Hercules and Minerva Expelling Mars

Victor Wolfvoet (II) or Victor Wolfvoet the Younger (1612 – 1652), was a Flemish art dealer and painter of history and allegorical paintings. His artistic output was heavily influenced by Peter Paul Rubens.[1][2]

Life

Victor Wolfvoet the Younger was born in Antwerp as the son of Victor Wolfvoet the Elder, a painter and art dealer, and Brigitta Voorwercx.[3][4] His father was probably his teacher. He became a member of the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke around 1644-5.[5] Some sources refer to Wolfvoet as a pupil of Rubens.[6]

Esther before Ahasuerus

He married in 1636. His 1652 will, which he made not long before his death, states that he was the widower of Elisabeth Mertens.[1] Victor Wolfvoet died in Antwerp on 23 October 1652 leaving one daughter, Livina Wolfvoet.[7]

The artist's estate comprised a substantial collection of artworks of seven hundred items. The inventory of his estate lists twenty sketches by Rubens, including several designs for the ceilings of the Carolus Borromeus Church in Antwerp and six bozzetti for the Triumph of the Eucharist tapestry series. There are also sketches by other artists, many unattributed sketches and framed grisailles, and a number of sketches after Rubens.[8] Some of the sketches were likely in Wolfvoet's own hand, like his copies after Rubens' Abraham and Melchizedek and Manna from Heaven both now in the Mauritshuis, The Hague. The large collection of works has been regarded as evidence that the artist may also have been active as an art dealer.[6]

A Bacchanal

Work

Wolfvoet was active as an art dealer, became an artist rather late in life and died relatively young. This explains his fairly limited output.[6] As his work has recently received more academic attention his known oeuvre has expanded thanks to new attributions to Wolfvoet of work formerly attributed to other artists such as Erasmus Quellinus II, Guillam Forchondt and Willem van Herp and anonymous Rubens followers.[9][10][11]

Calvary

Although there is no evidence Wolfvoet studied under Rubens, he is considered one of the most faithful followers of that artist.[9] He often used paintings or preparatory drawings or oil sketches by Rubens as the model for his paintings. He had access to some of these through his art business and public sales of Rubens' work in the Antwerp market.[8][9][12] Examples are two copper paintings relating to the theme of the War between War and Peace (private collections) and an oil on canvas of Hercules and Minerva Expelling Mars (Hermitage Museum) (of which there also exists a copy on copper). In the first two copper paintings he used a palette similar to that of Rubens and achieved a harmony of tone with space, which he had learned from Rubens.[9]

He was inspired by other artists such as Frans Francken the Younger whose versions of the Worship of the Golden Calf he used as a basis for his own version of this theme (in the Museo Nacional de San Carlos). Wolfvoet copied the colour of Franken’s versions but added figures and intensified the shadows on the objects and persons.[11]

A significant portion of the output of Wolfvoet consists of relatively small-scale paintings on copper. This medium was preferred for paintings made for the export market, in particular to Spain and the Spanish South-American colonies where the copper support was highly prized both for durability and its glossy finish.[13]

References

  1. 1 2 Victor Wolfvoet (II) at the Netherlands Institute for Art History (in Dutch)
  2. ↑ Marie-Louise Hairs, Dominique Finet, The Flemish flower painters in the XVIIth century, Lefebvre et Gillet, 1985, p. 253
  3. ↑ Victor Wolfvoet (I) at the Netherlands Institute for Art History (in Dutch)
  4. ↑ Alexander van Bredael in: Frans Jozef Peter Van den Branden, Geschiedenis der Antwerpsche schilderschool, Antwerpen, 1883, p. 798-1635 (in Dutch)
  5. ↑ Christopher White, The Later Flemish Pictures in the Collection of Her Majesty The Queen, Royal Collection, 2007, p. 383-384
  6. 1 2 3 Victor Wolfvoet (II) - A Bacchanal in a wooded river landscape at Christie’s
  7. ↑ Erik Duverger, Antwerpse kunstinventarissen uit de zeventiende eeuw, Volume 6, Koninklijke Academie voor Wetenschappen, Letteren en Schone Kunsten van België, 1992, p. 343 (in Dutch)
  8. 1 2 Marjorie E. Wieseman, Pursuing and Possessing Passion: Two Hundred Years of Collecting Rubens's Oil Sketches, in: Peter C. Sutton (Author), Marjorie E. Wieseman (Author), Nico van Hout, 'Drawn by the Brush: Oil Sketches by Peter Paul Rubens', Exhibition catalogue Greenwich, Conn.: Yale University Press in association with Bruce Museum of Arts and Sciences, 2003
  9. 1 2 3 4 M. Díaz Padrón, 'Tres cobres restituidos a Victor Wolfvoet, el más fiel seguidor de Rubens', Archivo Español de Arte 79 (2006), nr. 316, p. 403-412 (in Spanish)
  10. ↑ M. Díaz Padrón, 'Tres nuevos cobres de Victor Wolfvoet con la Paz y la Guerra baje las consigna de Rubens', Archivo Español de Arte 85 (2012), nr. 337, p. 403-412 (in Spanish)
  11. 1 2 M. Díaz Padrón, Dos Cobres De Victor Wolfvoet En El Museo De San Carlos De Mejico, Boletín del Seminario de Estudios de Arte y Arqueología: BSAA, ISSN 0210-9573, Tomo 65, 1999, Universidad de Valladolid: Servicio de Publicaciones (in Spanish)
  12. ↑ Anne T. Woollett, Ariane van Suchtelen, Rubens & Brueghel: A Working Friendship, Getty Publications, 2006, p. 184
  13. ↑ Phoenix Art Museum, Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, and Mauritshuis (Hague, Netherlands), Copper As Canvas Two Centuries of Masterpiece Paintings on Copper, 1575-1775, New York: Oxford University Press, 1999; pp. 206–208.
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