The Women's Declaration International (WDI), formerly the Women's Human Rights Campaign (WHRC), is an international advocacy organization founded in the United Kingdom. WDI has published a Declaration on Women's Sex-Based Rights,[1] and has developed model legislation to restrict transgender rights that has been used in state legislatures in the United States.[2] The organization has been described as gender-critical,[3] anti-trans,[4][5][6][7][8][9] anti-LGBTQ+,[4][10] anti-gender,[11][12] trans-exclusionary,[13] trans-exclusionary radical feminist (TERF),[14][15] and as a hate group,[16] and in several countries the group has been linked to the far right.[17][18][19] It has been noted by Southern Poverty Law Center as being part of an "anti-LGBTQ+ pseudoscience network".[4][10]

History and structure

The Women's Human Rights Campaign (WHRC) was founded by Sheila Jeffreys and Heather Brunskell-Evans.[7] In February 2018, Brunskell-Evans had been removed from her role as Women's Equality Party spokesperson and resigned from the party after the party opened an investigation into comments she made to the BBC about the parents of transgender children.[20] In March 2018, Jeffreys attended a "Transgenderism and the War on Women" event at the Parliament of the United Kingdom sponsored by Conservative MP David Davies, and during her presentation, said: "when men claim to be women ... and parasitically occupy the bodies of the oppressed, they speak for the oppressed. They become to be recognised as the oppressed. There's no space for women's liberation".[21]

Mauro Cabral Grinspan, Ilana Eloit, David Paternotte and Mieke Verloo described WDI as "one of the key players of anti-trans feminism at a global scale".[5]

Declaration on Women's Sex-Based Rights

In March 2019, the WHRC launched the Declaration on Women's Sex-Based Rights in New York,[1] co-authored by Maureen O'Hara, Jeffreys and Brunskell-Evans.[22] In 2019, the group appeared to "primarily exist as the organisation behind the declaration", according to Pink News.[23]

In advance of a planned event at the Scottish Parliament hosted by MSP Jenny Marra and MSP Joan McAlpine in November 2019, the group described the declaration as intended to be "a statement on the importance of keeping the current sex based definition of woman".[1] The document refers to trans women as "men who claim a female gender identity".[1][23] The Association for Women's Rights in Development has said the declaration co-opts the "Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) framework to claim that 'sex' is an immutable category and 'gender' is not a legitimate concept",[24] and the "'sex-based' rhetoric misuses concepts of sex and gender to push a deeply discriminatory agenda".[13] Legal scholar and human rights expert Sandra Duffy described the declaration's concept of "sex-based rights" as "a fiction with the pretense of legality".[25]

The advocacy groups LGB Alliance and Women's Liberation Front (WoLF) signed the declaration in 2019,[23] while the Equality Network and the Scottish Trans Alliance criticised it.[1] Emma Ritch, executive director of the feminist policy organisation Engender said, "Trans rights and women's rights are consistent with one another, and we call on Holyrood to continue to shape legislation and scrutinise policy in order to uphold the rights of all women, including trans women, in Scotland".[1] Scottish Women's Aid said "We are immensely saddened that the Scottish Parliament, an institution we value and care so much about, would be used by those seeking to stigmatise and discriminate against trans women".[26]

The group says it is "female-only" and the Declaration on Women's Sex-Based Rights was created to "lobby nations to maintain language protecting women and girls on the basis of sex rather than gender or gender identity".[22] In December 2021, the group changed its name to Women's Declaration International.[27]

Views and advocacy

In 2021, the group called for the repeal of the Gender Recognition Act in a submission to the Women and Equalities Select Committee for an inquiry chaired by Tory MP Caroline Nokes.[7]

For International Women's Day in 2021, WHRC Norway (now WDI Norway) proposed the slogans "No to heresy in primary schools, girls and women do not have a penis" and "Only women are women," that were accused of being hateful and transphobic by the established feminist organizations.[28] Christine Marie Jentoft, an advisor on gender diversity at the Norwegian Organisation for Sexual and Gender Diversity, described WHRC as a hate group that works to deprive transgender people of autonomy and rights.[16] Gender studies professor Elisabeth L. Engebretsen described the group's Norwegian branch as anti-gender and part of a "complex threat to democracy" that "represent[s] a reactionary populist backlash to basic human rights principles," and that seeks to "demonize the very basics of trans existence".[11]

