Volume 1

The initial 47-issue series ran from February 1977 to October 1984. The first What If story was "What If Spider-Man had Joined the "Fantastic Four?". It presented an alternate version of events seen in The Amazing Spider-Man #1 (1963). What If #24, which is titled "What If Gwen Stacy had lived?" and focuses on the consequences of Spider-Man's secret identity being publicly exposed, is one of the most highly regarded What If stories.^[1]

List of What If? stories

Issue #	A story	B story	C story	TPB	Omnibus
1	What If Spider-Man Had Joined the Fantastic Four?			What If: The Complete Collection Vol. 1	What If?: The Original Marvel Series Omnibus Vol. 1
2	What If the Hulk Had The Brain of Bruce Banner?
3	What If The Avengers Had Never Been?
4	What If the Invaders Had Stayed Together After World War Two?
5	What If Captain America Hadn't Vanished During World War Two? Collected in Invaders Omnibus
6	What If the Fantastic Four Had Different Super-Powers?
7	What If Someone Else Besides Spider-Man Had Been Bitten By The Radioactive Spider?
8	What If the World Knew Daredevil Was Blind?	What If the Spider Had Been Bitten By a Radioactive Human?
9	What If… the Avengers Had Been Formed During the 1950's?
10	What If Jane Foster Had Found -- the Hammer of Thor?
11	What If the Fantastic Four Were the Original Marvel Bullpen?
12	What If Rick Jones Had Become the Hulk?
13	What If Conan the Barbarian Walked the Earth Today? Collected in Conan the Barbarian: The Original Marvel Years Omnibus Vol 4			What If: The Complete Collection Vol 2
14	What If Sgt. Fury and His Howling Commandos Had Fought World War II in Outer Space?
15	What If… Someone Else Had Become Nova?
16	What If Shang-Chi, Master of Kung Fu, Had Remained Loyal to Fu Manchu?			Shang-Chi Master of Kung-Fu Omnibus #3	Due to copyright issues, Sax Rohmer's Dr. Fu Manchu became Zheng Zu, a character owned by Marvel. Marvel was able to reprint the story after a temporary license,[2] in Marvel's Voices: Identity #1 (2021). Writer Gene Luen Yang revisited the story, changing names such as the aforementioned Zheng Zu, and the Si-Fan into the Five Weapons Society.[3][4]
17	What If Ghost Rider, Spider-Woman and Captain Marvel Had Remained Villains?			What If: The Complete Collection Vol 2	What If?: The Original Marvel Series Omnibus Vol. 1
18	What If Dr. Strange Had Been a Disciple of Dormammu?
19	What If Spider-Man Had Stopped the Burglar Who Killed His Uncle?
20	What If the Avengers Had Fought the Kree-Skrull War Without Rick Jones?
21	What If Sub-Mariner Had Married the Invisible Girl?
22	What If Dr. Doom Had Become a Hero?
23	What If Hulk's Girlfriend Jarella Had Not Died?				What If?: The Original Marvel Series Omnibus Vol. 2
24	What If Spider-Man Had Rescued Gwen Stacy?	The First Eternals Collected in The Eternals: The Complete Saga Omnibus		What If: The Complete Collection Vol 3
25	What If Thor Fought Odin Over Jane Foster?
26	What If Captain America Were Elected President?		What If the Man-Thing Had Regained Ted Sallis' Brain?
27	What If Phoenix Had Not Died? Collected in Phoenix Omnibus and Dark Phoenix Saga Omnibus
28	What If Ghost Rider Were Separated from Johnny Blaze?		Matt Murdock, Agent of... S.H.I.E.L.D. Collected in Marvel Masterworks Daredevil Vol 16 and Daredevil by Frank Miller and Klaus Janson Omnibus
29	What If Avengers Were the Last Superheroes on Earth?		What If... Sub-Mariner Never Regained His Memory?
30	What If Spider-Man's Clone Lived?
31	What If Wolverine Had Killed the Hulk?	What If There Was No Fantastic Four?
32	What If the Avengers Had Become the Pawns of Korvac?
33	What If the Dazzler Had Become the Herald of Galactus? Collected in Marvel Masterworks: Dazzler Vol. 2 and Dazzler Omnibus	What If Iron Man Had Been Trapped in King Arthur's Time?
34	All-humor issue with 74 stories
35	What If Bullseye Had Not Killed Elektra? Collected in Marvel Masterworks Daredevil Vol. 16 and Daredevil by Frank Miller and Klaus Janson	And Thus Are Born the Cat People!	What If Yellowjacket Had Died?
36	What If The Fantastic Four Had Not Gained Their Powers? Collected in Fantastic Four by John Byrne Omnibus Vol	What If Nova Had Not Given Up His Powers? Collected in Nova: Richard Rider Omnibus		What If: The Complete Collection Vol 4
37	What If The Thing Had Continued To Mutate?	What If The Beast Had Truly Become A Beast?	What If Galactus Had Turned The Silver Surfer Back Into Norrin Radd?
38	Vision & Scarlet Witch "The Leaving"	What If Sharon Carter Had Not Died?	Daredevil: 2013
39	What If Thor of Asgard Had Met Conan the Barbarian? Collected in Conan the Barbarian: The Original Marvel Years Omnibus Vol 5
40	What if Dr. Strange Had Never Become Master of the Mystic Arts?
41	What If Sub-Mariner Had Saved Atlantis from Its Destiny?
42	What If Susan Richards Had Died in Childbirth?
43	What If Conan the Barbarian Were Stranded in the 20th Century? Collected in Conan the Barbarian: The Original Marvel Years Omnibus Vol 6	Dr. Strange, Silver Surfer, Phoenix in "Behold"
44	What If Captain America Were Not Revived Until Today?
45	What If the Hulk Went Berserk?
46	What If Spider-Man's Uncle Ben Had Lived?
47	What If Loki Found Thor's Hammer First?

