1878–79 United States House of Representatives elections

1878 United States House of Representatives elections
	June 3, 1878 – September 3, 1879
All 293 seats in the United States House of Representatives; 147 seats needed for a majority
	Results; Democratic gain Democratic hold; Republican gain Republican hold; Independent gain Independent hold; Greenback gain
Speaker before election; Samuel Randall; Democratic	Elected Speaker ; Samuel Randall; Democratic

The 1878–79 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between June 3, 1878, and September 3, 1879.^{[lower-alpha 4]} Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before or after the first session of the 46th United States Congress convened on March 18, 1879. Elections were held for all 293 seats, representing 38 states. This was the last election cycle that at least one state held its regular congressional election in an odd-numbered year.

These elections occurred in the middle of President Rutherford B. Hayes's term. With a sour economy as the nation's pressing issue, both major parties lost seats to the new Greenback Party, which was established to promote the long-term use of paper money as a solution to stop enormous economic fluctuations. The Democratic Party remained the largest party, but lost its majority. However, it allied with several independent politicians and was able to remain in power. This was the fourth and last recorded House election where both major parties lost seats at the same time.

Election summaries

↓
141	7	13	132
Democratic	^{[lower-alpha 5]}	^{[lower-alpha 6]}	Republican

State	Type	Total seats	Democratic		Ind. Democratic		Greenback		Republican
State	Type	Total seats	Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change
Alabama	District	8	7	1	0		1	1	0
Arkansas	District	4	4	1	0	1	0		0
California	District	4	1	1	0		0		3	1
Colorado	At-large	1	0	1	0		0		1	1
Connecticut	District	4	1	2	0		0		3	2
Delaware	At-large	1	1		0		0		0
Florida	District	2	1	1	0		0		1	1
Georgia	District	9	6	2	3	2	0		0
Illinois	District	19	6	2	0		1	1	12	1
Indiana	District	13	6	2	0		1	1	6	3
Iowa	District	9	0		0		2	2	7	2
Kansas	District	3	0		0		0		3
Kentucky	District	10	9	1	1	1	0		0
Louisiana	District	6	6	1	0		0		0	1
Maine	District	5	0		0		2	2	3	2
Maryland	District	6	5	1	0		0		1	1
Massachusetts	District	11	1	1	0		0		10	1
Michigan	District	9	0	1	0		0		9	1
Minnesota	District	3	1	1	0		0		2	1
Mississippi	District	6	6		0		0		0
Missouri	District	13	11	2	1	1	1	1	0	4
Nebraska	At-large	1	0		0		0		1
Nevada	At-large	1	0		0		0		1
New Hampshire	District	3	0	1	0		0		3	1
New Jersey	District	7	3	1	0		0		4	1
New York	District	33	6	9	2	2	0		25	7
North Carolina	District	8	7		0		1	1	0	1
Ohio	District	20	11	3	0		0		9	3
Oregon	At-large	1	1	1	0		0		0	1
Pennsylvania	District	27	8	2	0		2	2	17
Rhode Island	District	2	0		0		0		2
South Carolina	District	5	5	3	0		0		0	3
Tennessee	District	10	9	1	0		0		1	1
Texas	District	6	5	1	0		1	1	0
Vermont	District	3	0		0		1	1	2	1
Virginia	District	9	8		0		0		1
West Virginia	District	3	3		0		0		0
Wisconsin	District	8	3		0		0		5
Total		293	141^[1] 48.1%	14	7^[1] 2.4%	5	13^[1] 4.4%	13	132^[1] 45.1%	5

Popular vote

Democratic			44.20%
Republican			39.56%
Greenback			12.29%
Independent			2.75%
Others			1.20%

House seats

Democratic			48.12%
Republican			45.05%
Greenback			4.44%
Independent			2.39%

House seats by party holding plurality in state
80+% Democratic	80+% Republican
60+ to 80% Democratic	60+ to 80% Republican
Up to 60% Democratic	Up to 60% Republican

Net gain in party representation
6+ Democratic gain		6+ Republican gain
3-5 Democratic gain		3-5 Republican gain
1-2 Democratic gain	1-2 Greenback gain	1-2 Republican gain
no net change

Election dates

In most states, the elections were held November 5, 1878.

In 1845, Congress set a uniform nationwide date for choosing presidential electors.^[2] This Act of Congress did not affect election dates for Congress, which remained within the jurisdiction of state governments, but over time, the states moved their congressional elections to this date as well. In this cycle, there were still 7 states with earlier election dates, and 1 with a later election date:

Early elections
- June 3, 1878: Oregon
- September 3, 1878: Vermont
- September 9, 1878: Maine
- October 7, 1878: Indiana
- October 8, 1878: Iowa, Ohio, West Virginia
Standard election date
- November 5, 1878
Late election
- September 3, 1879: California

California's elections were the last time a state held congressional general elections after November.

Special elections

Elections are listed by date and district.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Louisiana 5	John E. Leonard	Republican	1876	Incumbent died March 15, 1878. New member elected elected November 5, 1878. Democratic hold.	▌Y J. Smith Young (Democratic) [data missing]
Nebraska at-large	Frank Welch	Republican	1876	Incumbent died September 4, 1878. New member elected elected November 5, 1878. Republican hold.	▌Y Thomas J. Majors (Republican) ▌Alex Bear (Democratic)^[3] [data missing]
New York 16	Terence J. Quinn	Democratic	1876	Incumbent died June 18, 1878. New member elected November 5, 1878. Republican gain. Successor also elected the same day to the next term; see below.	▌Y John Mosher Bailey (Republican) [data missing]
Virginia 1	Beverly B. Douglas	Democratic	1874	Incumbent died December 22, 1878. New member elected elected January 23, 1879. Democratic hold.	▌Y Richard L. T. Beale (Democratic) [data missing]
Georgia 1	Julian Hartridge	Democratic	1874	Incumbent died January 8, 1879. New member elected elected February 10, 1879. Democratic hold. Successor seated February 10, 1879.	▌Y William B. Fleming (Democratic) [data missing]
Texas 6	Gustav Schleicher	Democratic	1874	Incumbent died January 10, 1879. New member elected April 15, 1879. Democratic hold. Successor seated April 15, 1879.	▌Y Christopher C. Upson (Democratic) [data missing]
Iowa 5	Rush Clark	Republican	1876	Incumbent died April 29, 1879. New member elected elected October 14, 1879. Republican hold.	▌Y William G. Thompson (Republican) [data missing]
New York 12	Alexander Smith	Republican	1878	Member-elect died November 5, 1878. New member elected November 4, 1879. Democratic gain.	▌Y Waldo Hutchins (Democratic) [data missing]

Alabama

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Alabama 1	James T. Jones	Democratic	1876	Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Democratic hold.	▌Y Thomas H. Herndon (Democratic) 69.10% ▌Warner Bailey (Greenback) 30.90%
Alabama 2	Hilary A. Herbert	Democratic	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Hilary A. Herbert (Democratic) 56.25% ▌James P. Armstrong (Republican) 43.75%
Alabama 3	Jeremiah N. Williams	Democratic	1874	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	▌Y William J. Samford (Democratic) 88.43% ▌French Strange (Independent) 9.64% ▌William M. Russell (Republican) 1.93%
Alabama 4	Charles M. Shelley	Democratic	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Charles M. Shelley (Democratic) 55.38% ▌Jeremiah Haralson (Republican) 42.57% ▌Jonathan H. Henry (Independent) 2.04%
Alabama 5	Robert F. Ligon	Democratic	1876	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	▌Y Thomas Williams (Democratic) 70.51% ▌Theodore Nunn (Greenback) 29.49%
Alabama 6	Goldsmith W. Hewitt	Democratic	1874	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	▌Y Burwell B. Lewis (Democratic) 70.51% ▌William R. Smith (Independent) 29.49%
Alabama 7	William H. Forney	Democratic	1874	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y William H. Forney (Democratic) 96.57% ▌N. B. Mardis (Independent) 3.43%
Alabama 8	William W. Garth	Democratic	1874	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Greenback gain.	▌Y William M. Lowe (Greenback) 55.49% ▌William W. Garth (Democratic) 44.51%