Kathleen Stock, who resigned from her position at the University of Sussex in 2021 following accusations of transphobia,[29] had been criticised by student protesters for signing WHRC's declaration.[30][31] WHRC subsequently released a joint statement together with the Women's Liberation Front (WoLF) in support of Stock.[32]

In June 2022 several groups opposing trans rights, including WDI USA, Alliance Defending Freedom, Family Research Council and Women's Liberation Front, organized a rally called "Our Bodies, Our Sports" in Washington D.C. The American Independent noted that some of the organizers, but not WDI, are designated as hate groups by the Southern Poverty Law Center, and Lindsay Schubiner, an expert on extremism, said: "There has been a clear increase in organizing to promote anti-LGBTQ and specifically anti-trans bigotry and I think that we can see that trend line moving up. This event in particular looks like an attempt to legitimize and elevate and spread their transphobia and especially to build political power around specific anti-trans policy goals". The article also noted that WDI had tweeted in support of abortion rights.[33]

In September 2023, WDI USA organized their annual convention in San Francisco, drawing protests from local feminists and LGBT+ rights activists.[6][34][35][36]

In its 2023 report titled Combating Anti-LGBTQ+ Pseudoscience, Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) described WDI as part of "the contemporary anti-LGBTQ+ pseudoscience network" and said WDI's "Declaration on Women's Sex-Based Rights" promotes "anti-trans ideology" and has "become a model for anti-trans legislation."[4][10] SPLC further said WDI engages in narrative manipulation.[10] The largest U.S. feminist organization, the National Organization for Women (NOW), described WDI and WoLF as "anti-trans bigots disguised as feminists" and said WDI has a focus on "sex fundamentalism and hostility towards trans people."[37][6] The Association for Women's Rights in Development (AWID) has described WHRC as a trojan horse in human rights spaces and argued that WHRC "engages in sensationalism and fear-mongering" to "undermine and water down the progressions of human rights standards that protect the rights of trans and gender non-conforming persons,"[13] and that WDI promotes "extreme anti-trans misinformation".[24] AWID and the Trans Safety Network have both described WHRC/WDI as "an extreme anti-trans group".[24][38] Equity Forward discussed WHRC in the context of the Trump administration's "anti-human rights multilateralism" and described it as anti-trans.[9] The Canadian Anti-Hate Network described WHRC as a "TERF project".[15] Fascism scholar Simon Strick writes that WDI’s "extremist" positions have "isolated the WDI from wider international feminism and brought them into strategic coalitions with conservative and extreme right organizations".[18][19] According to Vice the group has promoted conspiracy theories and false information.[8] An article in the journal Forskningspolitikk (Research Policy) noted that "WDI portrays itself as a women's rights organization, but spends almost all of its time persecuting trans women," including by "trolling trans people in social media".[39] A 2023 report by Transgender Europe described WDI as one of the main anti-gender actors targeting trans people in Germany, and stated that WDI's tactics include fostering open hostility towards individual trans people, encouraging conspiracy thinking, building connections with the far right and promoting "shitstorms" against selected targets.[12] An article in Der Freitag argued that WDI openly promotes far-right views when it furthers the TERF cause.[17]

In 2022, WDI USA president Kara Dansky, who has served as a WoLF board member[40] and co-chair,[41] issued a statement of support on behalf of WDI USA for the Women's Bill of Rights developed by the Republican Study Committee group of Republican Party members in the United States House of Representatives, stating it "would enshrine into law many of the principles outlined in the global Declaration on Women's Sex-Based Rights, which we work to advance throughout U.S. law".[42]

