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16 of the 48 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) 25 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Results: Jacksonian Hold Jacksonian Gain Anti-Jacksonian Hold Anti-Jacksonian Gain Legislature Failed To Elect | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The 1824–25 United States Senate Elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1824 and 1825, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 3.
The Jacksonians gained a majority over the Anti-Jacksonian National Republican Party.
Results summary
Senate party division, 19th Congress (1825–1827)
- Majority party: Jacksonian (26)
- Minority party: Anti-Jacksonian (22)
- Total seats: 48
Change in composition
Before the elections
| DR1 | DR1 | DR3 | DR4 | ||||||
| DR14 | DR13 | DR12 | DR11 | DR10 | DR9 | DR8 | DR7 | DR6 | DR5 |
| DR15 | DR16 | DR17 | DR18 | DR19 | DR20 | DR21 | DR22 | DR23 | DR24 |
| Majority → | |||||||||
| DR34 Ohio Ran new party |
DR33 N.C. Ran new party |
DR32 Mo. Ran new party |
DR31 Md. Ran new party |
DR30 La. Ran new party |
DR29 Conn. Ran new party |
DR28 | DR27 | DR26 | DR25 |
| DR35 S.C. Ran new party |
DR36 Ala. Unknown |
DR37 Ga. Unknown |
DR38 Ill. Unknown |
DR39 Ky. Unknown |
DR40 N.H. Unknown |
DR41 Ind. Retired |
DR42 Pa. Retired |
DR43 Vt. Retired |
Fa5 N.Y. Retired |
| Fa1 | Fa2 | Fa3 | Fa4 | ||||||
Election results
| DR1 | DR1 | DR3 | DR4 | ||||||
| DR14 | DR13 | DR12 | DR11 | DR10 | DR9 | DR8 | DR7 | DR6 | DR5 |
| DR15 | DR16 | DR17 | DR18 | DR19 | DR20 | DR21 | DR22 | DR23 | DR24 |
| Majority → | |||||||||
| AJ6 Pa. Gain |
AJ5 Ohio Gain |
AJ4 Ind. Gain |
AJ3 Vt. Re-elected new party |
AJ2 Mo. Re-elected new party |
AJ1 La. Re-elected new party |
DR28 | DR27 | DR26 | DR25 |
| V1 Conn. DR Loss |
V2 N.Y. F Loss |
J8 N.H. Gain |
J7 Ky. Gain |
J6 Ill. Gain |
J5 Ga. Gain |
J4 Ala. Gain |
J3 S.C. Re-elected new party |
J2 N.C. Re-elected new party |
J1 Md. Re-elected new party |
| Fa1 | Fa2 | Fa3 | Fa4 | ||||||
Beginning of the next Congress
| AJ1 | AJ2 | AJ3 | AJ4 | ||||||
| AJ14 | AJ13 | AJ12 | AJ11 | AJ10 | AJ9 | AJ8 | AJ7 | AJ6 | AJ5 |
| AJ15 | AJ16 | AJ17 | AJ18 | AJ19 | AJ20 | V1 | V2 | V3 | J25 |
| Majority → | J24 | ||||||||
| J15 | J16 | J17 | J18 | J19 | J20 | J21 | J22 | J23 | |
| J14 | J13 | J12 | J11 | J10 | J9 | J8 | J7 | J6 | J5 |
| J1 | J2 | J3 | J4 | ||||||
| Key: |
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Race summaries
Bold states link to specific election articles.
