Ulmus 'Rugosa'
GenusUlmus
Cultivar'Rugosa'
OriginFrance

The elm cultivar Ulmus 'Rugosa' [:'wrinkled', the leaves], was first listed in Audibert's Tonelle (1817), as "U. campestris Linn. 'Rugosa' = orme d'Avignon [Avignon elm] (new species)", but without description.[1] A description followed in the Revue horticole, 1829.[2] Green (1964)[3] identified this cultivar with one listed by Hartwig and Rümpler in Illustrirtes Gehölzbuch (1875) as Ulmus montana var. rugosa Hort..[4] A cultivar of the same name appeared in Loddiges' catalogue of 1836 and was identified by Loudon in Arboretum et Fruticetum Britannicum (1838) as Ulmus montana var. rugosa Masters,[5] Masters naming the tree maple-bark elm.[6] Ulmus montana was used at the time both for wych cultivars and for some cultivars of the Ulmus × hollandica group.[7]

Not to be confused with Späth's U. campestris rugosa, a suberose field elm.

Description

Revue Horticole (1829) described "l'orme d'Avignon" as a tall tree with downy buds producing large wrinkled leaves, elliptical in shape and tapering at both ends, with deeply double-toothed margins.[2] Loudon described his Ulmus montana var. rugosa as having "dark, reddish-brown bark, cracking into short, regular pieces, very like Acer campestre; a tree of spreading growth and moderate size". Hanham's Manual for Royal Victoria Park, Bath (1857) described the U. montana rugosa in that collection as "a spreading and moderate-sized tree, with rather irregular and contorted branches", its wrinkled leaves being "much smaller and rougher than the species and a deeper green".[8] Koch (1872) described Loddiges' Ulmus montana rugosa, "now cultivated under this name in the gardens and nurseries", as an elm "with elongated, thickish, deep-toothed leaves and with soft-haired young twigs". Though he had not seen its samarae, he was confident that it was "a very different elm" from the field elm 'Rugosa' cultivar.[9][10] Noting similarities between Ulmus montana rugosa and Ulmus crispa Willdenow, he conjectured that Ulmus montana rugosa, which has "similar but less frizzy leaves", may have arisen from Ulmus crispa.[10] The 'Rugosa' of Hartwig and Rümpler was described as having somewhat folded leaves, and being pyramidal, thick and bushy.[3]

Pests and diseases

Not known.

Cultivation

Loudon considered a tree labelled U. montana rugosa in the London Horticultural Society's Garden, with upright form and smaller, rougher leaves of a deeper green than those of wych elm, "probably not the U. montana rugosa of Mr. Masters". A specimen of U. montana rugosa, "the rugose Scotch elm", was among elms described at Royal Victoria Park, Bath, in the 1850s.[8] The Hesse Nursery of Weener, Germany, sold an Ulmus montana rugosa in the 1930s.[11]

An Ulmus montana var. rugosa pendula was distributed by the Mount Hope Nursery (also known as Ellwanger and Barry) of Rochester, New York, from the 1880s.[12] As Ulmus montana was used both for wych cultivars and for those of U. × hollandica, the cultivar named U. × hollandica 'Rugosa Pendula' (though not notably pendulous) growing at the Morton Arboretum (Acc. no. 652-62), received from Arnold Arboretum as Ulmus hollandica 'Rugosa Pendula',[13][14] is likely to be the Ellwanger and Barry clone. It has leaves to 15 cm (see Gallery and 'External links').[15][16]

Accessions

North America

Morton Arboretum, US.

References

  1. ↑ Audibert, U., Catalogue des végétaux de tous genres cultivés dans les jardins et pépinières à Tonelle (Tarascon, France, 1817) p.23 catalogue of 1817
  2. 1 2 'Plantes nouvelles', Revue horticole (Paris, 1829), p.28
  3. 1 2 Green, Peter Shaw (1964). "Registration of cultivar names in Ulmus". Arnoldia. Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University. 24 (6–8): 41–80. Retrieved 16 February 2017.
  4. ↑ Hartwig and Rümpler, Illustrirtes Gehölzbuch 583, 1875
  5. ↑ Loudon, Arboretum et Fruticetum Britannicum, 3: 1398, 1838
  6. ↑ Masters, William (1831). Hortus Duroverni (3 ed.). p. 66.
  7. ↑ Katalog (PDF). Vol. 108. Berlin, Germany: L. Späth Baumschulenweg. 1902–1903. pp. 132–133.
  8. 1 2 Hanham, F. (1857). A Manual for the Park (Royal Victoria Park, Bath). Longman, London.
  9. ↑ Koch, Karl (1872). "Dendrologie; Bäume, Sträucher und Halbsträucher, welche in Mittel- und Nord- Europa im Freien kultivirt werden". Nature. 2 (44): 351–352. Bibcode:1870Natur...2..351O. doi:10.1038/002351a0. S2CID 12003546.
  10. 1 2 Koch, Karl (1872). "Dendrologie; Bäume, Sträucher und Halbsträucher, welche in Mittel- und Nord- Europa im Freien kultivirt werden". Nature. 2 (44): 351–352. Bibcode:1870Natur...2..351O. doi:10.1038/002351a0. S2CID 12003546.
  11. ↑ Hesse, Hermann Albert (1933). Preis- und Sortenliste. pp. 91–92. Retrieved 27 February 2018.
  12. ↑ Ellwanger & Barry, Descriptive catalogue of hardy ornamental trees, shrubs, etc. (Rochester, NY, 1880), p.38
  13. ↑ quercus.mortonarb.org Ulmus hollandica 'Rugosa Pendula'
  14. ↑ Photographs of Ulmus × hollandica 'Rugosa Pendula', Morton Arboretum, 'Ulmus Series', acorn.mortonarb.org
  15. ↑ bioportal.naturalis.nl U. × hollandica 'Rugosa Pendula' herbarium specimen with samara, Arnold Arboretum, 1930
  16. ↑ bioportal.naturalis.nl U. × hollandica 'Rugosa Pendula' herbarium specimen, Arnold Arboretum, 1930
  17. ↑ Kew Plants of the World Online: ' Ulmus × hollandica Mill. Images'; photo of Morton Arboretum's 'Rugosa Pendula': Image 44 of 52; ID:1433561; powo.science.kew.org
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