λ相變
λ(lambda)相變是凝聚态物理学中的一類,將許多有強烈類似特性的系統放在一起,像是超流體、超導體及液晶。這些系統因為在相變的熱力學臨界特性,歸於在同一個普適類。這些系統乍看之下差異很大,但可以用類似的公式描述,而而其相图是相同的。
若將氦在1标准大气压下降溫,約為2.17 K(λ点)時,會從一般流體氦(I)相變到超流體氦(II),其比熱容對溫度的圖會類似希臘文的字母λ,因此稱這類的相變為λ相變。
參考資料
書籍
- Chaikin P. M. and Lubensky T. C. Principles of Condensed Matter Physics (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge) 1995, sect.9.
- Feynman R. P. Progress in Low Temperature Physics Vol.1, edited by C. Gorter (North Holland, Amsterdam) 1955.
期刊論文
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