Arkansas

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Arkansas 1	Lucien C. Gause	Democratic	1874	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	▌Y Poindexter Dunn (Democratic) 100.0%
Arkansas 2	William F. Slemons	Democratic	1874	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y William F. Slemons (Democratic) 57.20% ▌John G. Bradley (Greenback) 43.80%
Arkansas 3	Jordan E. Cravens	Independent Democratic	1876	Incumbent re-elected as a Democrat. Democratic gain.	▌Y Jordan E. Cravens (Democratic) 51.19% ▌Milton L. Rice (Greenback) 48.81%
Arkansas 4	Thomas M. Gunter	Democratic	1874	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Thomas M. Gunter (Democratic) 59.77% ▌J. F. Cunningham (Ind. Democratic) 29.42% ▌Byrd Smith (Greenback) 10.80%

California

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
California 1	Horace Davis	Republican	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Horace Davis (Republican) 48.41% ▌Clitus Barbour (Workingmen) 44.50% ▌Charles R. Summer (Democratic) 7.09%
California 2	Horace F. Page	Republican	1872	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Horace F. Page (Republican) 51.87% ▌Thomas J. Clunie (Democratic) 34.38% ▌H. P. Williams (Workingmen) 13.75%
California 3	John K. Luttrell	Democratic	1872	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	▌Y Campbell P. Berry (Democratic) 50.16% ▌Joseph McKenna (Republican) 49.61% ▌George T. Elliott (Workingmen) 0.23%
California 4	Romualdo Pacheco	Republican	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Romualdo Pacheco (Republican) 40.47% ▌Wallace Leach (Democratic) 31.84% ▌James J. Ayres (Workingmen) 27.68%

Colorado

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Colorado at-large	None			New state. New member elected. Republican gain.	▌Y James B. Belford (Republican) 49.93% ▌Thomas M. Patterson (Democratic) 41.93% ▌Henry C. Childs (Greenback) 8.14%

Patterson successfully contested the election and was seated March 4, 1877.

Connecticut

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Connecticut 1	George M. Landers	Democratic	1875	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain.	▌Y Joseph R. Hawley (Republican) 52.20% ▌George M. Landers (Democratic) 43.79% ▌Herbert Baker (Greenback) 3.67% ▌Horace Johnson (Prohibition) 0.34%
Connecticut 2	James Phelps	Democratic	1875	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y James Phelps (Democratic) 53.19% ▌Benjamin Douglas (Republican) 45.86% ▌Calvin Harrington (Prohibition) 0.95%
Connecticut 3	John T. Wait	Republican	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John T. Wait (Republican) 53.75% ▌Charles W. Carter (Republican) 44.06% ▌Elisha Palmer (Prohibition) 2.18%
Connecticut 4	Levi Warner	Democratic	1876	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain.	▌Y Frederick Miles (Republican) 48.70% ▌Frederick W. Bruggerhoff (Republican) 44.63% ▌James S. Taylor (Greenback) 6.38% ▌Ambrose S. Rogers (Prohibition) 0.30%

Delaware

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Delaware at-large	James Williams	Democratic	1874	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	▌Y Edward L. Martin (Democratic) 78.10% ▌John G. Jackson (Greenback) 21.90%

Florida

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Florida 1	Robert H. M. Davidson	Democratic	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Robert H. M. Davidson (Democratic) 56.80% ▌Simon B. Conover (Republican) 40.90% ▌Edmund C. Weeks (Ind. Republican) 2.29%
Florida 2	Horatio Bisbee Jr.	Republican	1876	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain.	▌Y Noble A. Hull (Democratic) 50.03% ▌Horatio Bisbee Jr. (Republican) 49.97%

In the 2nd district the difference between the two candidates, in the initial returns, was just 22 votes. Bisbee challenged Hull's election, and was eventually awarded the seat on January 22, 1881.

Georgia

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Georgia 1	Julian Hartridge	Democratic	1874	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	▌Y John C. Nicholls (Democratic) 62.76% ▌S. A. Corker (Republican) 37.24%
Georgia 2	William E. Smith	Democratic	1874	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y William E. Smith (Democratic) 69.05% ▌E. C. Wade (Republican) 30.95%
Georgia 3	Philip Cook	Democratic	1872	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Philip Cook (Democratic) 100.0%
Georgia 4	Henry R. Harris	Democratic	1872	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Independent Democratic gain.	▌Y Henry Persons (Ind. Democratic) 56.09% ▌Henry R. Harris (Democratic) 42.48% ▌L. J. Milam (Independent) 0.91% ▌J. C. Fuller (Independent) 0.51%
Georgia 5	Milton A. Candler	Democratic	1876	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	▌Y Nathaniel J. Hammond (Democratic) 55.64% ▌Reuben Arnold (Greenback) 44.36%
Georgia 6	James H. Blount	Democratic	1872	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y James H. Blount (Democratic) 99.44% ▌Scattering (Independent) 0.56%
Georgia 7	William H. Felton	Independent Democratic	1874	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y William H. Felton (Ind. Democratic) 52.47% ▌G. N. Lester (Democratic) 47.53%
Georgia 8	Alexander H. Stephens	Democratic	1872	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Alexander H. Stephens (Democratic) 98.30% ▌Scattering (Independent) 1.70%
Georgia 9	Hiram P. Bell	Democratic	1876	Lost re-nomination Independent Democratic gain.	▌Y Emory Speer (Ind. Democratic) 50.51% ▌Joel A. Billups (Democratic) 49.49%

Illinois

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Illinois 1	William Aldrich	Republican	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y William Aldrich (Republican) 51.84% ▌James R. Doolittle (Democratic) 30.41% ▌John McAscliff (Socialist Labor) 9.89% ▌William V. Barr (Greenback) 7.86%
Illinois 2	Carter Harrison Sr.	Democratic	1874	Incumbent retired to run for Mayor. New member elected. Republican gain.	▌Y George R. Davis (Republican) 49.59% ▌Miles Kehoe (Democratic) 29.29% ▌George A. Schilling (Socialist Labor) 11.85% ▌James Felch (Greenback) 7.67% ▌J. H. Condon (Independent) 1.25% ▌John Sebolski (Independent) 0.35%
Illinois 3	Lorenzo Brentano	Republican	1876	Incumbent lost re-nomination. NEw member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y Hiram Barber Jr. (Republican) 53.06% ▌Lambert Tree (Democratic) 29.26% ▌Benjamin Sebley (Independent) 12.78% ▌A. B. Cornell (Greenback) 4.90%
Illinois 4	William Lathrop	Republican	1876	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y John C. Sherwin (Republican) 61.79% ▌Jonathan C. Staighton (Democratic) 21.50% ▌Augustus Adams (Greenback) 16.71%
Illinois 5	Horatio C. Burchard	Republican	1869 (special)	Incumbent lost re-nomination. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y Robert M. A. Hawk (Republican) 53.42% ▌Mortimer D. Hathaway (Democratic) 23.33% ▌John M. King (Greenback) 23.24%
Illinois 6	Thomas J. Henderson	Republican	1874	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Thomas J. Henderson (Republican) 52.47% ▌James W. Haney (Greenback) 31.94% ▌Charles Dunham (Democratic) 15.59%
Illinois 7	Philip C. Hayes	Republican	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Philip C. Hayes (Republican) 46.54% ▌Alexander Campbell (Greenback) 28.29% ▌W. S. Brooks (Democratic) 25.17%
Illinois 8	Greenbury L. Fort	Republican	1872	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Greenbury L. Fort (Republican) 49.72% ▌Chris C. Strawn (Greenback) 29.01% ▌Thomas M. Shaw (Democratic) 21.27%
Illinois 9	Thomas A. Boyd	Republican	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Thomas A. Boyd (Republican) 43.76% ▌George A. Wilson (Democratic) 40.68% ▌Aloxr H. Keighan (Greenback) 15.56%
Illinois 10	Benjamin F. Marsh	Republican	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Benjamin F. Marsh (Republican) 44.50% ▌Delos P. Phelps (Democratic) 42.33% ▌Alson J. Streeter (Greenback) 13.17%
Illinois 11	Robert M. Knapp	Democratic	1876	Incumbent lost re-nomination. New member elected. Democratic hold.	▌Y James W. Singleton (Democratic) 54.49% ▌James P. Dimmitt (Republican) 31.69% ▌William H. Pogue (Prohibition) 13.82%
Illinois 12	William M. Springer	Democratic	1874	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y William M. Springer (Democratic) 47.69% ▌John Cook (Republican) 34.78% ▌John Mathers (Greenback) 17.53%
Illinois 13	Thomas F. Tipton	Republican	1876	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain.	▌Y Adlai Stevenson I (Democratic) 53.22% ▌Thomas F. Tipton (Republican) 46.26% ▌L. M. Bickmore (Prohibition) 0.52%
Illinois 14	Joseph G. Cannon	Republican	1872	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Joseph G. Cannon (Republican) 46.16% ▌Maldon Jones (Democratic) 38.84% ▌Jesse Harper (Greenback) 15.00%
Illinois 15	John R. Eden	Democratic	1872	Lost re-nomination Greenback gain.	▌Y Albert P. Forsythe (Greenback) 50.31% ▌Hiram B. Decias (Democratic) 49.69%
Illinois 16	William A. J. Sparks	Democratic	1874	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y William A. J. Sparks (Democratic) 48.75% ▌Basil B. Smith (Republican) 42.18% ▌James Creed (Greenback) 9.07%
Illinois 17	William R. Morrison	Democratic	1862	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y William R. Morrison (Democratic) 50.47% ▌John Baker (Republican) 43.04% ▌William E. Moberly (Greenback) 6.48%
Illinois 18	William Hartzell	Democratic	1874	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain.	▌Y John R. Thomas (Republican) 46.62% ▌N. J. Allen (Democratic) 44.37% ▌S. J. Davis (Greenback) 9.02%
Illinois 19	Richard W. Townshend	Democratic	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Richard W. Townshend (Democratic) 53.31% ▌Robert Bell (Republican) 34.64% ▌Seth F. Crews (Greenback) 12.04%

