Soviet Union
1924–1991
Shirt badge/Association crest
Nickname(s)Red Army
AssociationFootball Federation of the Soviet Union
Most capsOleg Blokhin (112)
Top scorerOleg Blokhin (42)
Home stadiumCentral Lenin Stadium
FIFA codeURS
First colours
Second colours
FIFA ranking
Highest1 (July 1960)
First international
 Soviet Union 3–0 Turkey 
(Moscow, Soviet Union; 16 November 1924)
Last international
 Cyprus 0–3 Soviet Union 
(Larnaca, Cyprus; 13 November 1991)
Biggest win
 Soviet Union 11–1 India 
(Moscow, Soviet Union; 16 September 1955)
 Finland 0–10 Soviet Union 
(Helsinki, Finland; 15 August 1957)
Biggest defeat
 England 5–0 Soviet Union 
(London, England; 22 October 1958)
World Cup
Appearances7 (first in 1958)
Best resultFourth place, 1966
European Championship
Appearances6 (first in 1960)
Best resultChampions, 1960
Medal record
Men's football
UEFA European Championship
Gold medal – first place1960 FranceTeam
Silver medal – second place1964 SpainTeam
Silver medal – second place1972 BelgiumTeam
Silver medal – second place1988 West GermanyTeam
Olympic Games
Gold medal – first place1956 MelbourneTeam
Gold medal – first place1988 SeoulTeam
Bronze medal – third place1972 MunichTeam
Bronze medal – third place1976 MontrealTeam
Bronze medal – third place1980 MoscowTeam

The Soviet Union national football team (Russian: сбо́рная СССР по футбо́лу, tr. sbórnaya SSSR po futbólu) was the national football team of the former Soviet Union from 1922-1992.

After the breakup of the Union the team was transformed into the CIS national football team. FIFA considers the CIS national football team (and ultimately, the Russia national football team) as the Soviet successor team allocating its former records to them (except for the Olympic records which are not combined due to the IOC policy); nevertheless, a large percentage of the team's former players came from outside the Russian SFSR, mainly from the Ukrainian SSR, and following the breakup of the Soviet Union, some such as Andrei Kanchelskis from the former Ukrainian SSR, continued to play in the new Russia national football team.

The Soviet Union failed to qualify for the World Cup only twice, in 1974 and 1978, and attended seven finals tournaments in total. Their best finish was fourth in 1966, when they lost to West Germany in the semifinals, 2–1. The Soviet Union qualified for five European Championships, winning the inaugural competition in 1960 when they beat Yugoslavia in the final, 2–1. They finished second three times (1964, 1972, 1988), and fourth once (1968), when, having drawn with Italy in the semi-final, they were sent to the third-place playoff match by the loss of a coin toss. The Soviet Union national team also participated in a number of Olympic tournaments earning the gold medal in 1956 and 1988. The Soviet team continued to field its national team players in Olympic tournaments despite the prohibition of FIFA in 1958 to field any national team players in Olympics (players in the Olympics were required to be amateurs at the time, the Soviets effectively bent the rules by listing their best players in the military).

History

First games

Soviet Union team of 1927

Because of the circumstances, surrounding October Revolution and later the 1917–1922 Russian Civil War, Soviet Russia was internationally diplomatically isolated, making it unable to participate in the international competitions. In 1922, Soviet Russia, along with its occupation administrations in neighbouring countries, founded the Bolshevik state of the Soviet Union. After the civil war, the Soviet Union managed to establish international communication with politically similar factions in Europe and around the globe. The Soviet Union joined the Red Sport International proclaiming any sports events outside of the RSI to be "part of the bourgeoisie".[1]