Special elections during the 18th Congress
In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1824 or before March 4, 1825; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Delaware (Class 2) |
Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect. Incumbent re-elected late January 9, 1824. Federalist gain. |
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| Delaware (Class 1) |
Vacant | Caesar A. Rodney (DR) had resigned January 29, 1823 in the previous Congress. Successor elected January 13, 1824. Federalist gain. |
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| Louisiana (Class 3) |
James Brown | Democratic-Republican | 1819 | Incumbent resigned December 10, 1823 to become U.S. Minister to France. Successor elected January 15, 1824.[4] Democratic-Republican hold. Successor later re-elected, see below. |
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| Connecticut (Class 2) |
Henry W. Edwards | Democratic-Republican | 1823 (Appointed) | Interim appointee elected May 5, 1824. |
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| Louisiana (Class 2) |
Henry Johnson | Democratic-Republican | 1818 (Appointed) 1823 (special) |
Incumbent resigned May 27, 1824 to become Governor of Louisiana. Successor elected November 19, 1824. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| Illinois (Class 3) |
Ninian Edwards | Democratic-Republican | 1818 1819 |
Incumbent resigned March 3, 1824. Successor elected November 24, 1824 on the third ballot, but not to next term. Democratic-Republican hold. |
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| Georgia (Class 2) |
Nicholas Ware | Democratic-Republican | 1821 (special) 1823 |
Incumbent died September 7, 1824. Successor elected December 6, 1824. Democratic-Republican hold. |
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| Virginia (Class 2) |
John Taylor | Democratic-Republican | 1792 (special) 1793 |
Died August 21, 1824. Successor elected December 7, 1824. Democratic-Republican hold. |
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Races leading to the 19th Congress
In these general elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1825 (except where noted due to late election); ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Alabama | William Kelly | Democratic-Republican (Jackson faction) | 1822 (special) | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Successor elected in 1824.[8] Jacksonian gain. |
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| Connecticut | James Lanman | Democratic-Republican (Crawford faction) | 1818 | Incumbent re-elected in 1824[9] but disqualified. Democratic-Republican loss. |
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| Georgia | John Elliott | Democratic-Republican (Crawford faction) | 1819 | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Successor elected in 1824.[10] Jacksonian gain. |
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| Illinois | Ninian Edwards | Democratic-Republican (Adams-Clay faction) | 1818 1819 |
Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Successor elected in 1824 on the tenth ballot.[11] Jacksonian gain. |
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| Indiana | Waller Taylor | Democratic-Republican (Adams-Clay faction) | 1816 1818 |
Incumbent retired. Successor elected in 1825 on the fourth ballot.[12] Anti-Jacksonian gain. |
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| Kentucky | Isham Talbot | Democratic-Republican (Adams-Clay faction) | 1815 (special) 1819 (Lost or retired) 1820 (special) |
Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Successor elected in 1824.[13] Jacksonian gain. |
|
| Louisiana | Josiah S. Johnston | Democratic-Republican (Adams-Clay faction) | 1824 | Incumbent re-elected in 1825 on the second ballot as an Anti-Jacksonian.[14] |
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| Maryland | Edward Lloyd | Democratic-Republican (Crawford faction) | 1819 | Incumbent re-elected in 1825 as a Jacksonian. |
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| Missouri | David Barton | Democratic-Republican (Adams-Clay faction) | 1821 | Incumbent re-elected in 1824 as an Anti-Jacksonian.[16] |
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| New Hampshire | John F. Parrott | Democratic-Republican (Adams-Clay faction) | 1818 | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Successor elected in 1825 on the forty-first ballot.[lower-alpha 1][17] Jacksonian gain. Successor seated late March 16, 1825. |
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| New York | Rufus King | Federalist (Adams-Clay faction) | 1789 1795 1796 (Resigned) 1813 1819/1820 |
Incumbent retired. Vacant due to a deadlock in the New York State Legislature.[18][19] Federalist loss. |
|
| North Carolina | Nathaniel Macon | Democratic-Republican (Crawford faction) | 1815 (special) 1818 |
Incumbent re-elected in 1824 as a Jacksonian.[20] |
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| Ohio | Ethan Allen Brown | Democratic-Republican (Adams-Clay faction) | 1822 (special) | Incumbent lost re-election. Successor elected in 1825 on the fourth ballot.[21] Anti-Jacksonian gain. |
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| Pennsylvania | Walter Lowrie | Democratic-Republican (Crawford faction) | 1818 | Incumbent retired. Successor elected in February 1825 on the thirty-second ballot.[22] Anti-Jacksonian gain. |
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| South Carolina | John Gaillard | Democratic-Republican (Crawford faction) | 1804 (special) 1806 1812 1818 |
Incumbent re-elected in 1824 on the second ballot as a Jacksonian.[23] |
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| Vermont | William A. Palmer | Democratic-Republican (Adams-Clay faction) | 1818 (special) 1818 |