Indiana

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Indiana 1	Benoni S. Fuller	Democratic	1874	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain.	▌Y William Heilman (Republican) 48.66% ▌Thomas E. Garvin (Democratic) 45.77% ▌Thomas F. Debruler (Greenback) 5.57%
Indiana 2	Thomas R. Cobb	Democratic	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Thomas R. Cobb (Democratic) 55.06% ▌Richard M. Welman (Republican) 38.26% ▌William L. Green (Greenback) 6.69%
Indiana 3	George A. Bicknell	Democratic	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y George A. Bicknell (Democratic) 57.91% ▌Ara E. Long (Republican) 35.99% ▌John F. Willy (Greenback) 6.10%
Indiana 4	Leonidas Sexton	Republican	1876	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain.	▌Y Jeptha D. New (Democratic) 50.49% ▌Leonidas Sexton (Republican) 48.85% ▌Robert Gregg (Greenback) 0.66%
Indiana 5	Thomas M. Browne	Republican	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Thomas M. Browne (Republican) 50.08% ▌William S. Holman (Democratic) 47.03% ▌William C. Jeffries (Greenback) 2.89%
Indiana 6	Milton S. Robinson	Republican	1874	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain.	▌Y William R. Myers (Democratic) 47.89% ▌William Grose (Republican) 46.06% ▌Reuben A. Riley (Greenback) 6.05%
Indiana 7	John Hanna	Republican	1876	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Greenback gain.	▌Y Gilbert De La Matyr (Greenback)^{[lower-alpha 7]} 51.14% ▌John Hanna (Republican) 48.86%
Indiana 8	Morton C. Hunter	Republican	1872	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain.	▌Y Abraham J. Hostetler (Democratic) 43.56% ▌Morton C. Hunter (Republican) 40.12% ▌Henry A. White (Greenback) 16.31%
Indiana 9	Michael D. White	Republican	1876	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y Godlove S. Orth (Republican) 43.73% ▌James McCabe (Democratic) 43.46% ▌Leroy Templeton (Greenback) 12.81%
Indiana 10	William H. Calkins	Republican	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y William H. Calkins (Republican) 45.16% ▌Morgan H. Weir (Democratic) 39.41% ▌John N. Skinner (Greenback) 15.44%
Indiana 11	James L. Evans	Republican	1874	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y Calvin Cowgill (Republican) 47.23% ▌David D. Dykeman (Democratic) 39.81% ▌David Moss (Greenback) 12.96%
Indiana 12	Andrew H. Hamilton	Democratic	1874	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	▌Y Walpole G. Colerick (Democratic) 63.73% ▌John Studebaker (Democratic) 36.27%
Indiana 13	John Baker	Republican	1874	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John Baker (Republican) 47.20% ▌John B. Stoll (Democratic) 42.04% ▌William C. Williams (Greenback) 10.76%

Iowa

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Iowa 1	Joseph C. Stone	Republican	1876	Lost re-nomination Republican hold.	▌Y Moses A. McCoid (Republican) 48.58% ▌Wesley C. Hobbs (Democratic) 30.38% ▌A. H. Breman (Greenback) 21.05%
Iowa 2	Hiram Price	Republican	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Hiram Price (Republican) 49.75% ▌W. F. Brannan (Democratic) 35.47% ▌Jacob Geiger (Greenback) 14.77%
Iowa 3	Theodore W. Burdick	Republican	1876	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y Thomas Updegraff (Republican) 43.85% ▌Fred O'Donnell (Democratic) 37.52% ▌S. T. Spangler (Greenback) 18.63%
Iowa 4	Nathaniel C. Deering	Republican	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Nathaniel C. Deering (Republican) 60.83% ▌Luman H. Weller (Greenback) 20.38% ▌William V. Allen (Greenback) 18.79%
Iowa 5	Rush Clark	Republican	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Rush Clark (Republican) 52.78% ▌George Carter (Democratic) 44.63% ▌Timothy Brown (Greenback) 2.59%
Iowa 6	Ezekiel S. Sampson	Republican	1874	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Greenback gain.	▌Y James B. Weaver (Greenback)^{[lower-alpha 7]} 53.35% ▌Ezekiel S. Sampson (Republican) 46.65%
Iowa 7	Henry J. B. Cummings	Republican	1876	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Greenback gain.	▌Y Edward H. Gillette (Greenback)^{[lower-alpha 7]} 51.45% ▌Henry J. B. Cummings (Republican) 48.55%
Iowa 8	William F. Sapp	Republican	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y William F. Sapp (Republican) 50.21% ▌George C. Hicks (Greenback) 25.40% ▌John H. Keatley (Democratic) 24.39%
Iowa 9	S. Addison Oliver	Republican	1874	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y Cyrus C. Carpenter (Republican) 54.91% ▌L. Q. Hoggartt (Greenback) 41.08% ▌Walter Brown (Democratic) 4.00%

Kansas

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Kansas 1	William A. Phillips	Republican	1872	Lost re-nomination Republican hold.	▌Y John A. Anderson (Republican) 59.61% ▌J. R. McClure (Democratic) 29.20% ▌E. Gale (Greenback) 11.19%
Kansas 2	Dudley C. Haskell	Republican	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Dudley C. Haskell (Republican) 44.97% ▌C. W. Blair (Democratic) 31.40% ▌P. P. Elder (Greenback) 23.54%
Kansas 3	Thomas Ryan	Republican	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Thomas Ryan (Republican) 56.83% ▌F. Doser (Greenback) 24.90% ▌J. B. Fugate (Democratic) 18.27%