What If (vol. 2) #105 (February 1998), the debut of Spider-Girl, cover art by Ron Frenz

Special

Following the cancellation of the original series, Marvel published a one-shot What If? Special (June 1988) with the story "What If Iron Man Had Been a Traitor?". It is collected in What If? Into the Multiverse Omnibus Vol 1.

Volume 2

From July 1989 to November 1998, Marvel published 115 monthly What If issues (114 issues plus a #-1 issue) the second series revisited and revised ideas from volume 1. In volume 2, stories could span multiple issues (every issue of volume 1 contained a complete story). Also, sometimes, the volume 2 stories would offer multiple plots and endings and the reader could decide which one to adopt. For example, in What If the War Machine had not destroyed the Living Laser?, three endings were offered.

The humorous aspect of volume 1 was retained through volume 2, particularly in issue #34, an all-humor issue containing a number of single-page gags and two complete stories.

Starting with issue #87, the issue titles stopped being questions that were answered by the story, and instead the covers were presented as "What If? Starring…" whatever character was being highlighted in the given issue.

In issue #105, What If introduced Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker); the new character was popular enough for a spin-off series. From this, the MC2 line of publications were developed.

For a brief period between 1995 and 1996, all What If? stories were labeled as Marvel Alterniverse which included the likes of Ruins, The Last Avengers Story and Punisher Kills the Marvel Universe.

Volume 3

In February 2005, Marvel published a further six issues of What If. They were all in the "one-shot" format. The editor, Justin Gabrie, attributed the publication of volume 3 to a suggestion from C. B. Cebulski.^[5]

Marvel published a single parody edition called Wha...Huh?!? in August 2005.

• What If Jessica Jones Had Joined The Avengers?
• What If Karen Page Had Lived?
• What If Aunt May Had Died Instead Of Uncle Ben?
• What If Dr. Doom Had Become The Thing?
• What If Magneto Had Formed The X-Men With Professor X?
• What If General Ross Had Become The Hulk?

Volume 4

In February 2006, publication of volume 4 began. Again, there were six issues in the "one-shot" format. However, rather than follow What if tradition of using a divergence from a specific plot point, Volume 4 more closely resembled the DC Comics equivalent, Elseworlds, which presents stories that are continuities based on alternate versions (in time or place) of canon (for example, Superman: Red Son is a story in which Superman was raised in the Soviet Union instead of the United States) all but one of the volume 4 issues uses this format, explained by Uatu the Watcher having discovered historical documents from an alternative dimension. From the Japanese feudal era, the divergence of a shared alternate universe, Earth-717, begins. This divergence is the time when a Daredevil hero known as "the Devil Who Dares" appears. It is also the realm where characters are given alternative life histories and where they proceed in alternative historical periods.

