| Ambassador of the United States to the Netherlands | |
|---|---|
| Ambassadeur van de Verenigde Staten in Nederland | |
 Seal of the United States Department of State | |
| Seat | Embassy of the United States, The Hague |
| Nominator | The President of the United States |
| Inaugural holder | John Adams as Minister Plenipotentiary |
| Formation | April 19, 1782 |
| Website | nl.usembassy.gov |
The United States diplomatic mission to the Netherlands consists of the embassy located in The Hague and a consular office located in Amsterdam.
In 1782, John Adams was appointed America's first Minister Plenipotentiary to Holland. According to the United States Department of State, the same year came formal recognition by the Netherlands of the United States as a separate and independent nation, along with badly needed financial help that indicated faith in its future. These loans from the United Provinces, which have been called "the Marshall Plan in reverse," were the first the new government received. Adams purchased a home in the Hague at Fluwelen Burgwal 18 (located within Uilebomen, The Hague Center), as the first U.S. embassy.[1]
The current American Embassy building in The Hague opened on January 29, 2018.[2] Notable Americans such as former Presidents Adams and John Quincy Adams, General Hugh Ewing and Iraq Envoy L. Paul Bremer have held the title of Ambassador.
Besides the embassy, a U.S. consulate-general is located on Curaçao which is responsible for the territory of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the Caribbean.[3] This consulate is not part of the U.S. diplomatic mission to the Netherlands.
April 19, the day John Adams presented his credentials in the Hague, was declared by President Ronald Reagan to be memorialized as "Dutch-American Friendship Day".[4]
Ambassadors
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U.S. diplomatic terms |
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Career FSO After 1915, The United States Department of State began classifying ambassadors as career Foreign Service Officers (FSOs) for those who have served in the Foreign Service for a specified amount of time. Political appointee A person who is not a career foreign service officer, but is appointed by the president (often as a reward to political friends). Appointed The date that the ambassador took the oath of office; also known as "commissioning". It follows confirmation of a presidential appointment by the Senate, or a Congressional recess appointment by the president. In the case of a recess appointment, the ambassador requires subsequent confirmation by the Senate to remain in office. Presented credentials The date that the ambassador presented his letter of credence to the head of state or appropriate authority of the receiving nation. At this time the ambassador officially becomes the representative of his country. This would normally occur a short time after the ambassador's arrival on station. The host nation may reject the ambassador by not receiving the ambassador's letter, but this occurs only rarely. Terminated mission Usually the date that the ambassador left the country. In some cases a letter of recall is presented, ending the ambassador's commission, either as a means of diplomatic protest or because the diplomat is being reassigned elsewhere and replaced by another envoy. Chargé d'affaires The person in charge of the business of the embassy when there is no ambassador commissioned to the host country. Ad interim Latin phrase meaning "for the time being", "in the meantime". |
The former building of the Embassy of the United States, The Hague
| # | Name[5] | Type[5] | Start date[6] | End date[6] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | John Adams | MP | April 19, 1782 | March 30, 1788 |
| 2 | William Livingston | MP | [7] | |
| 3 | John Rutledge | MP | [7] | |
| 4 | William Short | MP | June 18, 1792 | December 19, 1792 |
| 5 | John Quincy Adams | MP | November 6, 1794 | June 20, 1797 |
| 6 | William Vans Murray | MP | June 20, 1797 | September 2, 1801 |
| 7 | William Eustis | EE/MP | July 20, 1815 | May 5, 1818 |
| 8 | Alexander H. Everett | Chd'Aff | January 4, 1819 | April 7, 1824 |
| 9 | Christopher Hughes | Chd'Aff | July 10, 1826 | January 28, 1830 |
| 10 | William Pitt Preble | EE/MP | January 28, 1830 | May 2, 1831 |
| 11 | Auguste Davezac | Chd'Aff | December 30, 1831 | July 13, 1839 |
| 12 | Harmanus Bleecker | Chd'Aff | July 13, 1839 | August 22, 1842 |
| 13 | Christopher Hughes | Chd'Aff | August 22, 1842 | June 28, 1845 |
| 14 | Auguste Davezac | Chd'Aff | June 28, 1845 | September 16, 1850 |
| 15 | George Folsom | Chd'Aff | September 16, 1850 | October 11, 1853 |
| 16 | August Belmont | Chd'Aff | October 11, 1853 | September 26, 1854 |
| MR | September 26, 1854 | September 22, 1857 | ||
| 17 | Henry C. Murphy | MR | September 24, 1857 | June 8, 1861 |
| 18 | James S. Pike | MR | June 8, 1861 | May 29, 1866 |
| 19 | Daniel E. Sickles | MR | [7] | |