The first international match played by a Soviet team (as the Russian SFSR) came in September 1922, when the Finnish Workers' Sports Federation football team toured Russia (Russia formed the Soviet Union at the end of December 1922, Treaty on the Creation of the USSR). The Soviet Russia XI scored a 4–1 victory over the Finns in Petrograd. This was also the first international contact for Soviet sports after the 1917 October Revolution. In May 1923, the Soviet team visited Finland and beat the Finnish squad 5–0.[2][3] The first match against national team was played in August 1923, nine months after the establishment of the Soviet Union, when a Russian SFSR team beat Sweden 2–1 in Stockholm.[4]

The first match as the actual Soviet Union football team took place a year later, a 3–0 win over Turkey. This and a return match in Ankara were the only officially recognised international matches played by the Soviet Union prior to the 1952 Summer Olympics, though several unofficial friendlies against Turkey took place in the 1930s. The 1952 Olympics was the first competitive tournament entered by the Soviet Union. In the preliminary round, Bulgaria were defeated 2–1, earning a first-round tie against Yugoslavia. Before the match, both Tito and Stalin sent telegrams to their national teams, which showed just how important it was for the two heads of state.[5] Yugoslavia led 5–1, but a Soviet comeback in the last 15 minutes resulted in a 5–5 draw. The match was replayed, Yugoslavia winning 3–1.[6] The defeat to the archrivals hit Soviet football hard, and after just three games played in the season, CSKA Moscow, who had made up most of the USSR squad, was forced to withdraw from the league and later disbanded. Furthermore, Boris Arkadiev, who coached both USSR and CSKA, was stripped of his Merited Master of Sports of the USSR title.[7]

Sweden trials and the triumph

The Soviet Union, coached by Gavriil Khachalin, entered the World Cup for the first time at the 1958 tournament, following a qualification playoff against Poland.[8] Drawn in a group with Brazil, England, and Austria, they collected three points in total, one from England and two from Austria. The Soviet Union and England went to a playoff game, in which Anatoli Ilyin scored in the 67th minute to knock England out. The Soviet Union was then eliminated by the hosts of the tournament, Sweden, in the quarter-finals.

The inaugural European Championships in 1960 marked the pinnacle of Soviet footballing achievement. Easily progressing to the quarter-finals, the team were scheduled to face Spain, but due to the tensions of the Cold War, Spain refused to travel to the Soviet Union, resulting in a walkover. In the semi-final, the Soviet team defeated Czechoslovakia 3–0 and reached the final, where they faced Yugoslavia.

In the final, Yugoslavia scored first, but the Soviet Union, led by legendary goalkeeper Lev Yashin, equalized in the 49th minute. After 90 minutes the score was 1–1, and Viktor Ponedelnik scored with seven minutes left in extra time to give the Soviets the inaugural European Championship.

The end of Kachalin's dream-team

Lev Yashin trying to stop the shot by Argentine striker José Sanfilippo, during the match played at Buenos Aires in 1961. The Soviet Union won 2–1

In the 1962 World Cup, the Soviet team was in Group 1 with Yugoslavia, Colombia, and Uruguay. The match between the Soviet Union and Colombia ended 4–4; Colombia scored a series of goals (68', 72', 86'). Star goalkeeper Lev Yashin was in poor form both against Colombia and Chile. His form was considered one of the main reasons why the Soviet Union team did not gain more success in the tournament.[9]

In 1964, the Soviet Union attempted to defend their European Championship title, defeating Italy in the last 16 (2–0, 1–1) and to reach the quarter-finals. After two matches against Sweden, the Soviet side won on aggregate (1–1, 3–1). The Soviet Union team went to Spain where the finals were held. In the semi-finals, the Soviet Union defeated Denmark 3–0 in Barcelona but their dreams of winning the title again were dashed in the final when Spain, the host, scored a late goal, winning 2–1.