Kentucky

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Kentucky 1	Andrew Boone	Democratic	1874	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Independent Democratic gain.	▌Y Oscar Turner (Ind. Democratic) 42.87% ▌Lawrence S. Trimble (Democratic) 34.97% ▌E. W. Bagby (Republican) 22.15%
Kentucky 2	James A. McKenzie	Democratic	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y James A. McKenzie (Democratic) 61.38% ▌John W. Feighan (Republican) 23.50% ▌Francis M. English (Greenback) 15.12%
Kentucky 3	John W. Caldwell	Democratic	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John W. Caldwell (Democratic) 46.32% ▌W. Godfrey Hunter (Republican) 42.10% ▌George Wright (Greenback) 11.58%
Kentucky 4	J. Proctor Knott	Democratic	1874	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y J. Proctor Knott (Democratic) 65.04% ▌J. D. Belden (Republican) 33.48% ▌John W. Lewis (Greenback) 1.48%
Kentucky 5	Albert S. Willis	Democratic	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Albert S. Willis (Democratic) 40.51% ▌J. Watts Kearney (Democratic) 33.30% ▌Horace Scott (Republican) 24.48% ▌Blanton Duncan (Greenback) 1.70%
Kentucky 6	John G. Carlisle	Democratic	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John G. Carlisle (Democratic) 75.87% ▌Joseph H. Hermes (Independent) 24.13%
Kentucky 7	Joseph C. S. Blackburn	Democratic	1874	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Joseph C. S. Blackburn (Democratic) 69.78% ▌George C. Drane (Republican) 28.68% ▌John L. Scott (Independent) 1.54%
Kentucky 8	Milton J. Durham	Democratic	1872	Incumbent lost re-nomination. New member elected. Democratic hold.	▌Y Philip B. Thompson Jr. (Democratic) 53.80% ▌George Denny (Republican) 46.20%
Kentucky 9	Thomas Turner	Democratic	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Thomas Turner (Democratic) 55.45% ▌John Dills (Republican) 43.15% ▌James G. Carter (Greenback) 1.40%
Kentucky 10	John B. Clarke	Democratic	1874	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	▌Y Elijah Phister (Democratic) 65.34% ▌B. F. Bennett (Republican) 23.70% ▌James Kilgore (Greenback) 10.97%

Louisiana

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Louisiana 1	Randall L. Gibson	Democratic	1874	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Randall L. Gibson (Democratic) 63.60% ▌H. C. Castellanos (Republican) 36.40%
Louisiana 2	E. John Ellis	Democratic	1874	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y E. John Ellis (Democratic) 58.97% ▌E. N. Collom (Greenback) 34.91% ▌Michael Hahn (Republican) 6.12%
Louisiana 3	Joseph H. Acklen	Democratic	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Joseph H. Acklen (Democratic) 48.77% ▌R. O. Herbert (Republican) 33.89% ▌W. B. Merchant (Independent Democratic) 17.34%
Louisiana 4	Joseph B. Elam	Democratic	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Joseph B. Elam (Democratic) 89.15% ▌J. M. Wells (Republican) 10.85%
Louisiana 5	J. Smith Young	Democratic	1878	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	▌Y J. Floyd King (Democratic) 77.87% ▌J. T. Ludling (Republican) 22.13%
Louisiana 6	Edward W. Robertson	Democratic	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Edward W. Robertson (Democratic) 66.14% ▌W. L. Larimore (Independent) 33.86%

Maine

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Maine 1	Thomas B. Reed	Republican	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Thomas B. Reed (Republican) 46.23% ▌Samuel J. Anderson (Democratic) 32.00% ▌Edward H. Gove (Greenback) 21.77%
Maine 2	William P. Frye	Republican	1870	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y William P. Frye (Republican) 49.20% ▌Solon Chase (Greenback) 36.46% ▌S. Clifford Belcher (Democratic) 14.34%
Maine 3	Stephen Lindsey	Republican	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Stephen Lindsey (Republican) 44.39% ▌William Philbrick (Greenback) 32.60% ▌Franklin Smith (Democratic) 23.01%
Maine 4	Llewellyn Powers	Republican	1876	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Greenback gain.	▌Y George W. Ladd (Greenback)^{[lower-alpha 7]} 56.14% ▌Llewellyn Powers (Republican) 43.86%
Maine 5	Eugene Hale	Republican	1868	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Greenback gain.	▌Y Thompson H. Murch (Greenback) 48.43% ▌Eugene Hale (Republican) 42.28% ▌Joseph H. Martin (Democratic) 9.29%

Maryland

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Maryland 1	Daniel M. Henry	Democratic	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Daniel M. Henry (Democratic) 52.49% ▌Samuel A. Graham (Republican) 47.51%
Maryland 2	Charles B. Roberts	Democratic	1874	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	▌Y J. Frederick C. Talbott (Democratic) 66.87% ▌George B. Milligan (Ind. Democratic) 24.48% ▌A. P. McCombs (Greenback) 8.66%
Maryland 3	William Kimmel	Democratic	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y William Kimmel (Democratic) 70.41% ▌Joseph Thompson (Socialist Labor) 29.59%
Maryland 4	Thomas Swann	Democratic	1868	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	▌Y Robert M. McLane (Democratic) 58.98% ▌Jonathan C. Holland (Republican) 35.56% ▌William L. Quigley (Socialist Labor)^{[lower-alpha 8]} 3.34%
Maryland 5	Eli J. Henkle	Democratic	1874	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Eli J. Henkle (Democratic) 53.97% ▌J. Parran Crane (Republican) 45.20% ▌Eugene B. Calvert (Greenback) 0.84%
Maryland 6	William Walsh	Democratic	1874	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain.	▌Y Milton Urner (Republican) 49.69% ▌George Peter (Democratic) 43.62% ▌Horace Resley (Greenback) 6.69%

Massachusetts

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Massachusetts 1	William W. Crapo	Republican	1874	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y William W. Crapo (Republican) 62.32% ▌Matthias Ellis (Democratic) 36.59% ▌Rodney French (Prohibition) 1.09%
Massachusetts 2	Benjamin W. Harris	Republican	1872	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Benjamin W. Harris (Republican) 58.75% ▌Edgar E. Dean (Greenback) 22.05% ▌Edward Avery (Democratic) 17.63% ▌Thomas J. Lothrop (Prohibition) 1.58%
Massachusetts 3	Benjamin Dean	Democratic	1876	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain.	▌Y Walbridge A. Field (Republican) 51.03% ▌Benjamin Dean (Democratic) 48.97%
Massachusetts 4	Leopold Morse	Democratic	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Leopold Morse (Democratic) 60.34% ▌Martin Brimmer (Republican) 39.66%
Massachusetts 5	Nathaniel P. Banks	Republican	1874	Incumbent lost re-nomination. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y Selwyn Z. Bowman (Republican) 58.37% ▌▌Nathan Clark (Democratic)^{[lower-alpha 8]} 41.63%
Massachusetts 6	George B. Loring	Republican	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y George B. Loring (Republican) 44.52% ▌E. Moody Boynton (Greenback) 44.03% ▌James H. Carleton (Democratic) 11.45%
Massachusetts 7	Benjamin Butler	Republican	1876	Incumbent retired to run for governor. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y William A. Russell (Republican) 55.23% ▌John K. Tarbox (Democratic) 32.29% ▌Samuel M. Stevens (Greenback) 11.87% ▌James G. Abbott (Prohibition) 0.60%
Massachusetts 8	William Claflin	Republican	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y William Claflin (Republican) 54.41% ▌Isaac Bradford (Democratic) 44.74% ▌George W. Stacey (Prohibition) 0.85%
Massachusetts 9	William W. Rice	Republican	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y William W. Rice (Republican) 59.02% ▌Eli Thayer (Democratic) 39.78% ▌T. A. Smith (Prohibition) 1.18%
Massachusetts 10	Amasa Norcross	Republican	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Amasa Norcross (Republican) 55.54% ▌Wilbur F. Whitney (Greenback) 29.10% ▌James S. Grinnell (Democratic) 15.36%
Massachusetts 11	George D. Robinson	Republican	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y George D. Robinson (Republican) 51.75% ▌▌Edward H. Lathrop (Democratic)^{[lower-alpha 8]} 37.86% ▌Jarvis N. Dunham (Democratic) 9.80% ▌Albert C. Woodworth (Independent) 0.60%

