Viola rafinesquei
A light morph flower growing in a sandy field along the mouth of the James River in southeastern Virginia

Secure  (NatureServe)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Violaceae
Genus: Viola
Species:
V. rafinesqueii
Binomial name
Viola rafinesqueii
Synonyms[2]
  • Mnemion rafinesquei (Greene) Nieuwl.
  • Mnemion tenellum Webb
  • Viola bicolor Pursh
  • Viola kitaibeliana var. rafinesquei (Greene) Fernald
  • Viola rafinesquei f. minor Moldenke

Viola rafinesquei (syn. Viola bicolor), commonly known as the American field pansy or wild pansy, is an annual plant in the violet family found throughout much of North America.[2] There has been some debate as to whether the plant is native there or if it was introduced from the Old World as a variety of Viola kitaibeliana, but it is now generally thought to be native to the North America.[3] It is common in disturbed habitats but is also found in fields and open woods on substrates ranging from sandy soil to clay to limestone.[4][5][6]

References

  1. ↑ "Viola bicolor". NatureServe Explorer. NatureServe. Retrieved 2008-03-20.
  2. 1 2 "Viola rafinesquei Greene". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 21 May 2022.
  3. ↑ Flora of North America
  4. ↑ Clausen, Jen; Channell, R.B.; Nur, Uzi (1964), "Viola rafinesquii, the only Melanium violet native to North America", Rhodora, 66 (17){{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ↑ McKinney, Landon E.; Russel, Norman H. (2002), "Violaceae of the Southeastern United States", Castanea, 67 (4): 369–379, JSTOR 4034132
  6. ↑ Hayden, W. John; Clough, John (1990), "Methyl Salicylate Secretory Cells in Roots of Viola arvensis and V. rafinesquii (Violaceae)", Castanea, 55 (1): 65–70, JSTOR 4033351{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)



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