Examples from volume 4 include Captain America battling the "White Skull" during the American Civil War; Wolverine taking on the role of the Punisher and fighting mobsters in 1920s Prohibition-era Chicago; Namor the Sub-Mariner being raised by his father on the surface during World War II; Thor becoming a herald of Galactus; and a Soviet version of the Fantastic Four, known as the "Ultimate Federalist Freedom Fighters" (consisting of Rudion Richards, Colossus, Magik and the Widow Maker), during the Cold War.

• What If...Captain America fought in the Civil War?
• What If...the Fantastic Four were Cosmonauts?
• What If...Daredevil lived in feudal Japan?
• What If...Namor grew up on land?
• What If...Thor was a herald of Galactus?
• What If...Wolverine was Public Enemy No. 1 in mob-ridden 1920s Chicago?

Volume 5

In 2006, Marvel published another set of What If? issues, including one based on the Spider-Man story "The Other".

• What If? Avengers Disassembled #1: "Witchhunt: What if the Scarlet Witch hadn't acted alone?"
• What If? Spider-Man The Other #1: "What if Spider-Man had rejected the Spider? Poison Selves"
• What If? Wolverine Enemy of the State #1: "What if Wolverine was never Deprogrammed? Bite the Hand that Feeds"
• What If? X-Men Age of Apocalypse #1: …What If Legion Had Killed Xavier and Magneto?"
• What If? X-Men Deadly Genesis #1: "What If Xavier's Secret Second Team Had Survived?"

Volume 6

Volume 6 consists of five issues (2007–2008). A sixth, "What If: This Was the Fantastic Four", featuring Spider-Man, Wolverine, Ghost Rider and Hulk, was to be released in November 2007, but it was withheld due to the death of Mike Wieringo.^[6] What If: This Was the Fantastic Four was released as a tribute to Wieringo in June 2008 as a 48-page special. All its proceeds went to the Hero Initiative.

The other issues were:

• What If?: Planet Hulk (October 2007)^[7]
• What If?: Annihilation (November 2007)
• What If?: Civil War (December 2007)
• What If? X-Men: Rise and Fall of the Shi'ar Empire (December 2007)
• What If? Spider-Man vs. Wolverine (January 2008)

These issues were collected into a trade paperback, What If...? Civil War.

Volume 7

In December 2008, Marvel published five What If specials which appeared weekly. They included: Fallen Son: The Death of Captain America, House of M, Spider-Man: Back in Black, and Secret Wars. A new "Fantastic Four" consisted of the Hulk, Spider-Man, Iron Man, and Wolverine. In addition, a story line featuring the Runaways as the Young Avengers ran throughout Volume 7.^[8]

• What If? House of M #1: "What If...Scarlet Witch Ended the 'House of M' By Saying, 'No More Power?'" (February 2009)
• What If? Fallen Son #1: "What If...Iron Man Had Died?" (February 2009)
• What If? Newer Fantastic Four #1: "What If...Newer Fantastic Four?" (February 2009)
• What If? Spider-Man Back in Black #1: "What If...Mary Jane Had Been Shot Instead of Aunt May?" (February 2009)
• What If? Secret Wars #1: "What If Doctor Doom Kept the Beyonder's Power?" (February 2009)

Volume 8

In December 2009, a new series was published. Volume 8 focused on three recent events in the Marvel Universe, including the Spider-Man: House of M miniseries and the "World War Hulk" and "Secret Invasion" story lines. There was also an edition focusing on the Astonishing X-Men series and a classic What If? about Daredevil and Elektra. With the exception of this last issue, each comic in Volume 8 featured two alternatives for the event.^[9]

• What If? Secret Invasion #1: "What if the Skrulls succeeded in their Secret Invasion?" (February 2010)
• What If? World War Hulk #1: "What If The Heroes Lost World War Hulk?" (February 2010)
• What If? Daredevil Vs. Elektra #1: "What If Daredevil Died Saving Elektra?" (February 2010)
• What If? Astonishing X-Men #1: "What If Ord Resurrected Jean Grey Instead of Colossus?": (February 2010)
• What If? Spider-Man: House of M #1: "What If... Gwen Stacy Survived The House of M?" (February 2010)

Volume 9

In September 2010, Marvel announced a ninth series of five What If issues in the one-shot format, to be released in December 2010. The second to fifth issues of volume 9 were not numbered.