Michigan

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Michigan 1	Alpheus S. Williams	Democratic	1874	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain.	▌Y John S. Newberry (Republican) 40.85% ▌Alpheus S. Williams (Democratic) 35.37% ▌John Heffron (Greenback) 23.78% ▌Arthur D. Power (Prohibition) 0.22%
Michigan 2	Edwin Willits	Republican	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Edwin Willits (Republican) 40.85% ▌Ira B. Card (Democratic) 29.71% ▌Levi H. Thomas (Greenback) 24.07% ▌A. H. Lowie (Prohibition) 1.73%
Michigan 3	Jonas H. McGowan	Republican	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Jonas H. McGowan (Republican) 41.68% ▌John Dawson (Greenback) 35.78% ▌James S. Upton (Democratic) 18.38% ▌Samuel Dickie (Prohibition) 4.16%
Michigan 4	Edwin W. Keightley	Republican	1876	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y Julius C. Burrows (Republican) 47.14% ▌Andrew J. Eldred (Democratic) 27.06% ▌Thomas R. Sherwood (Greenback) 25.80%
Michigan 5	John W. Stone	Republican	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John W. Stone (Republican) 45.77% ▌Charles C. Comstock (Greenback) 43.73% ▌Hiram J. Hoyt (Democratic) 9.93% ▌Dennis Dreskell (Prohibition) 0.57%
Michigan 6	Mark S. Brewer	Republican	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Mark S. Brewer (Republican) 45.10% ▌Hugh McCurdy (Democratic) 37.99% ▌James I. Meade (Greenback) 15.32% ▌M. M. Burnham (Prohibition) 1.59%
Michigan 7	Omar D. Conger	Republican	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Omar D. Conger (Republican) 47.39% ▌William T. Mitchell (Democratic) 35.48% ▌Charles F. Mallory (Greenback) 17.13%
Michigan 8	Charles C. Ellsworth	Republican	1876	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y Roswell G. Horr (Republican) 39.72% ▌B. M. Thompson (Democratic) 31.70% ▌Herbert M. Hoyt (Greenback) 28.15%
Michigan 9	Jay A. Hubbell	Republican	1872	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Jay A. Hubbell (Republican) 53.08% ▌John Powers (Democratic) 26.01% ▌George Parmelee (Greenback) 20.91%

Minnesota

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Minnesota 1	Mark H. Dunnell	Republican	1870	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Mark H. Dunnell (Republican) 57.48% ▌William Meighan (Democratic)^{[lower-alpha 8]} 39.66% ▌George W. Green (Prohibition) 2.86%
Minnesota 2	Horace B. Strait	Republican	1872	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain.	▌Y Henry Poehler (Democratic) 50.01% ▌Horace B. Strait (Republican) 47.50% ▌George C. Chamberlain (Greenback) 2.06% ▌Isaac C. Stearns (Prohibition) 0.43%
Minnesota 3	Jacob H. Stewart	Republican	1876	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y William D. Washburn (Republican) 53.88% ▌Ignatius L. Donnelly (Democratic)^{[lower-alpha 8]} 46.12%

Mississippi

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Mississippi 1	Henry L. Muldrow	Democratic	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Henry L. Muldrow (Democratic) 59.35% ▌Reuben Davis (Greenback) 40.25% ▌W. D. Frazee (Independent) 0.40%
Mississippi 2	Van H. Manning	Democratic	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Van H. Manning (Democratic) 52.02% ▌J. H. Amacker (Republican) 44.94% ▌C. H. Allen (Independent) 2.88% ▌Daniel B. Wright (Greenback) 0.16%
Mississippi 3	Hernando Money	Democratic	1874	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Hernando Money (Democratic) 100.0%
Mississippi 4	Otho R. Singleton	Democratic	1874	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Otho R. Singleton (Democratic) 100.0%
Mississippi 5	Charles E. Hooker	Democratic	1874	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Charles E. Hooker (Democratic) 87.53% ▌J. B. Deason (Republican) 12.47%
Mississippi 6	James R. Chalmers	Democratic	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y James R. Chalmers (Democratic) 83.26% ▌E. J. Castello (Republican) 16.74%

Missouri

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Missouri 1	Anthony F. Ittner	Republican	1876	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain.	▌Y Martin L. Clardy (Democratic) 48.36% ▌Henry Ziegenhein (Republican) 33.26% ▌Henry Eshbaugh (Greenback) 12.69% ▌F. Westermeyer (Socialist Labor) 5.69%
Missouri 2	Nathan Cole	Republican	1876	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain.	▌Y Erastus Wells (Democratic) 42.70% ▌Nathan Cole (Republican) 41.21% ▌John Hogan (Greenback) 13.31% ▌William Hossfield (Socialist Labor) 2.78%
Missouri 3	Lyne Metcalfe	Republican	1876	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain.	▌Y Richard G. Frost (Democratic) 45.23% ▌Lyne Metcalfe (Republican) 33.25% ▌H. C. Vandillen (Greenback) 13.83% ▌G. Bartholomeus (Socialist Labor) 7.13%
Missouri 4	Robert A. Hatcher	Democratic	1872	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	▌Y Lowndes H. Davis (Democratic) 61.35% ▌Sol G. Kitchen (Greenback) 34.79% ▌Charles E. Moss (Republican) 3.86%
Missouri 5	Richard P. Bland	Democratic	1872	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Richard P. Bland (Democratic) 56.64% ▌J. J. Ware (Greenback) 40.24% ▌W. C. Mings (Independent) 3.11%
Missouri 6	Charles H. Morgan	Democratic	1874	Incumbent lost re-nomination. New member elected. Democratic hold.	▌Y James R. Waddill (Democratic) 43.99% ▌Charles G. Burton (Republican) 28.77% ▌M. H. Ritchey (Greenback) 27.24%
Missouri 7	Thomas T. Crittenden	Democratic	1876	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	▌Y Alfred M. Lay (Democratic) 51.49% ▌James Boyd (Greenback) 26.75% ▌A. A. Underwood (Republican) 21.77%
Missouri 8	Benjamin J. Franklin	Democratic	1874	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Independent Democratic gain.	▌Y Samuel L. Sawyer (Ind. Democratic) 48.95% ▌John T. Crisp (Democratic) 44.87% ▌L. G. Jeffers (Greenback) 6.17%
Missouri 9	David Rea	Democratic	1874	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Greenback gain.	▌Y Nicholas Ford (Greenback) 51.74% ▌David Rea (Democratic) 48.26%
Missouri 10	Henry M. Pollard	Republican	1876	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain.	▌Y Gideon F. Rothwell (Democratic) 47.19% ▌Henry M. Pollard (Republican) 34.69% ▌E. J. Broaddus (Greenback) 18.12%
Missouri 11	John B. Clark Jr.	Democratic	1872	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John B. Clark Jr. (Democratic) 98.92% ▌Scattering (Independent) 1.08%
Missouri 12	John M. Glover	Democratic	1872	Incumbent lost re-nomination. New member elected. Democratic hold.	▌Y William H. Hatch (Democratic) 45.09% ▌John M. London (Greenback) 38.34% ▌Dan M. Draper (Republican) 16.56%
Missouri 13	Aylett H. Buckner	Democratic	1872	Incumbent lost re-nomination. New member elected. Democratic hold.	▌Y Aylett H. Buckner (Democratic) 59.21% ▌T. J. Fagg (Greenback)^{[lower-alpha 9]} 32.57% ▌T. B. Robinson (Ind. Government) 8.22%

Nebraska

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Nebraska at-large	Vacant due to Welch's death			Incumbent died September 4, 1878. New member elected. Republican hold.^{[lower-alpha 10]}	▌Y Edward K. Valentine (Republican) 56.58% ▌J. W. Davis (Democratic)^{[lower-alpha 8]} 43.42%

Nevada

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Nevada at-large	Thomas Wren	Republican	1876	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y Rollin M. Daggett (Republican) 51.81% ▌W. E. Deal (Democratic) 48.19%

