20th century

ZooAmerica's founder, Milton Hershey

In 1905, Franz and Louise Zinner moved to Lebanon, Pennsylvania, from Weisenberg, Germany. Mr. Zinner was unable to keep the 12 prairie dogs which he had been given by a friend, so he gave them to Milton S. Hershey who went on to use them as an attraction at Hershey Park. In 1910, Mr. Zinner received a black bear from the same friend and once again, it was given to Hershey. With the acquisition of another animal, Hershey decided to build a zoo that included bears, birds, deer, and other animals.

In 1910, the park officially opened and throughout the year, the zoo received a few more bears, angora goats, fox squirrels, opossums, peacocks, pheasants, and zebus. In 1914, the zoo received a lion, monkeys, and a leopard. In 1915, the zoo received major renovations to help alleviate the overflow since new animals were arriving. Those included the addition of the Hershey Laundry building. Once the renovations were done, the center of the zoo had a large building and every enclosure was renovated and some exhibits were built along the creek. In 1916, the zoo displayed hundreds of animals.^[1]

By 1934, the zoo covered more than 40 acres, had a reptile house and a pair of baby elephants, but they were sold after Hershey overheard a guest talk about how they prefer the monkeys.

Milton Hershey with an elephant at ZooAmerica, 1920

After Milton Hershey's death and the end of World War II, the zoo opened under new leadership. The zoo acquired a variety of new animals including African sheep, antelope, aoudad, bison, black bear, chipmunk, crow, deer, duck, emu, fox, goat, goose, groundhog, hare, hawk, llama, monkey, opossum, owl, parakeet, partridge, pheasant, rabbit, raccoon, skunk, squirrel, and wolf. The zoo also built a diversified wildlife education exhibit on Pennsylvania's wildlife.

In 1971, Hershey Park and Zoo America both closed for renovations. A year later, they both re-opened, the zoo included a new monkey island, a barnyard petting zoo and baby animals such as llamas and elephants. Six years later, John Strawbridge III became the new director of ZooAmerica. Under his direction, the zoo was connected with Hershey Park and decided to focus entirely on North American animals. He even made sure the animals had naturalistic exhibits.

The new North American Wildlife Park occupied 11 acres and consisted of five sections: North Woods, Eastern Woodlands, Big Sky Country, Grassy Waters, and Cactus Community.

In 1982, ZooAmerica was accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums becoming only the second zoo or aquarium in Pennsylvania to get accredited.^[5]

21st century

A black bear at ZooAmerica

Finally, in 2000 ZooAmerica opened a new bear exhibit featuring hills, grass, toys, and a 13,000-gallon swimming pond with fish for the bears. The following year two albino alligators were temporarily acquired, and another in 2012.

In 2004, the zoo established a program for kids to become more involved with conservation. It included an official mascot, Ranger Scratch, and the Ranger Scratch Kid's Club, a program designed to educate kids about conservation and environmental issues. Five years later, the zoo finished construction of their new education building, the Woodlands Education Center, which gives guests experiences with animals.^[2][6]

Southern Swamps

Goodyear, an alligator snapping turtle, who lived at ZooAmerica

The first section of ZooAmerica is the Southern Swamps, which has a variety of animals from marshy, semi-tropical areas. Some of the animals include the cottonmouth, roseate spoonbill, fiddler crab, eastern diamondback rattlesnake, bluespotted sunfish, gopher tortoise, pygmy rattlesnake, corn snake, barred owl, Florida gar, alligator snapping turtle and American alligator.^[7]

Great Southwest

Another section at ZooAmerica is the Great Southwest, which includes a section with nocturnal animals, armadillos and an open-bird sanctuary. Some animals on exhibit include the thick-billed parrot, blue spiny lizard, Mexican beaded lizard, chuckwalla, Gila monster, roadrunner, Gambel's quail, burrowing owl, desert tortoise, nine-banded armadillo, Arizona mountain kingsnake, Texas banded gecko, common vampire bat, sidewinder, gopher snake, rosy boa, black-footed ferret, ocelot, ringtail, coati, and desert box turtle.^[8]

Eastern Woodlands

The Eastern Woodlands section provides guests with a unique experience on how animals are adapting to an ever-changing eastern United States. Some animals, which can be seen include the red-tailed hawk, barn owl, bobcat, river otter, white-tailed deer, wild turkey, and black bear.^[9]

The black bears at ZooAmerica

Big Sky Country

Towards the end of ZooAmerica is Big Sky Country, which exhibits animals in their native environment in a unique way. It has vast pieces of flat grass, replicas of the bottom of mountain summits and areas where short grass meets with tall grass. Some of the wildlife species include the black-tailed prairie dog, common raven, American elk, mountain lion, long-eared owl, sandhill crane, turkey vulture, and pronghorn.^[10]

Northlands

Finally, the last section at ZooAmerica is the Northlands, which showcases animals that are native from Newfoundland across Canada into Alaska. Some animals on exhibit there are the snowy owl, peregrine falcon, gray wolf, bald eagle, porcupine, American marten and Canada lynx. It provides a great experience on how animals survive in some of the coldest climates.^[11]

An American marten at ZooAmerica

Literature

In Carole Marsh's book, The Mystery in Chocolate Town...Hershey, Pennsylvania, and in Milton Hershey: Young Chocolatier by M.M. Eboch, ZooAmerica is mentioned multiple times.

Movies

In Milton Hershey: The Chocolate King, ZooAmerica is mentioned quite a few times. The film was narrated by Jack Perkins and is available on Netflix and Biography.com.^[17]