• What If? Iron Man: Demon in an Armor #1: "What If Tony Stark Had Become Doctor Doom?" (February 2011)
• What If? Wolverine: Father #1: "Wolverine: Father" (February 2011)
• What If? Spider-Man #1: "What If? Spider-Man Killed Kraven the Hunter?" (February 2011)
• What If? Dark Reign #1 (February 2011)
• Venom/Deadpool: What If? #1 (April 2011)

What If? #200 was an extra-sized edition featuring two stories. It presented an alternative for the Siege Marvel Universe event, asking what might have happened if the Sentry had not lost control and Norman Osborn had conquered Asgard. The second story examined "The Galactus Trilogy", and was written by Stan Lee, the author of the original.^[10]

Volume 10

On March 22, 2013, Marvel's editor-in-chief Axel Alonso revealed to Comic Book Resources that What If…? was coming back with What If…? Avengers vs. X-Men, a four-issue limited series written by Jimmy Palmiotti and illustrated by Jorge Molina.

Volume 11

In April 2014, Marvel released the five-issue series What If? Age of Ultron, which spun out of the 2013 event and examined the consequences of Wolverine going back in time to kill Hank Pym before he created Ultron. Each issue explored what a new universe would be like which arose from the removal of another core Avenger, with the Wasp in #1, Iron Man in #2, Thor in #3 and Captain America in #4. The series was concluded in #5 with a world where Hank Pym never created Ultron in the first place and thus, a universe without Ultron's creation of the Vision.

Volume 12

In October 2015, Marvel released another five-part series of stories under the What If? banner, this time focused on the 2013 story line "Infinity", which saw the Avengers, the Guardians of the Galaxy, the Inhumans and other groups dealing with a combined threat of a universal incursion by the race the Builders, and an attack on Earth by Thanos and his forces. Each issue is a self-contained story, and the first four explore a different outcome to the event. The fifth, What If? Infinity: Dark Reign, presents a world in which Norman Osborn and the Dark Avengers had acquired the Infinity Gauntlet during the 2008 - 09 "Dark Reign" story line.

• What If? Infinity: Thanos
• What If? Infinity: Inhumans
• What If? Infinity: X-Men
• What If? Infinity: Guardians Of The Galaxy
• What If? Infinity: Dark Reign

Volume 13

In October 2018, Marvel released six more one-shots under the What If? banner, as well as several $1.00 True Believer reprints of classic What If? issues. These included stories where Peter Parker became the Punisher, where the X-Men existed in a Cyberpunk universe, where Thor was raised by the Frost Giants instead of his brother Loki being raised by Odin, and where Magik was trained from a young age by Stephen Strange rather than joining the New Mutants.

• What If? Spider-Man Vol. 2 (2018)
• What If? X-Men Vol. 1 (2018)
• What If? The Punisher Vol. 1 (2018)
• What If? Ghost Rider Vol. 1 (2018)
• What If? Thor Vol. 1 (2018)
• What If? Magik Vol. 1 (2018)

Spider-Man: Spider's Shadow

In 2021, Marvel published a five-issue miniseries titled Spider-Man: Spider’s Shadow, detailing what if Peter Parker fully accepted the alien symbiote and became Venom. While it did not have the title of What If?, it did have the branding on the cover.

Volume 14

In 2022, Marvel published a five-issue miniseries exploring what would happen if Miles Morales had acquired the powers of different Marvel super-heroes. The first four issues saw him become Captain America, Wolverine, Hulk, and Thor, and the final issue was a team-up of the four divergent Miles.

What If...? Dark

In 2023, Marvel published four one-shots under the title What If... Dark?, which revisited iconic Marvel stories with a darker twist.^[11]

• What If...? Dark: Loki #1: "What if Loki wielded Mjolnir??" (July 2023)
• What If...? Dark: Spider-Gwen #1: "What if Gwen Stacy didn’t die on the bridge that day, but Spider-Man did?" (July 2023)
• What If...? Dark: Venom #1: "What If Ben Grimm became Venom?" (August 2023)
• What If...? Dark: Moon Knight #1: : "What if Moon Knight did not survive his battle with Bushman?" (August 2023)