New Hampshire

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
New Hampshire 1	Frank Jones	Democratic	1875	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain.	▌Y Joshua G. Hall (Republican) 50.57% ▌Herbert F. Norris (Democratic) 40.88% ▌Lafayette Chesley (Greenback) 8.55%
New Hampshire 2	James F. Briggs	Republican	1877	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y James F. Briggs (Republican) 52.10% ▌Alvah W. Sulloway (Democratic) 39.57% ▌Cyrus A. Sulloway (Greenback) 8.33%
New Hampshire 3	Henry W. Blair	Republican	1877	Incumbent elected to the U.S. Senate. Republican hold.	▌Y Evarts W. Farr (Republican) 49.06% ▌Henry O. Kent (Democratic) 44.68% ▌James W. Johnson (Greenback) 6.27%

New Jersey

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
New Jersey 1	Clement H. Sinnickson	Republican	1874	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y George M. Robeson (Republican) 48.11% ▌C. C. Grosscup (Greenback) 31.85% ▌Nathan T. Stratton (Democratic) 20.04%
New Jersey 2	John H. Pugh	Republican	1876	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain.	▌Y Hezekiah B. Smith (Democratic)^{[lower-alpha 8]} 50.59% ▌John H. Pugh (Republican) 47.44% ▌Charles E. Baker (Prohibition) 1.97%
New Jersey 3	Miles Ross	Democratic	1874	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Miles Ross (Democratic) 44.15% ▌Amos Clark (Republican) 43.06% ▌Washington L. Hope (Greenback) 12.56% ▌James A. Bradley (Prohibition) 0.24%
New Jersey 4	Alvah A. Clark	Democratic	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Alvah A. Clark (Democratic) 45.05% ▌Frederick A. Potts (Republican) 38.77% ▌George H. Larison (Greenback) 16.18%
New Jersey 5	Augustus W. Cutler	Democratic	1874	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain.	▌Y Charles H. Voorhis (Republican) 44.92% ▌Thomas W. Demarest (Democratic) 41.60% ▌Erastus E. Potter (Greenback) 13.48%
New Jersey 6	Thomas B. Peddie	Republican	1876	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y John L. Blake (Republican) 49.72% ▌Andrew Albright (Democratic) 43.19% ▌Francis C. Bliss (Greenback) 7.09%
New Jersey 7	Augustus A. Hardenbergh	Democratic	1874	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain.	▌Y Lewis A. Brigham (Republican) 50.82% ▌Patrick H. Laverty (Democratic) 43.26% ▌J. B. Winant (Greenback) 5.48% ▌C. C. Burr (Ind. Democratic) 0.44%

New York

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
New York 1	James W. Covert	Democratic	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y James W. Covert (Democratic) 50.84% ▌James Otis (Republican) 43.44% ▌Samuel J. Crooks (Greenback) 5.27% ▌Egbert T. Smith (Prohibition) 0.45%
New York 2	William D. Veeder	Democratic	1876	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Independent Democratic gain.	▌Y Daniel O'Reilly (Ind. Democratic)^{[lower-alpha 9]} 55.24% ▌Edward C. Litchfield (Democratic) 41.54% ▌Abraham Bennett (Greenback) 3.22%
New York 3	Simeon B. Chittenden	Republican	1874 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Simeon B. Chittenden (Republican) 58.40% ▌Richard H. Huntley (Democratic) 35.10% ▌Joseph P. Jones (Greenback) 3.51% ▌N. McGregor Steele (Prohibition) 3.00%
New York 4	Archibald M. Bliss	Democratic	1874	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Archibald M. Bliss (Democratic) 54.03% ▌William H. Lyon (Republican) 36.28% ▌C. Osborn Ward (Socialist Labor) 3.45% ▌John C. Keelly (Ind. Democratic) 3.23% ▌William Hanson (Greenback) 3.01%
New York 5	Nicholas Muller	Democratic	1874	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Nicholas Muller (Tammany Hall Dem.) 52.27% ▌Thomas F. Burke (Republican)^{[lower-alpha 11]} 45.98% ▌George Blair (Greenback) 1.55% ▌James E. Kerrigan (Greenback) 0.10% ▌Alexander Frey (Socialist Labor) 0.10%
New York 6	Samuel S. Cox	Democratic	1873 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Samuel S. Cox (Tammany Hall Dem.)^{[lower-alpha 8]} 62.44% ▌Maurice S. D'Vries (Republican)^{[lower-alpha 11]} 36.22% ▌Isaac Bennett (Socialist Labor) 1.34%
New York 7	Anthony Eickhoff	Democratic	1876	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain.	▌Y Edwin Einstein (Republican) 48.53% ▌Anthony Eickhoff (Democratic) 45.63% ▌John W. Jahelka (Greenback) 5.12% ▌Thomas Green (Independent) 0.72%
New York 8	Anson G. McCook	Republican	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Anson G. McCook (Republican) 60.73% ▌Lawrence R. Jerome (Democratic)^{[lower-alpha 8]} 35.49% ▌William W. Averill (Ind. Greenback) 3.68% ▌Frederick E. Sinner (Socialist Labor) 0.09%
New York 9	Fernando Wood	Democratic	1866	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Fernando Wood (Tammany Hall Dem.) 37.12% ▌John Hardy (Anti-Tammany Dem.) 33.05% ▌Wilson Berryman (Republican) 29.21% ▌Joseph Kunze (Greenback) 0.62%
New York 10	Abram Hewitt	Democratic	1874	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Independent Democratic gain.	▌Y James O'Brien (Anti-Tammany Dem.)^{[lower-alpha 9]}^{[lower-alpha 12]} 54.16% ▌Orlando B. Potter (Tammany Hall Dem.) 43.29% ▌John G. Shuck (Independent) 1.54% ▌Garret Nagle (Independent) 1.01%
New York 11	Benjamin A. Willis	Democratic	1874	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain.	▌Y Levi P. Morton (Republican) 65.65% ▌Benjamin A. Willis (Tammany Hall Dem.) 32.92% ▌G. Wallace Bryant (Anti-Tammany Dem.) 1.18%
New York 12	Clarkson Nott Potter	Democratic	1876	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain.	▌Y Alexander Smith (Republican) 49.64% ▌Marcius L. Cobb (Democratic) 39.76% ▌Nicholas Smith (Greenback) 10.60%
New York 13	John H. Ketcham	Republican	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John H. Ketcham (Republican) 62.78% ▌Orlando D. Baker (Democratic) 33.39% ▌John V. Doty (Greenback) 2.73% ▌George Potter (Prohibition) 0.85% ▌Aaron J. Stevens (Independent) 0.26%
New York 14	George M. Beebe	Democratic	1874	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain.	▌Y John W. Ferdon (Republican) 44.43% ▌George M. Beebe (Democratic) 42.42% ▌William Voorhis (Greenback) 12.22% ▌Stephen Merritt (Prohibition) 0.93%
New York 15	Stephen L. Mayham	Democratic	1876	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	▌Y William Lounsbery (Democratic) 47.52% ▌George S. Nichols (Republican) 39.75% ▌John R. Erkson (Greenback) 12.24% ▌James H. Coutant (Prohibition) 0.49%
New York 16	Terence J. Quinn	Democratic	1876	Incumbent Terence J. Quinn died June 18, 1878. New member elected. Republican gain. Successor also elected the same day to finish the term.	▌Y John Mosher Bailey (Republican) 41.13% ▌Francis H. Woods (Democratic) 40.47% ▌Henry Hilton (Greenback) 18.39%
New York 17	Martin I. Townsend	Republican	1874	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y Walter A. Wood (Republican) 55.34% ▌Charles E. Patterson (Democratic) 31.86% ▌Richard H. Ferguson (Greenback) 12.80%
New York 18	Andrew Williams	Republican	1874	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y John Hammond (Republican) 54.84% ▌John Ross (Democratic) 29.69% ▌Leonard G. McDonald (Greenback) 15.47%
New York 19	Amaziah B. James	Republican	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Amaziah B. James (Republican) 70.59% ▌Louis Hasbrouck (Democratic) 29.41%
New York 20	John H. Starin	Republican	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John H. Starin (Republican) 56.71% ▌Alexander J. Thomson (Democratic) 34.78% ▌Frederick F. Wendell (Greenback) 8.27% ▌James H. Bronson (Prohibition) 0.24%
New York 21	Solomon Bundy	Republican	1876	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y David Wilber (Republican) 48.07% ▌Bryon J. Scofield (Democratic) 31.82% ▌Salmon G. Cone (Greenback) 18.81% ▌Fred T. Jarvis (Prohibition) 1.29%
New York 22	George A. Bagley	Republican	1874	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y Warner Miller (Republican) 51.39% ▌Levi H. Brown (Democratic) 40.33% ▌Harry Lewis (Greenback) 7.27% ▌Simon P. Gray (Prohibition) 1.00%
New York 23	William J. Bacon	Republican	1876	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y Cyrus D. Prescott (Republican) 42.95% ▌John T. Spriggs (Democratic)^{[lower-alpha 8]} 38.41% ▌James Mitchell (Greenback) 16.61% ▌John W. Meais (Prohibition) 1.98%
New York 24	William H. Baker	Republican	1874	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y Joseph Mason (Republican) 50.65% ▌Sebastian Duffy (Democratic) 47.55% ▌Winfield S. Smyth (Prohibition) 1.80%
New York 25	Frank Hiscock	Republican	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Frank Hiscock (Republican) 55.96% ▌John M. Weiting (Democratic)^{[lower-alpha 8]} 42.83% ▌Lemuel N. Stratton (Prohibition) 1.21%
New York 26	John H. Camp	Republican	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John H. Camp (Republican) 53.02% ▌Charles F. Durston (Democratic) 40.55% ▌Martin L. Wolley (Greenback) 6.05% ▌William D. Osborne (Prohibition) 0.38%
New York 27	Elbridge G. Lapham	Republican	1874	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Elbridge G. Lapham (Republican) 54.47% ▌David A. Pierpont (Democratic)^{[lower-alpha 8]} 45.42% ▌Thomas H. Howell (Prohibition) 0.11%
New York 28	Jeremiah W. Dwight	Republican	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Jeremiah W. Dwight (Republican) 54.47% ▌William L. Mudge (Democratic) 38.72% ▌Epenetus Howe (Greenback) 6.53% ▌Gardine C. Hibbard (Prohibition) 0.73%
New York 29	John N. Hungerford	Republican	1876	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y David P. Richardson (Republican) 42.82% ▌Francis G. Babcock (Democratic) 32.75% ▌Ralph Beaumont (Greenback) 24.43%
New York 30	Elizur K. Hart	Democratic	1876	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain.	▌Y John Van Voorhis (Republican) 43.49% ▌Alexander B. Lamberton (Democratic) 37.55% ▌Nathan G. Brown (Greenback) 10.00% ▌Alphonso A. Hopkins (Prohibition) 8.97%
New York 31	Charles B. Benedict	Democratic	1876	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain.	▌Y Richard Crowley (Republican) 56.33% ▌Cyrus E. Davis (Democratic) 39.17% ▌Galen Miller (Greenback) 2.51% ▌Joseph W. Grosvenor (Prohibition) 1.03% ▌James F. Gordon (Independent) 0.96%
New York 32	Daniel N. Lockwood	Democratic	1876	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain.	▌Y Ray V. Pierce (Republican) 52.34% ▌Daniel N. Lockwood (Democratic) 44.37% ▌Augustus R. Grote (Prohibition) 3.28%
New York 33	George W. Patterson	Republican	1876	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y Henry Van Aernam (Republican) 49.87% ▌Lorenzo Morris (Democratic) 29.55% ▌Silas Vinton (Greenback) 20.58%

