Turka
Турка
City
Turka panoramic view
Turka panoramic view
Flag of Turka
Flag
Coat of arms of Turka
Coat of arms
Turka is located in Lviv Oblast
Turka
Turka
Location of Turka
Turka is located in Ukraine
Turka
Turka
Turka (Ukraine)
Coordinates: 49°09′27″N 23°01′21″E / 49.15750°N 23.02250°E / 49.15750; 23.02250
Country Ukraine
Oblast Lviv Oblast
RaionSambir Raion
First mentioned1431
Government
 • MayorYaroslav Parashchych
Elevation
557 m (1,827 ft)
Population
 (2022)
 • Total6,925
Area code+380
Websitehttps://turka-mrada.gov.ua/

Turka (Ukrainian: Турка, Турка над Стрийом (old), Polish: Turka, Turka nad Stryjem (old), Yiddish: טורקא) is a city located at the confluence of the Stryi River and the Yablunka River in Sambir Raion, Lviv Oblast, western Ukraine. It is located by the Carpathian Mountains. It hosts the administration of Turka urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.[1] Population: 6,925 (2022 estimate).[2]

Until 18 July 2020, Turka belonged to Turka Raion and was the administrative center. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Lviv Oblast to seven.[3]

Name

The name Turka originates from Ukrainian word, тур (tur), meaning aurochs or urus (Latin: Bos primigenius), the ancestor of domestic cattle — a type of huge wild cattle which inhabited in the surrounding forests (it survived in Europe until 1627).[4] In another version the city's name derives from the Ukrainian name of the gate-towers, "Turia" (Ukrainian: Tурія), "Turja" (Ukrainian: Тур'я), "Turnia" (Ukrainian: Турня), which stood at the entrance to an ancient settlement.

The origin of the name may also be linked to the Turks since the area was under the Hun Empire and they are considered as ancestors of Turks. Also, Turkic tribes were nomadic, settling in various places and assimilating.

Geography

Location

The city is located in the south Lviv Oblast, in the Carpathian Mountains, on the left bank of the Stryi River, with its tributaries, the Yablunka River (Ukrainian: Яблунька) and Litmyr River (Ukrainian: Літмир), and between the mountains Shymenka (Ukrainian: Шименка), Kychera (Ukrainian: Кичера), Vinets' (Ukrainian: Вінець) and Osovnya (Ukrainian: Осовня).

The city is located 137 km from Lviv, 107 km from Uzhhorod, 75 km from Drohobych, at an altitude of 557 meters above sea level. The location of initial settlement outpost, from which arose Turka, was determined by the so-called "Path of Rus" - Neolithic trade route that connected through the Turka Western Europe to Hungary, Moldova and the Balkan countries.

History

Turka in the early 20th century

On June 27, 1431, King Władysław II Jagiełło presented Turka to a man named Vancza Valachus. This was confirmed in 1444 by King Władysław III of Poland, and by Sigismund I the Old in 1517. In 1730 Turka received Magdeburg rights, and three years laters, a Roman Catholic parish was opened here. Turka was administratively located in the Przemyśl Land, Ruthenian Voivodeship, Lesser Poland Province of the Kingdom of Poland. Following the First Partition of Poland, from 1772 to 1918 the town belonged to Austrian Galicia.

In the Second Polish Republic, Turka was the seat of a county in Lwów Voivodeship. It was home to a county court, private high school and tax office. At that time, its starosta was Tadeusz Zawistowski, and the mayor was Michał Grudziński.

Following the September 1939 Invasion of Poland, Turka was occupied by the Soviet Union. In June 1941, the town was captured by the Wehrmacht, and its Jewish population was murdered in the Holocaust. After World War II, the town was reattached to the Soviet Ukraine, and its Polish community was expelled to the so-called Recovered Territories.

Until 18 July 2020, Turka served as the administrative center of Turka Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Lviv Oblast to seven. The area of Turka Raion was merged into Sambir Raion.[5][6]

Demography

Historical population
YearPop.±%
18804,685—    
19166,080+29.8%
192110,030+65.0%
193110,145+1.1%
19897,982−21.3%
20017,440−6.8%
20067,306−1.8%
20226,925−5.2%
Source: [7][8][9][10][11][12][13]

The population is 7,306 people in 1114 homes (2006) 99% of the population are Ukrainian.
Dynamics of population in the past:

  • 1880 — 4,685 inhabitants (1,786 Rusyns, 537 Poles, 2,356 German; of them: 1,837 Greek-Catholic, 450 Catholics, 2,398 Jews).[7]
  • 1916 — 6,080 inhabitants (including - 3,000 Jews)[8]
  • 1921 — 10,030 inhabitants (52.4% Polish, 29.2% Ukrainian, 18.3% Jewish by nationality, 58.0% Catholic (Roman or Greek rite) and 41.9% Jewish by religion)[10]
  • 1989 — 7,982 inhabitants (3,992 male, 3,990 female)[11]

Sights

  • Church of the transfer of the relics of St. Nicholas, Turka (1776)
  • Church of St. Nicholas, Turka (1739)
  • Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary Church, Turka (1750)
  • Protection of the Blessed Virgin Mary Church, Turka (1780)
  • Church of Saints Peter and Paul, Turka (2003)
  • Assumption Church, Turka (1778)
  • Synagogue, Turka (19th century)
  • Old Jewish Cemetery, Turka (19th century)
  • Market Square, Turka
  • Folk Museum of Boykos, Boykivshchyna (Ukrainian: Бойківщина)
  • Museum of Boykos books

Notable people

References

  1. ↑ "Турковская городская громада" (in Russian). Портал об'єднаних громад України.
  2. ↑ Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
  3. ↑ "Про утворення та ліквідацію районів". Офіційний вебпортал парламенту України (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2023-12-29.
  4. ↑ Unofficial site of Turka (in Ukrainian)
  5. ↑ "Про утворення та ліквідацію районів. Постанова Верховної Ради України № 807-ІХ". Голос України (in Ukrainian). 2020-07-18. Retrieved 2020-10-03.
  6. ↑ "Нові райони: карти + склад" (in Ukrainian). Міністерство розвитку громад та територій України.
  7. 1 2 Turka in «Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland (1880)
  8. 1 2 The American Jewish Year Book, 5677, September 28, 1916, to September 16, 1917, Edited by Cyrus Adler for the American Jewish Committee, Philadelphia, The Jewish Publication Society of America
  9. ↑ Wiadomości Statystyczne Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego (in Polish). Vol. X. Warszawa: Główny Urząd Statystyczny. 1932. p. 141.
  10. 1 2 Skorowidz miejscowości Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej (in Polish). Vol. XIV. Warszawa: Główny Urząd Statystyczny. 1923. p. 22.
  11. 1 2 "Table: 19A0501_04. Number of the population in urban settlements (1,2,3); 1989(12.01)". Main Statistical Office in L'viv. Retrieved 8 January 2018 – via database.ukrcensus.gov.ua: Select m. Turka in 'Territory' field, plus actual in 'Population category'{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  12. ↑ Registration card of Turka in the Parliament of Ukraine (in Ukrainian)
  13. ↑ Hyda J. "Turka - a New Capital Boikivshchyna" Tourism guide (Uzhhorod:Patent, 2006)(in Ukrainian)
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