Schlieffen was a wolfpack of German U-boats that operated during the battle of the Atlantic in World War II.
Service history
Schlieffen was formed in October 1943 to operate against the North Atlantic convoy routes and comprised 14 boats. It consisted of 6 boats from the disbanded group Rossbach, plus 7 others from bases in France and Germany, while another, U-455, joined from patrol in the Mid Atlantic.
Whilst moving into position a number of boats came under attack, principally from aircraft from USS Card, which was operating against their re-fuelling operation. The tanker U-488 was attacked on 12 October, but suffered little damage; however, U-731, which was also attacked later that day, was forced to return to base. On 13 October two more boats (U-402 and U-603) were attacked, and both were destroyed. Another two boats, U-631 and U-455 collided; both were damaged, and U-455 was forced to retire to base for repairs, while U-631, with her torpedo tubes out of action, was put on observation duties.
From 15 October Schlieffen operated against convoys ONS 20 and ON 206, which were travelling together; U-boats from Schlieffen sank one ship of 6,625 GRT, but lost six boats (U-470, U-540, U-630, U-841, U-844 and U-964) in one of the most calamitous nights of the campaign for the U-boat arm (U-Bootwaffe, UBW).
Schlieffen was disbanded after this attack, with a number of its boats forming the nucleus of a new group, code-named Siegfried.
U-boats involved
The name
Schlieffen was named for Count Alfred von Schlieffen, a Prussian field marshal and strategist of the 19th century.
References
- Jak P M Showell U-Boat Warfare: The Evolution of the Wolf-Pack (2002) ISBN 0-7110-2887-7
- Blair, Clay (1998). Hitler's U-Boat War: The Hunted 1942-1945. Cassell. ISBN 0-304-35261-6.
External links
- Helgason, Guðmundur. "Wolfpack Schliefen". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net.