Pennsylvania

South Carolina

South Carolina was rampant with voter fraud, particularly through the use of tissue ballots, thin ballots hidden in the normal ballot, typically 10 to 20 at a time. The almost statewide exclusion of Republicans as Commissioners of Elections, and the ensuing appointment of nearly all Democratic Managers of Elections, allowed to Democratic Managers to perpetrate this scheme. When the votes were counted and more votes than voters were found, the Managers removed and destroyed the Republican ballots resulting in the complete takeover of the state.^[5]^[6]^[7]

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
South Carolina 1	Joseph Rainey	Republican	1870 (special)	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain.	▌Y John S. Richardson (Democratic) 61.70% ▌Joseph Rainey (Republican) 38.30%
South Carolina 2	Richard H. Cain	Republican	1876	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain.	▌Y Michael P. O'Connor (Democratic) 60.94% ▌Edmund W. M. Mackey (Republican) 39.06%
South Carolina 3	D. Wyatt Aiken	Democratic	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y D. Wyatt Aiken (Democratic) 79.44% ▌J. F. Ensor (Republican) 20.56%
South Carolina 4	John H. Evins	Democratic	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John H. Evins (Democratic) 96.84% ▌Alexander S. Wallace (Republican) 3.16%
South Carolina 5	Robert Smalls	Republican	1874	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain.	▌Y George D. Tillman (Democratic) 71.24% ▌Robert Smalls (Republican) 28.76%

Tennessee

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Tennessee 1	James H. Randolph	Republican	1876	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain.	▌Y Robert L. Taylor (Democratic) 51.61% ▌Augustus H. Pettibone (Republican) 48.39%^[8]
Tennessee 2	Jacob M. Thornburgh	Republican	1872	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y Leonidas C. Houk (Republican) 57.12% ▌Albert G. Watkins (Ind. Democratic) 42.88%^[9]
Tennessee 3	George G. Dibrell	Democratic	1874	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y George G. Dibrell (Democratic) 69.09% ▌Xenophon Wheeler (Republican) 30.91%^[10]
Tennessee 4	Haywood Y. Riddle	Democratic	1875 (special)	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	▌Y Benton McMillin (Democratic) 64.99% ▌E. J. Golladay (Ind. Democratic) 35.01%^[11]
Tennessee 5	John M. Bright	Democratic	1870	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John M. Bright (Democratic) 65.41% ▌B. F. Lillard (Democratic) 20.23% ▌James A. Warder (Republican) 7.53% ▌P. C. Isbell (Greenback) 6.83%^[12]
Tennessee 6	John F. House	Democratic	1874	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John F. House (Democratic) 57.18% ▌George F. Akers (Greenback) 27.75% ▌William F. Prosser (Republican) 14.29% ▌Jonathan A. Campbell (Ind. Greenback) 0.77%^[13]
Tennessee 7	Washington C. Whitthorne	Democratic	1870	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Washington C. Whitthorne (Democratic) 43.16% ▌Jonathan H. Moore (Democratic) 36.29% ▌A. M. Hughes (Republican) 20.55%^[14]
Tennessee 8	John D. C. Atkins	Democratic	1872	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John D. C. Atkins (Democratic) 61.40% ▌James T. Warren (Greenback) 38.60%^[15]
Tennessee 9	William P. Caldwell	Democratic	1874	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	▌Y Charles B. Simonton (Democratic) 63.68% ▌Gideon B. Black (Greenback) 36.32%^[16]
Tennessee 10	H. Casey Young	Democratic	1874	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y H. Casey Young (Democratic) 54.79% ▌William M. Randolph (Republican) 31.74% ▌A. J. Keller (Greenback) 13.47%^[17]

Texas

Vermont

Virginia

West Virginia

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
West Virginia 1	Benjamin Wilson	Democratic	1874	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Benjamin Wilson (Democratic) 48.95% ▌J. R. Hubbard (Republican) 38.43% ▌James Bassell (Greenback) 12.62%^[18]
West Virginia 2	Benjamin F. Martin	Democratic	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Benjamin F. Martin (Democratic) 56.61% ▌F. A. Burr (Republican) 27.85% ▌J. H. Thompson (Greenback) 15.53%^[19]
West Virginia 3	John E. Kenna	Democratic	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John E. Kenna (Democratic) 54.01% ▌Henry I. Walker (Republican) 45.99%^[20]

Wisconsin

Wisconsin elected eight members of congress on Election Day, November 5, 1878.^[21]^[22]

