamber of Deputies election, the Constitutional Democratic Rally (a renamed Socialist Destourian Party) won 80.6 percent of the vote and all 141 seats. According to official figures, voter turnout was 76.5% in the parliamentary election and 76.1% in the presidential election.[2]

Results

President

CandidatePartyVotes%
Zine El Abidine Ben AliConstitutional Democratic Rally2,087,028100.00
Total2,087,028100.00
Valid votes2,087,02899.27
Invalid/blank votes15,3480.73
Total votes2,102,376100.00
Registered voters/turnout2,762,10976.11
Source: Nohlen et al.

Chamber of Deputies

Although the elections were the closest Tunisia had come to a free election at the time, the results were heavily contested. Different sources offer ostensibly official figures that diverge significantly, particularly in respect to the share of votes received by the Ennahda Movement. Without official recognition as a party, the party fielded independent candidates that received between 10% and 17% of the vote nationally according to different "official" results quoted by different academics.[3][4][5][6][7]

PartyVotes%Seats+/–
Constitutional Democratic Rally1,633,00480.57141+16
Movement of Socialist Democrats76,5203.780New
Popular Unity Party13,9560.690New
Unionist Democratic Union7,9120.390New
Leftist Coalition7,6190.380New
Social Party for Progress5,2700.260New
Socialist Progressive Rally4,0540.200New
IRSP1,2240.060New
Independents277,15513.6800
Total2,026,714100.00141+16
Valid votes2,026,71498.45
Invalid/blank votes31,8361.55
Total votes2,058,550100.00
Registered voters/turnout2,711,92575.91
Source: Nohlen et al.

Aftermath

Both the legal opposition and the Ennahda Movement accused the government of electoral fraud, with the Ennahda Movement claiming to have received between 60-80% of the vote.[8] According to other analysts, the elections demonstrated the staying power of the state party RCD, which had expanded its membership in the run-up to the election to encompass nearly 40% of the registered electorate [9][10]

References

  1. ↑ Dickovick, J. Tyler (2008). The World Today Series: Africa 2012. Lanham, Maryland: Stryker-Post Publications. ISBN 978-161048-881-5.
  2. ↑ Dieter Nohlen, Michael Krennerich & Bernhard Thibaut (1999) Elections in Africa: A data handbook, pp919-20 ISBN 0-19-829645-2
  3. ↑ Leveau, Rémy, ‘La Tunisie du Président Ben Ali: Equilibre interne et environnement arabe,’ Maghreb-Machrek No. 124 (1989), p10
  4. ↑ Burgat, François and William Dowell, The Islamic Movement in North Africa, 2nd Edition (Austin, 1997), p234
  5. ↑ Murphy, Emma C., Economic and Political Change in Tunisia: From Bourguiba to Ben Ali, (Basingstoke/London, 1999), p180
  6. ↑ Hermassi, Abdelbaki, ‘The Rise and Fall of the Islamist Movement in Tunisia,’ in Laura Guazzone (ed.), The Islamist Dilemma (Reading, 1995), pp118-119
  7. ↑ A. Dahmani ‘Tunisie: L’accès aux medias et le code electoral,’ Jeune Afrique (22 January 1990), p33
  8. ↑ Daoud, Zakya, ‘Chronique Tunisienne,’ Annuaire de l’Afrique du Nord Vol. 28 (1989), p685
  9. ↑ Daoud, Zakya, Chronique Tunisienne,’ Annuaire de l’Afrique du Nord Vol. 29 (1990), p784
  10. ↑ Daoud, Zakya, ‘Chronique Tunisienne,’ Annuaire de l’Afrique du Nord Vol. 28 (1989), p684
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