The late 1960s: Semi-finals at World Cup and European Championships

The 1966 FIFA World Cup was the tournament in which the Soviet Union team reached their best result by finishing in fourth place. The Soviet Union was in Group 4 with North Korea, Italy and Chile. In all three matches, the Soviet Union team managed to defeat their rivals. The Soviet team then defeated Hungary in the quarter-finals thanks to the effective performance of their star, Lev Yashin but their success was ended by two defeats on 25 and 28 July, against West Germany in the semi-finals and Portugal in the third-place playoff match, respectively. The 1966 squad was the second-best scoring Soviet team in World Cup history, with 10 goals.

For the Euro 1968, the qualification competition was played in two stages; a group stage (taking place from 1966 until 1968) and the quarter-finals (played in 1968). Again, only four teams could reach the finals which were held in Italy. The semi-final match between the Soviet Union and Italy ended 0–0. It was decided to toss a coin to see who reached the final, rather than play a replay. Italy won, and went on to become European champions. On 8 June 1968, the Soviets were defeated by England in the third-place match.

Kachalin's second attempt

The 1970 World Cup started with the match between Mexico and the Soviet Union. The Soviet team became the first team to make a substitution in World Cup history in this match. Other opponents in their group were Belgium and El Salvador. The Soviet team easily qualified to the quarter-final where they lost against Uruguay in extra time. This was the last time the Soviet Union reached the quarter-finals. They were able to obtain 5th place in the rankings which FIFA released in 1986.

The final tournament of the 1972 European Championships took place between 14 and 18 June 1972. Again, only four teams were in the finals. The Soviets defeated Hungary 1–0, with a second-half goal. The final was between West Germany and the Soviet Union. The match ended with a victory of the German side thanks to the effective football of Gerd Müller. This tournament was one of the two tournaments in which the Soviet Union finished as runner-up.

Failures to qualify in the 1970s

The Soviet Union playing Argentina at El Monumental, Buenos Aires, November 1976

After being runners up at Euro 1972, the rest of the 1970s were bleak for the Soviets, who were disqualified from the 1974 World Cup as a result of a refusal to play Chile in the aftermath of the 1973 Chilean coup d'état and failed to qualify for the 1978 World Cup or the 1976 and 1980 European Championships.

Beskov recovers the team

Soviet Union v Belgium at the 1986 World Cup

The 1982 World Cup was the Soviet Union's first major tournament appearance for a decade. The Soviet Union was in Group 6 with Brazil, Scotland, and New Zealand. Goals by Socrates and Eder marked the defeat of the Soviet side against Brazil in the first group match (even though it was a very hard match for the Brazilians), and they were eventually eliminated in the second round by finishing the group in second place when they defeated Belgium only 1–0 and drew against Poland with an 0–0 results. In 1984, the Soviets again failed to qualify for the European Championships, but succeeded in qualifying for the 1986 World Cup. The Soviet Union was in Group C with Hungary, France, and Canada. The Soviets used Irapuato, Guanajuato as their training ground in the World Cup.

The Soviet team enjoyed a successful group stage by scoring nine goals and finishing the group in first place. Ultimately, however, they lost to Belgium 3–4 after extra time in the round of 16. Despite their poor performance in the cup, this team was the best scoring Soviet team in World Cup history, with 12 goals.

Lobanovsky era and demise of Soviet Union

After failing to qualify for three consecutive European Cups (1976, 1980, 1984), the Soviets managed to qualify for the 1988 competition, the last time the Soviet Union national football team took part in the European Football Championship. The finals were held in West Germany, with eight teams participating. Soviet Union finished Group B as leaders above the Netherlands and defeated Italy 2–0 in the semi-final. In the final against the Netherlands, another team from Group B, the Netherlands avenged their group stage defeat, winning by a score of 2–0 to be crowned European champions.

The final major championship contested by the Soviet team was the 1990 FIFA World Cup, where they were drawn in Group B with Argentina, Romania and Cameroon. The only success for the Soviets came when they defeated group leaders Cameroon 4–0. The Soviets lost their other matches and failed to qualify from the group. The Soviet Union qualified for Euro 1992, but the breakup of the Soviet Union meant that their place was instead taken by the CIS national football team, composed of newly independent Soviet republics. After the tournament, the former Soviet republics competed as separate independent nations, with FIFA allocating the Soviet team's record to Russia.[10]

Kit evolution

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Soviet Union national football team kits.
The Soviet team in 1925

The Soviet Union traditionally wore red jerseys with white shorts and red socks.