Incumbent retired. Successor elected in 1824 on the fourth ballot.[24] Anti-Jacksonian gain. |
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Special elections during the 19th Congress
In these special elections, the winners were seated in 1825 after March 4; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Connecticut (Class 3) |
Vacant | Vacant due to credentials challenge. Successor elected May 4, 1825. Anti-Jacksonian gain. |
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| Rhode Island (Class 2) |
James DeWolf | Anti-Jacksonian | 1820 or 1821 | Incumbent resigned October 31, 1825. Successor elected October 31, 1825. Anti-Jacksonian hold. |
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Alabama
Connecticut
Connecticut (special, class 2)
Connecticut (regular)
Connecticut (special, class 3)
Delaware
Delaware (special, class 1)
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29 members of the Delaware General Assembly | |||||||||||||||||||
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Incumbent Democratic-Republican Caesar A. Rodney resigned on January 29, 1823, after being appointed U.S. Minister Plenipotentiary to the United Provinces of the River Plate, an office now known as the U.S. Ambassador to Argentina, by President James Monroe. A special election was held on January 13, 1824. Federalist Anti-Jacksonian Thomas Clayton, a Delaware State Senator and former congressman was elected to the office, beating Delaware State Representative Henry M. Ridgely, who was also a Federalist, but one with Jacksonian sympathies.
Delaware (special, class 2)
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28 members of the Delaware General Assembly | |||||||||||||||||
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The Delaware General Assembly had failed to elect a senator in the previous election cycle. Nicholas Van Dyke, the incumbent, was reelected late.
Georgia
Georgia (special)
Georgia (regular)
Illinois
Illinois (special)
Incumbent Democratic-Republican Ninian Edwards resigned on March 3, 1824, to become the U.S. Minister to Mexico, although he never took office. Former Speaker of the Illinois House of Representatives John McLean, a Democratic-Republican was elected to take his place on November 24, 1824.
Illinois (regular)
Indiana
Kentucky
Louisiana
Louisiana (special)
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56 members of the Louisiana State Legislature | |||||||||||||||||||
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Incumbent Democratic-Republican James Brown resigned on December 10, 1823, to become the U.S. Minister to France. A special election was held on January 15, 1824. Both candidates were Democratic-Republicans but were split over loyalties to Andrew Jackson. The Anti-Jacksonian, former congressman Josiah S. Johnston narrowly defeated Jacksonian congressman Edward Livingston.
Louisiana (regular)
Maryland
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80 members of the Maryland General Assembly | ||||||||||||||||
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Edward Lloyd won election over Ezekiel F. Chambers by a margin of 22.47%, or 20 votes, for the Class 3 seat.[26]
Missouri
New Hampshire
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
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Incumbent Democratic-Republican Jacksonian Ethan Allen Brown was elected in an 1822 special election following the death of William A. Trimble. He was defeated for reelection by William Henry Harrison, a former congressman and war hero, who was an Anti-Jacksonian.
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island (special)
South Carolina
Vermont
Virginia (special)
See also
Notes
- ↑ There were 36 ballots in 1824 in which the New Hampshire House of Representatives and New Hampshire Senate would not agree on a U.S. senator. Balloting continued into 1825, and Woodbury was finally elected on the 5th ballot.
References
- ↑ "17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)". National Archives and Records Administration. February 8, 2022.
- ↑ "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
- ↑ "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
- 1 2 "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
- ↑ "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
- ↑ "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
- ↑ "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
- ↑ "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
- ↑ "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
- ↑ "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
- 1 2 "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
- ↑ "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
- ↑ "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
- ↑ "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
- ↑ "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
- ↑ "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
- 1 2 "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
- ↑ "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
- ↑ "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
- ↑ "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
- ↑ "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
- 1 2 "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
- 1 2 "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
- ↑ "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
- ↑ "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu.
- ↑ "Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Jan 25, 1825". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2022-11-05.
- Party Division in the Senate, 1889-Present, via Senate.gov
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