Grace MacInnis
Member of the Canadian Parliament
for Vancouver Kingsway
In office
November 8, 1965  July 7, 1974
Preceded byArnold Webster
Succeeded bySimma Holt
Member of the British Columbia Legislative Assembly
for Vancouver-Burrard
In office
October 21, 1941  October 24, 1945
Personal details
Born
Winona Grace Woodsworth

(1905-07-25)July 25, 1905
Glen William, Prince Edward Island, Canada
DiedJuly 10, 1991(1991-07-10) (aged 85)
Sechelt, Sunshine Coast, British Columbia, Canada[1]
Political partyIndependent Labour
Co-operative Commonwealth Federation
New Democratic Party
SpouseAngus MacInnis
Profession
  • Writer
  • teacher

Winona Grace MacInnis OC OBE (née Woodsworth; July 25, 1905 July 10, 1991) was a socialist Canadian politician. She was the first woman from British Columbia elected to the House of Commons of Canada, as well as the first wife of a former Canadian Member of Parliament to be elected to the House of Commons in her own right, rather than by directly succeeding her husband in a by-election following his death.

The daughter of Co-operative Commonwealth Federation founding leader J. S. Woodsworth and the wife of long serving CCF MP Angus MacInnis, Grace MacInnis championed issues such as family planning, affordable housing, abortion rights and women's equality. She was a founding member of the CCF and served as an MLA in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1941 to 1945, on the executive of the national CCF, and in the Canadian House of Commons as a Member of Parliament representing the CCF's successor, the New Democratic Party from 1965 until her retirement in 1974.

MacInnis represented the British Columbia riding of Vancouver—Kingsway. She was the only woman MP elected in the 1968 election.

In 1974, she was made an Officer of the Order of Canada "in recognition of a lifetime of service to Canada as teacher, author and parliamentarian". In 1979, she was a recipient of the Governor General's Award in Commemoration of the Persons Case.[2] In 1990, she was awarded the Order of British Columbia.

Personal life

MacInnis was born on July 25, 1905, in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. She was the eldest among six children of J. S. Woodsworth, the first leader of Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF, later the New Democratic Party), and Lucy Lillian Staples Woodsworth. Their lives and enthusiasm about politics highly influenced MacInnis' ideals as a politician, and a feminist. Her father was a minister of a comfortable Methodist parish. Her mother, Lucy, was a teacher and a loving mother to her children, also was known as a liberated thinker who taught her children about birth control, which was illegal at that time. The family had discussion frequently, which encouraged the children to express their thoughts freely. In the year of 1953, she published biography of her father: J.S. Woodsworth- A Man to Remember.[3][4]

After attending the University of Manitoba and the Sorbonne, she became a teacher, but soon left her career to assistant her father in 1931, and later acted as secretary of the CCF party. She married Angus MacInnis in January 1932 who spent 27 years as a CCF member of Vancouver-Kingsway in the House of Commons until his retirement in 1957 due to his failing health, which also confined MacInnis' activities as well.[3][4] In 1941, she was elected to the British Columbia legislature as one of two members for the riding of Vancouver-Burrard and remained until 1945. In the year of 1960, she suffered from rheumatoid arthritis which confined her activities completely.[4][3] It took about 4 years for her to be quiescent. In 1964, her husband Angus MacInnis died. She rested and resumed her activities in NDP, and was elected as a Party Member of Vancouver-Kingsway in 1965. She held senior positions in both CCF Party and its successor, the NDP,[3][5] and was president of the British Columbia Party for two terms, both on constituency and provincial levels. She received unanimous support from her party, and continued her activities for 35 years. MacInnis died on July 10, 1991.

Career

During her career, MacInnis debated issues in the House of Commons concerning housing and abortion. In 1967, she was responsible for bringing the issue of housing to the government's attention, arguing that it was the main problem in Canada. This exchange led to the increase in interest rates of NHA loans from 7 1/4 % to 8 1/4%, which was advantageous, however, qualifying for the loans still remained difficult. She explained that Canadians couldn't qualify unless their income was at least $8,000 a year(the equivalent of $62,101.69 in 2020 dollars) and for those who could afford it, it was costly to carry a loan for an extended period.[3][6] At the same meeting, MacInnis addressed abortion and how it is necessary for the option to be available for women if the child has a possibility of being born unhealthy, their physical or mental health was imperilled or the pregnancy was caused by rape. Her precautionary measures for abortion rights were that two registered physicians had to prescribe it for any of the previous reasons and she emphasized that anyone could apply. One of her reasons why these rights would be helpful was because they would reduce the amount of wrongly performed illegal abortions.[3][6]