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Wisconsin 1	Charles G. Williams	Republican	1872	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Charles G. Williams (Republican) 59.5% ▌Charles H. Parker (Greenback) 40.5%
Wisconsin 2	Lucien B. Caswell	Republican	1874	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Lucien B. Caswell (Republican) 51.5% ▌Romanzo E. Davis (Democratic) 38.8% ▌Horace A. Tenney (Greenback) 9.7%
Wisconsin 3	George C. Hazelton	Republican	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y George C. Hazelton (Republican) 50.2% ▌Owen King (Democratic) 49.8%
Wisconsin 4	William Pitt Lynde	Democratic	1874	Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Democratic hold.	▌Y Peter V. Deuster (Democratic) 47.4% ▌Leander F. Frisby (Republican) 46.8% ▌Truman H. Judd (Greenback) 5.7%
Wisconsin 5	Edward S. Bragg	Democratic	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Edward S. Bragg (Democratic) 46.2% ▌Hiram N. Smith (Republican) 38.3% ▌David Giddings (Greenback) 15.5%
Wisconsin 6	Gabriel Bouck	Democratic	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Gabriel Bouck (Democratic) 45.9% ▌James V. Jones (Republican) 37.6% ▌George McKendree Steele (Greenback) 16.5%
Wisconsin 7	Herman L. Humphrey	Republican	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Herman L. Humphrey (Republican) 54.2% ▌Charles D. Parker (Democratic) 45.8%
Wisconsin 8	Thaddeus C. Pound	Republican	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Thaddeus C. Pound (Republican) 52.8% ▌Augustus Barrows (Democratic) 47.2%

Non-voting delegates

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Arizona Territory at-large
Dakota Territory at-large	Jefferson P. Kidder	Republican	1874	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Independent Republican gain.	▌Y Granville G. Bennett (Ind. Republican) ▌Jefferson P. Kidder (Republican) [data missing]^[23]
Idaho Territory at-large	Stephen S. Fenn	Democratic	1874	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	▌Y George Ainslie (Democratic) 61.37% ▌Jonas W. Brown (Republican) 38.63%^[24]
Montana Territory at-large	Martin Maginnis	Democratic	1872	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Martin Maginnis (Democratic) 70.40% ▌Sample Orr (Republican) 29.60%^[25]
New Mexico Territory at-large
Utah Territory at-large
Washington Territory at-large
Wyoming Territory at-large	William W. Corlett	Republican	1876	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y Stephen W. Downey (Republican) 58.33% ▌E. L. Pease (Democratic) 41.85%^[26]

Notes

1 2 Dubin (p. 249) counts 140 Democrats, 6 Independent Democrats, 130 Republicans (incl. 1 Independent Republican), and 11 Greenbacks at the start of the 46th United States Congress.
↑ Included 2 Independent Democrats.
↑ Includes 7 Independent Democrats.
↑ In 1879, California held its last regular congressional election in an odd-numbered year.
↑ There were 7 Independent Democrats
↑ There were 13 Greenbacks
1 2 3 4 also endorsed by the Democrats
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Also endorsed by the Greenbacks
1 2 3 Also endorsed by the Republicans
↑ Thomas Jefferson Majors, who was elected to complete Frank Welch's term in the 45th Congress, was elected as "member-contingent". He believed that Nebraska was entitled to a second congressional seat, and so was elected to fill that seat if Congress had approved it.^[4]
1 2 Also endorsed by the "Anti-Tammany" Democrats
↑ For the purposes of simplicity he is listed as having been elected an Independent Democrat.

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Martis, pp. 132–133
↑ 5 Stat. 721
↑ "The Beatrice Democrat is reminded". The Tecumseh Chieftain. August 23, 1890. p. 4. Retrieved June 12, 2023. Thos. J. Majors, has for his opponent Dr. Alex Bear. These two gentlemen were pitted against each other some years ago, as candidates for congress of their respective parties, to fill out the unexpired term of Frank Welch.
↑ United States Congressional Serial Set: Volume 2159. Page 543.
↑ "NY Times Free Archive" (PDF). The New York Times. November 16, 1878.
↑ "NY Times Free Archive" (PDF). The New York Times. February 5, 1879.
↑ William Ralston Balch (1881). The Life of James Abram Garfield.
↑ "TN - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
↑ "TN - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
↑ "TN - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
↑ "TN - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
↑ "TN - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
↑ "TN - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
↑ "TN - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
↑ "TN - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
↑ "TN - District 09". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
↑ "TN - District 10". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
↑ "WV District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
↑ "WV District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
↑ "WV District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
↑ "Wisconsin U.S. House Election Results" (PDF). Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 5, 2012. Retrieved November 19, 2021 – via Wayback Machine.
↑ Warner, Hans B., ed. (1880). "Biographical Sketches" (PDF). The Blue Book of the State of Wisconsin (Report). Madison, Wisconsin: State of Wisconsin. pp. 491–494. Retrieved November 19, 2021.
↑ "DK Territorial Delegate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
↑ "ID Territorial Delegate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 3 April 2021.
↑ "MT Territorial Delegate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
↑ "WY Territorial Delegate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 11 April 2021.

Bibliography

Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
"Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.

External links

Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[Dubin-2] 1 2 Dubin (p. 249) counts 140 Democrats, 6 Independent Democrats, 130 Republicans (incl. 1 Independent Republican), and 11 Greenbacks at the start of the 46th United States Congress.

[3] Included 2 Independent Democrats.

[7IR-4] Includes 7 Independent Democrats.

[5] In 1879, California held its last regular congressional election in an odd-numbered year.

[6] There were 7 Independent Democrats

[7] There were 13 Greenbacks

[Also_Democratic-10] 1 2 3 4 also endorsed by the Democrats

[Also_Greenback-11] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Also endorsed by the Greenbacks

[Also_Republican-12] 1 2 3 Also endorsed by the Republicans

[14] Thomas Jefferson Majors, who was elected to complete Frank Welch's term in the 45th Congress, was elected as "member-contingent". He believed that Nebraska was entitled to a second congressional seat, and so was elected to fill that seat if Congress had approved it.^[4]

[Also_Anti-Tammany-15] 1 2 Also endorsed by the "Anti-Tammany" Democrats

[16] For the purposes of simplicity he is listed as having been elected an Independent Democrat.

[Martis-1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Martis, pp. 132–133

[8] 5 Stat. 721

[9] "The Beatrice Democrat is reminded". The Tecumseh Chieftain. August 23, 1890. p. 4. Retrieved June 12, 2023. Thos. J. Majors, has for his opponent Dr. Alex Bear. These two gentlemen were pitted against each other some years ago, as candidates for congress of their respective parties, to fill out the unexpired term of Frank Welch.

[13] United States Congressional Serial Set: Volume 2159. Page 543.

[17] "NY Times Free Archive" (PDF). The New York Times. November 16, 1878.

[18] "NY Times Free Archive" (PDF). The New York Times. February 5, 1879.

[19] William Ralston Balch (1881). The Life of James Abram Garfield.

[20] "TN - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 23 February 2021.

[21] "TN - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 23 February 2021.

[22] "TN - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 23 February 2021.

[23] "TN - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 23 February 2021.

[24] "TN - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 23 February 2021.

[25] "TN - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 23 February 2021.

[26] "TN - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 23 February 2021.

[27] "TN - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 23 February 2021.

[28] "TN - District 09". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 23 February 2021.

[29] "TN - District 10". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 23 February 2021.

[30] "WV District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 17 April 2021.

[31] "WV District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 17 April 2021.

[32] "WV District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 17 April 2021.

[33] "Wisconsin U.S. House Election Results" (PDF). Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 5, 2012. Retrieved November 19, 2021 – via Wayback Machine.

[34] Warner, Hans B., ed. (1880). "Biographical Sketches" (PDF). The Blue Book of the State of Wisconsin (Report). Madison, Wisconsin: State of Wisconsin. pp. 491–494. Retrieved November 19, 2021.

[35] "DK Territorial Delegate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 6 April 2021.

[36] "ID Territorial Delegate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 3 April 2021.

[37] "MT Territorial Delegate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 4 April 2021.

[38] "WY Territorial Delegate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 11 April 2021.

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