Home stadium

From the Soviet Union's first fixture (16 November 1924 vs. Turkey) they played their home games at various stadiums.

Venue City Played Won Drawn Lost GF GA Points per game
Central Lenin Stadium Moscow 1956–1992 78 50 18 10 151 50 2.15
Central Stadium Kiev 1969–1990 12 10 1 1 27 6 2.58
Lenin Dynamo Stadium Tbilisi 1967–1987 10 6 1 3 19 9 1.9
Dynamo Stadium Moscow 1954–1971 9 7 2 0 41 8 2.56
Lokomotiv Stadium Simferopol 1979–1989 4 4 0 0 11 1 3
Kirov Stadium Leningrad 1967–1984 3 3 0 0 8 1 3
Hrazdan Stadium Yerevan 1978 2 2 0 0 12 2 3
Central Lokomotiv Stadium Moscow 1979–1988 2 2 0 0 5 1 3
Central Stadium Volgograd 1977 1 1 0 0 4 1 3
Pakhtakor Central Stadium Tashkent 1975 1 1 0 0 2 1 3
Vorovsky Stadium Moscow 1924 1 1 0 0 3 0 0
Black Sea Shipping Stadium Odessa 1974 1 0 0 1 0 1 0
Totals1924–1992123862215281802.28
Statistics include official FIFA-recognised matches only.

Note:

Coaching history

Manager Nation Years Played Won Drawn Lost GF GA Win % Qualifying cycle Final tour
Boris Arkadiev Soviet Union 1952 3 1 1 1 8 9 33.33 1952(o)
Vasily Sokolov Soviet Union 1954 2 1 1 0 8 1 50
Gavriil Kachalin Soviet Union 1955–1958 34 22 6 6 88 35 64.71 1956(o), 1958, 1960 1956(o), 1958
Georgiy Glazkov Soviet Union 1959 1 1 0 0 3 1 100
Mikhail Yakushin Soviet Union 1959 2 2 0 0 2 0 100 1960
Gavriil Kachalin Soviet Union 1960–1962 22 16 2 4 49 20 72.73 1962 1960, 1962
Nikita Simonyan Soviet Union 1963 1 0 0 1 0 1 0
Konstantin Beskov Soviet Union 1963–1964 9 4 4 1 14 7 44.44 1964 1964
Nikita Simonyan Soviet Union 1964 1 0 1 0 2 2 0
Nikolai Morozov Soviet Union 1964–1966 31 15 9 7 51 33 48.39 1966 1966
Mikhail Yakushin Soviet Union 1967–1968 28 16 7 5 51 31 57.14 1968, 1968(o) 1968
Gavriil Kachalin Soviet Union 1969–1970 18 9 7 2 29 11 50 1970 1970
Valentin Nikolayev Soviet Union 1970–1971 13 8 5 0 24 5 61.54 1972
Nikolay Gulyayev Soviet Union 1972 4 2 1 1 6 4 50 1972
Aleksandr Ponomarev Soviet Union 1972 15 8 4 3 27 17 53.33 1972(o), 1972
German Zonin Soviet Union 1972 3 1 0 2 1 2 33.33
Yevgeny Goryansky Soviet Union 1973 10 3 2 5 6 6 30 1974*
Konstantin Beskov Soviet Union 1974 3 1 0 2 1 4 33.33 1976
Valeriy Lobanovsky Soviet Union 1975–1976 19 11 4 4 33 18 57.89 1976 1976(o)
Valentin Nikolayev Soviet Union 1976 2 0 1 1 0 2 0
Nikita Simonyan Soviet Union 1977–1979 27 18 4 5 60 22 66.67 1978, 1980
Konstantin Beskov Soviet Union 1979–1982 28 17 8 3 54 19 60.71 1980, 1982 1982
Oleg Bazilevich Soviet Union 1979 1 1 0 0 3 1 100
Valeriy Lobanovsky Soviet Union 1982–1983 10 6 3 1 18 6 60 1984
Eduard Malofeyev Soviet Union 1984–1986 25 14 3 8 37 23 56 1986
Valeriy Lobanovsky Soviet Union 1986–1987 17 9 6 2 31 11 52.94 1988 1986
Nikita Simonyan Soviet Union 1988 1 1 0 0 4 0 100
Morozov and Mosyagin Soviet Union 1988 4 1 2 1 5 5 25
1st Coaching Staff Soviet Union 1988–1990 31 16 6 9 42 29 51.61 1990 1988, 1990
2nd Coaching Staff Soviet Union 1990–1992 28 12 11 5 39 24 42.86 1992 1992

