Viral culture is a laboratory technique[1] in which samples of a virus are placed to different cell lines which the virus being tested for its ability to infect. If the cells show changes, known as cytopathic effects, then the culture is positive.[2]

Traditional viral culture has been generally superseded by shell vial culture, in which the sample is centrifuged onto a single layer of cells and viral growth is measured by antigen detection methods. This greatly reduces the time to detection for slow growing viruses such as cytomegalovirus, for which the method was developed.[3] In addition, the centrifugation step in shell vial culture enhances the sensitivity of this method because after centrifugation, the viral particles of the sample are in close proximity to the cells.

Human and monkey cells are used in both traditional viral culture and shell vial culture.

Human virus types that can be identified by viral culture include adenovirus, cytomegalovirus, enteroviruses, herpes simplex virus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, varicella zoster virus, measles and mumps.[4] For these, the final identification method is generally by immunofluorescence, with exception of cytomegalovirus and rhinovirus, whose identification in a viral culture are determined by cytopathic effects.[4]

Preliminary research (i.e. not yet peer-reviewed at the time of writing, 29 September 2020) exploring the potential suitability of viral culture testing of SARS-CoV-2 has been conducted.[5]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Tennant, Paula; Fermin, Gustavo (2018). "Viruses as Targets for Biotechnology". Viruses. pp. 317–338. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-811257-1.00013-9. ISBN 9780128112571.
  2. ↑ Curtis, Jeanette; Caroline Rea (25 May 2007). "Viral culture". WebMD. Retrieved 9 September 2009.
  3. ↑ Storch, Gregory A.; Bernard N. Fields; David Mahan Knipe; Peter M. Howley (2007). "Diagnostic virology". In David Mahan Knipe, Peter M. Howley (ed.). Fields' Virology. Vol. 1 (5th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 3177. ISBN 978-0-7817-6060-7.
  4. 1 2 Table 2 in: Leland DS, Ginocchio CC (January 2007). "Role of cell culture for virus detection in the age of technology". Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 20 (1): 49–78. doi:10.1128/CMR.00002-06. PMC 1797634. PMID 17223623.
  5. ↑ Jefferson, Tom; Spencer, Elizabeth; Brassey, Jon; Heneghan, Carl (3 September 2020). "Viral cultures for COVID-19 infectivity assessment. Systematic review". medRxiv 10.1101/2020.08.04.20167932v3.


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