By 2023, model legislation to restrict rights for transgender people had been distributed by Women's Declaration International USA to state legislatures in the United States.[2] Proposed legislation with language similar to the WDI model legislation was introduced in some state legislatures that seek to develop laws to restrict access to gender-affirming care for youth under age 18.[2]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Davidson, Gina (6 November 2019). "Women's rights declaration sparks accusations of discrimination". The Scotsman. Archived from the original on 3 December 2021. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
  2. 1 2 3 Holcomb, Jamie (26 February 2023). "Bills restricting transgender rights circulate across the country". Columbia Missourian. Retrieved 23 April 2023.
  3. ↑ Beck, Dorothee; Habed, Adriano José; Henninger, Annette. Blurring Boundaries – ‘Anti-Gender’ Ideology Meets Feminist and LGBTIQ+ Discourses. Verlag Barbara Budrich. p. 29. ISBN 9783847418573. Among the most important 'gender critical' groups [...] are [...] the Women's Declaration International (WDI), formerly known as the Women's Human Rights Campaign (WHRC), Fair Play for Women (FPFW), Women's Place UK, Filia, Re-sisters, Sex Matters
  4. 1 2 3 4 "Timeline: Building a Pseudoscience Network". Combating Anti-LGBTQ+ Pseudoscience. Southern Poverty Law Center. 2023.
  5. 1 2 Grinspan, Mauro Cabral; Eloit, Ilana; Paternotte, David; Verloo, Mieke (2023). "Exploring TERFnesses". Journal of Diversity and Gender Studies. 10 (2). doi:10.21825/digest.90008.
  6. 1 2 3 "Anti-trans group, advertising as feminists, descends on S.F. for annual convention". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
  7. 1 2 3 Parsons, Vic. "MPs urged by anti-trans 'women's rights' group to eliminate 'transgenderism' and scrap Gender Recognition Act". PinkNews. Archived from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved 2 December 2021.
  8. 1 2 "The Anti-Trans 'Gender-Critical' Movement Is Overflowing with Bullshit". Vice. Archived from the original on 3 December 2021. Retrieved 2 December 2021.
  9. 1 2 Bangs, Molly. "What Remains of the Trump Administration's Anti-Human Rights Multilateralism?". Equity Forward. Archived from the original on 24 December 2021. Retrieved 24 December 2021. Concerningly, the anti-trans Women's Human Rights Campaign (WHRC) held a parallel event that was permitted to be posted to CSW65's civil society forum. This event featured numerous anti-trans "feminist" speakers and propagated WHRC's exclusionary "Declaration on Women's Sex-Based Rights."
  10. 1 2 3 4 "Group dynamics and division of labor within the anti-LGBTQ+ pseudoscience network". Combating Anti-LGBTQ+ Pseudoscience. Southern Poverty Law Center. 2023. Table 5.2: Networked Groups by Typology [...] Narrative Manipulation: [...] Women's Declaration International
  11. 1 2 Engebretsen, Elisabeth L. (2022). "Scientizing Gender? An Examination of Anti-Gender Campaigns on Social Media, Norway". In Eslen–Ziya, H.; Giorgi, A. (eds.). Populism and Science in Europe. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 185–206. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-97535-7_9. ISBN 978-3-030-97534-0. Archived from the original on 27 June 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
  12. 1 2 Landscape Analysis: What we know on anti-gender movement measures and actors targeting trans people across Europe and Central Asia (PDF). Transgender Europe. 2023. pp. 28–29.
  13. 1 2 3 "Trojan horses in human rights spaces: anti-rights discourses, tactics and their convergences with trans-exclusionary feminists". Association for Women's Rights in Development. Archived from the original on 29 November 2021. Retrieved 2 December 2021.
  14. ↑ Taylor, Brooke. "'Rights aren't a competition': Anti-trans hate is on the rise in Canada, activists and advocates say". CTV News. Archived from the original on 29 November 2021. Retrieved 4 December 2021.
  15. 1 2 "'The hill I am prepared to die on': the fight against trans women in Alberta". Canadian Anti-Hate Network. 19 August 2021. Archived from the original on 1 January 2022. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
  16. 1 2 "Kjønnsvurderinger". Klassekampen. 11 December 2021. Archived from the original on 31 January 2022. Retrieved 8 May 2022. Jentoft mener WHRC er en hatgruppe som jobber for å frata transpersoner autonomi og rettigheter. [Jentoft believes the WHRC is a hate group that works to deprive transgender people of autonomy and rights.]
  17. 1 2 Studnik, Joane (24 January 2023). "Was bedeutet TERF? Wie linke Transfeindlichkeit Rechtsextreme stärkt" [What does TERF mean? How left-wing transphobia strengthens the far right]. Der Freitag.