| 20 | John A. Dix | MR | [7] | |
| 21 | Albert Rhodes | Chd'Aff | October 19, 1866 | December 1, 1866 |
| 22 | Hugh Ewing | MR | December 1, 1866 | October 31, 1870 |
| 23 | Joseph P. Root | MR | [8] | |
| 24 | Charles T. Gorham | MR | December 15, 1870 | July 9, 1875 |
| 25 | Francis B. Stockbridge | MR | [9] | |
| 26 | James Birney | MR | March 29, 1876 | April 20, 1882 |
| 27 | William L. Dayton, Jr. | MR | September 26, 1882 | June 8, 1885 |
| 28 | Isaac Bell, Jr. | MR | June 8, 1885 | April 29, 1888 |
| 29 | Robert B. Roosevelt | MR | August 10, 1888 | September 26, 1888 |
| EE/MP | September 26, 1888 | May 17, 1889 | ||
| 30 | Samuel R. Thayer | EE/MP | May 24, 1889 | August 7, 1893 |
| 31 | William E. Quinby | EE/MP | August 11, 1893 | July 26, 1897 |
| 32 | Stanford Newel | EE/MP | August 19, 1897 | June 30, 1905 |
| 33 | David J. Hill | EE/MP | July 15, 1905 | June 1, 1908 |
| 34 | Arthur M. Beaupre | EE/MP | June 15, 1908 | September 25, 1911 |
| 35 | Lloyd Bryce | EE/MP | November 16, 1911 | September 10, 1913 |
| 36 | Henry van Dyke | EE/MP | October 15, 1913 | January 11, 1917 |
| 37 | John W. Garrett | EE/MP | October 11, 1917 | June 18, 1919 |
| 38 | William Phillips | EE/MP | April 23, 1920 | April 11, 1922 |
| 39 | Richard M. Tobin | EE/MP | May 1, 1923 | August 29, 1929 |
| 40 | Gerrit John Diekema | EE/MP | November 20, 1929 | December 20, 1930[10] |
| 41 | Laurits S. Swenson | EE/MP | April 29, 1931 | March 5, 1934 |
| 42 | Grenville T. Emmet | EE/MP | March 21, 1934 | August 21, 1937 |
| 43 | George A. Gordon | EE/MP | September 10, 1937 | July 16, 1940[11] |
| 44 | Anthony J. Drexel Biddle, Jr.[12] | EE/MP | March 27, 1941 | May 8, 1942 |
| AE/P | May 8, 1942 | December 1, 1943 | ||
| 45 | Stanley K. Hornbeck[12] | AE/P | December 8, 1944 | March 7, 1947 |
| 46 | Herman B. Baruch | AE/P | April 12, 1947 | August 26, 1949 |
| 47 | Selden Chapin | AE/P | October 27, 1949 | October 30, 1953 |
| 48 | H. Freeman Matthews | AE/P | November 25, 1953 | June 11, 1957 |
| 49 | Philip Young | AE/P | June 27, 1957 | December 20, 1960 |
| 50 | John S. Rice | AE/P | May 6, 1961 | May 27, 1964 |
| 51 | William R. Tyler | AE/P | June 23, 1965 | June 20, 1969 |
| 52 | J. William Middendorf II | AE/P | July 9, 1969 | June 10, 1973 |
| 53 | Kingdon Gould, Jr. | AE/P | October 18, 1973 | September 30, 1976 |
| 54 | Robert J. McCloskey | AE/P | October 22, 1976 | March 10, 1978 |
| 55 | Geri M. Joseph | AE/P | September 6, 1978 | June 17, 1981 |
| 56 | William J. Dyess | AE/P | September 2, 1982 | July 19, 1983 |
| 57 | L. Paul Bremer | AE/P | August 31, 1983 | August 25, 1986 |
| 58 | John Shad | AE/P | June 24, 1987 | February 23, 1989 |
| 59 | C. Howard Wilkins, Jr. | AE/P | July 13, 1989 | July 11, 1992 |
| 60 | K. Terry Dornbush | AE/P | March 16, 1994 | July 28, 1998 |
| 61 | Cynthia P. Schneider | AE/P | September 2, 1998 | June 17, 2001 |
| 62 | Clifford Sobel | AE/P | December 6, 2001 | August 24, 2005 |
| 63 | Roland Arnall | AE/P | Mar 8, 2006 | March 7, 2008 |
| 64 | James Culbertson | AE/P | July 10, 2008 | January 20, 2009 |
| 65 | Fay Hartog-Levin | AE/P | August 19, 2009 | September 1, 2011 |
| 66 | Timothy M. Broas | AE/P | March 19, 2014 | February 12, 2016 |
| 67 | Adam Sterling | Chd'Aff | February 12, 2016 | July 29, 2016 |
| 68 | Shawn P. Crowley | Chd'Aff | July 29, 2016[13] | January 10, 2018 |
| 69 | Pete Hoekstra | AE/P | January 10, 2018 | January 17, 2021 |
| 70 | Marja Verloop | Chd'Aff | January 17, 2021 | July 4, 2022 |
| 71 | Aleisha Woodward | Chd'Aff | July 4, 2022 | October, 18, 2022 |
| 72 | Shefali Razdan Duggal | AE/P | October 19, 2022 | Present |
See also
References
- ↑ "Dutch American Friendship Day / Heritage Day". Archived from the original on December 30, 2006. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
- ↑ "U.S. Embassy moving to Wassenaar". January 19, 2018.
- ↑ "welcome". Retrieved November 21, 2010.
- ↑ Eschner, Kat. "John Adams Was the United States' First Ambassador as Well as Its Second President". Smithsonian. Retrieved July 8, 2018.
- 1 2 Archived July 5, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
- 1 2 "Nations - Netherlands". AllGov. Retrieved May 12, 2012.
- 1 2 3 4 He declined his appointment.
- ↑ His nomination was withdrawn.
- ↑ He took the oath of office, but he never proceeded to the post.
- ↑ He died at his post.
- ↑ He left with a special ambassador train from The Hague on the July 16. This train was specially meant for ambassadors and their families. See for a picture of ambassador Gordon in this train: http://www.haagsebeeldbank.nl/
- 1 2 He served in England.
- ↑ U.S. Chargé d'affaires in The Hague accredited, diplomat magazine.nl, 2016/08/04 (in English).
External links
- United States Department of State: Chiefs of Mission for the Netherlands
- United States Department of State: Netherlands
- United States Embassy and Consulate in the Netherlands
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