Notes:

Player records

Oleg Blokhin is Soviet Union's top goalscorer and their most capped player.
Most appearances[11]
Rank Player Caps Goals Career
1 Oleg Blokhin 112 42 1972–1988
2 Rinat Dasayev 91 0 1979–1990
3 Albert Shesternev 90 0 1961–1971
4 Anatoliy Demyanenko 80 6 1981–1990
5 Volodymyr Bezsonov 79 4 1977–1990
6 Lev Yashin 78 0 1954–1967
7 Sergei Aleinikov[lower-alpha 1] 77 6 1984–1991
8 Murtaz Khurtsilava 69 6 1965–1973
9 Oleg Protasov[lower-alpha 2] 68 28 1984–1991
10 Valeriy Voronin 66 5 1960–1968
Top goalscorers[11]
Rank Player Goals Caps Ratio Career
1 Oleg Blokhin 42 112 0.38 1972–1988
2 Oleg Protasov[lower-alpha 2] 29 68 0.43 1984–1991
3 Valentin Ivanov 26 59 0.44 1956–1965
4 Eduard Streltsov 25 38 0.66 1955–1968
5 Viktor Kolotov 22 55 0.4 1970–1978
6 Viktor Ponedelnik 20 29 0.69 1960–1966
Igor Chislenko 20 53 0.38 1959–1968
8 Anatoliy Banishevskiy 19 50 0.38 1965–1972
9 Anatoliy Ilyin 16 31 0.52 1952–1959
10 Anatoliy Byshovets 15 39 0.38 1966–1972
  1. ↑ Sergei Aleinikov also made four appearances for Belarus.
  2. 1 2 Oleg Protasov also made one appearance for Ukraine.

Competitive record

FIFA World Cup record

  Champions    Runners-up    Third place    Fourth place  

FIFA World Cup record Qualification Record
Year Round Position Pld W D L GF GA Squads Pld W D L GF GA
Uruguay 1930 Not a FIFA member Not a FIFA member
Italy 1934
France 1938
Brazil 1950 did not enter did not enter
Switzerland 1954
Sweden 1958 Quarter-final 7th 5 2 1 2 5 6 Squad 5 4 0 1 18 3
Chile 1962 Quarter-final 6th 4 2 1 1 9 7 Squad 4 4 0 0 11 3
England 1966 Fourth place 4th 6 4 0 2 10 6 Squad 6 5 0 1 19 6
Mexico 1970 Quarter-final 5th 4 2 1 1 6 2 Squad 4 3 1 0 8 1
West Germany 1974 did not qualify 6 3 1 2 5 4
Argentina 1978 4 2 0 2 5 3
Spain 1982 Second Group stage 7th 5 2 2 1 7 4 Squad 8 6 2 0 20 2
Mexico 1986 Round of 16 10th 4 2 1 1 12 5 Squad 8 4 2 2 13 8
Italy 1990 Group stage 17th 3 1 0 2 4 4 Squad 8 4 3 1 11 4
Total Fourth place 7/14 31 15 6 10 53 34 — 53 35 9 9 110 34