  18. 1 2 Strick, Simon (30 August 2022). "Trans Panic Comes to Germany". New Fascism Syllabus. Archived from the original on 3 December 2022. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  19. 1 2 Strick, Simon (14 August 2022). "Warum die transfeindliche Debatte einfach nicht verstummt" [Why the anti-trans debate just won't die down]. Der Spiegel (in German). Archived from the original on 19 November 2022. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  20. ↑ Duffy, Nick. "Women's Equality Party sacks official who called parents of transgender kids 'abusive'". PinkNews. Archived from the original on 2 December 2021. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
  21. ↑ Glass, Jess (15 March 2018). "Anti-trans activists hit out at 'parasitic' trans people at event in Parliament". pinknews.co.uk. pinknews. Archived from the original on 16 June 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  22. 1 2 "About Women's Declaration International - Women's Declaration International". womensdeclaration.com. Archived from the original on 2 February 2022. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
  23. 1 2 3 Parsons, Vic. "MSPs invite academic who brands trans women 'parasites' to speak on Transgender Day of Remembrance". PinkNews. Archived from the original on 4 December 2021. Retrieved 4 December 2021.
  24. 1 2 3 "'Gender ideology' narratives: A threat to human rights" (PDF). Association for Women's Rights in Development. 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 February 2023. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  25. ↑ Duffy, Sandra (26 October 2021). "An International Human Rights Law Analysis of the WHRC Declaration". Archived from the original on 16 June 2022. Retrieved 4 December 2021.
  26. ↑ Logan, Caitlin. "Feminists warn of blurred lines 'between free speech and hate speech' on trans people ahead of parliament event". Source. Common Weal. Archived from the original on 4 December 2021. Retrieved 4 December 2021.
  27. ↑ "Filing history". Companies House. Archived from the original on 1 January 2022. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
  28. ↑ "Tviholder på kvinnen: Slår tilbake mot anklagene om å være hatefull mot transkvinner". Klassekampen. 12 February 2021. Archived from the original on 20 August 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
  29. ↑ Adams, Richard (3 November 2021). "Kathleen Stock says she quit university post over 'medieval' ostracism 3 November 2021". theguardian.com. Guardian. Archived from the original on 17 March 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
  30. ↑ Andersson, Jasmine. "Kathleen Stock resigns: Trans students accuse Sussex Uni of depicting them as 'powerful political operators'". iNews. Archived from the original on 4 December 2021. Retrieved 4 December 2021.
  31. ↑ Parsons, Vic. "Labour shadow equalities minister Taiwo Owatemi systematically condemns LGB Alliance". PinkNews. Archived from the original on 2 December 2021. Retrieved 2 December 2021.
  32. ↑ Parsons, Vic. "Universities union backs trans rights in row over anti-trans professor Kathleen Stock". PinkNews. Archived from the original on 28 November 2021. Retrieved 2 December 2021.
  33. ↑ Quinlan, Casey. "Experts on white nationalism say anti-trans rally in DC part of larger threat to democracy". The American Independent. Archived from the original on 2 July 2022. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
  34. ↑ "Over 100 protest anti-trans 'feminist' convention in S.F." San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
  35. ↑ "SF Trans Rights activists protest outside of TERF conference". El Tecolote. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
  36. ↑ "San Francisco Hits The Streets To Oppose Far-Right Anti-Trans Conference". It's Going Down. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
  37. ↑ "Even if Bigots Insist it is, Waging a Hate Campaign Against Trans People is Not Feminist". National Organization for Women. 25 July 2023. Archived from the original on 2 August 2023.
  38. ↑ Moore, Mallory. "Transphobic Feminism and Far Right Activism Rapidly Converging". Trans Safety Network. Archived from the original on 22 January 2022. Retrieved 4 December 2021.
  39. ↑ Koch, Per (2023). "Ulver i akademiske fåreklær" [Wolves in academic sheep's clothing]. Forskningspolitikk.
  40. ↑ Schmidt, Samantha (7 February 2020). "Conservatives find unlikely ally in fighting transgender rights: Radical feminists". Washington Post. Retrieved 23 April 2023.
  41. ↑ Fitzsimons, Tim (29 January 2019). "Conservative group hosts anti-transgender panel of feminists 'from the left'". NBC News. Retrieved 23 April 2023.
  42. ↑ "RSC Introduces Women's Bill of Rights". Republican Study Committee. 19 May 2022. Retrieved 23 April 2023.
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