One problem that MacInnis recognized during her time in Parliament was that men don't usually engage in issues involving women. MacInnis advocated for those on lower incomes, in hopes of creating more opportunities for those who aren't able to create their own. She highlighted the importance of the ability for women to not have to choose between work and having children, and considered the need for more childcare centres so this could be made possible. In addition, she pressed for advancements towards training and education in order for all classes of women to qualify for better jobs.[3][7]

Legacy

MacInnis' papers (1.6 m) are held by the special collections division of the library of the University of British Columbia. They include the diaries, correspondence and speeches of her husband.[8] The university also holds Angus Maclnnis Memorial Collection, the Angus Maclnnis Papers, and the Lillie d'Easum Collection, which include material by or about MacInnis. There is also a Grace MacInnis fonds (4.6 m) at Library and Archives Canada.[9] Archival reference number is R5492.

Election results

1941 British Columbia general election: Vancouver-Burrard
Party Candidate Votes%Elected
Co-operative CommonwealthCharles Grant MacNeil9,59619.0Green tickY
Co-operative CommonwealthWinona Grace MacInnis9,40218.6Green tickY
ConservativeDonald Cameron Brown8,28316.4
ConservativeGeorge Clark Miller8,28116.4
LiberalJohn Howard Forester7,50514.8
LiberalHelen Douglas Smith7,27614.4
Socialist LabourJohn Alexander Fedoruk2670.5
Total valid votes 50,610 100.00
Total rejected ballots 268 1.2
Turnout 26,511 70.4
1945 British Columbia general election: Vancouver-Burrard
Party Candidate Votes%Elected
CoalitionGeorge Moir Weir14,93828.1Green tickY
CoalitionDonald Cameron Brown14,71127.6Green tickY
Co-operative CommonwealthWinona Grace MacInnis10,15019.1
Co-operative CommonwealthCharles Grant MacNeil10,07118.9
Labor–ProgressiveMason10422.0
Labor–ProgressiveZlotnik9881.9
Social CreditPaynter6681.3
Social CreditWardrop5511.0
Socialist LabourFedoruk1070.2
Total valid votes 53,226 100.00
Total rejected ballots 205
Turnout 52.6
1965 Canadian federal election: Vancouver Kingsway
Party Candidate Votes%±%
New DemocraticGrace MacInnis13,73049.08+1.84
LiberalJack Austin7,99428.57+1.00
Social CreditArthur Holmes4,01214.34+3.70
Progressive ConservativeGarfield Milner2,2408.01−6.54
Total valid votes 27,976100.0  
New Democratic hold Swing +0.42
1968 Canadian federal election: Vancouver Kingsway
Party Candidate Votes%±%
New DemocraticGrace MacInnis15,59949.55+0.48
LiberalEdward Bodnarchuk10,83534.42+5.85
Progressive ConservativeClaude Britton3,28510.44+2.43
Social CreditLorena T. Green1,7605.59−8.75
Total valid votes 31,479100.0  
New Democratic hold Swing −2.68
1972 Canadian federal election: Vancouver Kingsway
Party Candidate Votes%±%
New DemocraticGrace MacInnis18,10856.81+7.26
Progressive ConservativeJohn A. Cherrington6,75221.18+10.75
LiberalEd Bodnarchuk5,98618.78−15.64
Social CreditFaren Garner7502.35−3.24
IndependentWilliam John Turner2110.66
IndependentClaire Alston660.21
Total valid votes 31,873100.0  
New Democratic hold Swing −1.74

References

  1. "Grace MacInnis :: Section15.ca".
  2. "Governor General Awards in Commemoration of the Persons Case - Status of Women Canada". cfc-swc.gc.ca. Retrieved 25 October 2022.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Elizabeth, Long, Series: 4, File: MacInnis, Grace, ID: File 254. Dana Porter Library University of Waterloo.
  4. 1 2 3 "Biographic Data- Grace MacInnis, M.P., Vancouver-Kingsway"
  5. "Only One Of 36 Women Wins Seat At Ottawa". Winnipeg Free Press. 27 June 1968.
  6. 1 2 MacInnis, Grace (3 October 1967). "Report from Ottawa, Grace MacInnis, M.P., Vancouver-Kingsway". House of Commons Canada.
  7. "Grace MacInnis Wants More Help For Women". Winnipeg Free Press. 29 March 1969.
  8. Blinkhorn, Victoria Kendall (August 1987). "Grace MacInnis, 1905 - An Inventory of Her Papers in the University of British Columbia Special Collections Division" (PDF). University of British Columbia.
  9. "Finding aid to Grace MacInnis fonds, Library and Archives Canada" (PDF).
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