UEFA European Championship record

  Champions    Runners-up    Third Place    Fourth Place  

UEFA European Championship record Qualification Record
Year Round Position Pld W D L GF GA Squads Pld W D L GF GA
France 1960 Champions 1st 2 2 0 0 5 1 Squad 2 2 0 0 4 1
Spain 1964 Runners-up 2nd 2 1 0 1 4 2 Squad 4 2 2 0 7 3
Italy 1968 Fourth place 4th 2 0 1 1 0 2 Squad 8 6 0 2 19 8
Belgium 1972 Runners-up 2nd 2 1 0 1 1 3 Squad 8 5 3 0 16 4
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 1976 did not qualify 8 4 1 3 12 10
Italy 1980 6 1 3 2 7 8
France 1984 6 4 1 1 11 2
West Germany 1988 Runners-up 2nd 5 3 1 1 7 4 Squad 8 5 3 0 14 3
Sweden 1992 Qualified, but dissolved and replaced by CIS national football team 8 5 3 0 13 2
Total 1 title 5/8 13 7 2 4 17 12 — 58 34 16 8 103 41

Summer Olympics record

Olympic record
Year Round Position Pld W D L GF GA Squads
1896–1912Preceded with Russian Empire
1920–1948did not enter
Finland 1952Round 114th311189Squad
Australia 1956Gold medalists1st541092Squad
Italy 1960did not qualify
Japan 1964
Mexico 1968
West Germany 1972Bronze medalists3rd7520176Squad
Canada 1976Bronze medalists3rd5401104Squad
Since 1976Succeeded with Olympic team
TotalGold medalists4/202014424421—

Honours

This is a list of honours for the senior Soviet Union national football team

Major

Minor

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ "The Soviet Union and the Olympics". Retrieved 4 January 2023.
  2. ↑ Hentilä, Seppo (1982). Suomen työläisurheilun historia I. Työväen Urheiluliitto 1919–1944. Hämeenlinna: Karisto. pp. 146–148. ISBN 951-23216-0-2.
  3. ↑ Hentilä, Seppo (2014). Bewegung, Kultur und Alltag im Arbeitersport (in German). Helsinki: The Finnish Society for Labour History. p. 48. ISBN 978-952-59762-6-7. Archived from the original on 3 May 2018. Retrieved 10 June 2017.
  4. ↑ "Soviet Union – International Results 1911-1935". RSSSF. Archived from the original on 30 December 2017. Retrieved 13 January 2007.
  5. ↑ "USSR – Yugoslavia, the Story of Two Different Football Conceptions". russianfootballnews.com. Archived from the original on 24 April 2017. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
  6. ↑ "Yugoslavia National Team List of Results 1950-1959". RSSSF. Archived from the original on 24 November 2011. Retrieved 13 January 2007.
  7. ↑ "USSR – Yugoslavia, the Story of Two Different Football Conceptions". russianfootballnews.com. Archived from the original on 24 April 2017. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
  8. ↑ "1958 – Qualifying competition". Planet World Cup. Archived from the original on 19 January 2007. Retrieved 13 January 2007.
  9. ↑ "Soviet Union and the World Cup: Always promising but underachievers". Retrieved 11 February 2023.
  10. ↑ "History. About FUR. General information. FUR". en.rfs.ru. Archived from the original on 9 September 2016.
  11. 1 2 Mamrud, Roberto. "Soviet Union/CIS – Record International Players". RSSSF. Archived from the original on 6 October 2009. Retrieved 10 September 2004.
  12. ↑ Roy, Abhishek (14 August 2007). "Revisiting some of the memorable moments of the Nehru Cup". TwoCircles.net. IANS. Archived from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
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