Yelagin or Elagin (feminine: Yelagina, Elagina) is a Russian-language surname. It may refer to:

• Yelagin family, Russian noble family
• Ekaterina Elagina, geologist, discoverer of the deposits of the Mir diamond mine
• Ivan Elagin (poet) (1918–1987), Russuan Emigre poet
• Ivan Yelagin (1725–1794), Russian historian and poet, unofficial secretary to Catherine the Great
• Ivan Oleksandrovych Yelagin (1934–2007), Ukrainian poet
• Nikolay Elagin (1817–1891), Russian writer and notorious censor
• Olga Elagin, poet Olga Anstei
• Vasily Igorevich Yelagin, Russian mountaineer and explorer
• Vasily Ivanovich Yelagin (1743–?), Russian general
• Vladimir Yelagin (born 1955), Russian politician

Fictional characters

• Yelagin, the protagonist of Ivan Bunin's novella Case of Cornet Yelagin (Дело корнета Елагина)