開央不圓唇元音

開央不圓唇元音或低央不圓唇元音是元音的一种，用于一些口语当中。国际音标没有特定的字母表示介于前音[a]和后音[ɑ]之间的元音，通常以⟨a⟩表示。若要加以严格区分，则使用附加符号标明，诸如央元音化的⟨ä⟩或音位偏后的⟨a̠⟩，但并不通用。

開央不圓唇元音
ä
a̠
ɑ̈
ɐ̞
IPA編號304 415
編碼
HTML碼（十進制）a​̈
Unicode碼（十六進制）U+0061 U+0308
X-SAMPA音標a_"、a_-、A_"或6_o
音頻範例
來源 · 幫助

直至最近，字母⟨a⟩仍在非官方场合下用于央元音，并被大量用于现有语音学上的标示。因此常使用[a]表示央元音，并近似开前元音，若有必要，则使用[æ]，非正式情况下当作次开元音。此外，汉语言学界会用非官方符号⟨ᴀ⟩（小型大写字母A）。国际语音学协会2011–2012年投票否决了这个非官方的音标符号。[1]

特徵
  • 其圓唇度為不圓唇元音，嘴唇自然放鬆，不特別向前突起。

注释
  1. Keating (2012:245頁)

参考资料
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  • Keating, Patricia A., , Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2012, 42 (2): 245 [2014-04-06], doi:10.1017/S0025100312000114, （原始内容存档于2012-11-11）, with only 15 of 30 members voting [by email], the vote was 8 in favor, 7 against. [...] With all 30 members of the Council voting [again six months later], the resolution was defeated: 17 no, 12 yes, 1 abstention. The IPA will therefore not be adding a symbol for this vowel to the alphabet or chart.
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  • Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli, Luciana, , Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2004, 34 (1): 117–121, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001628
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  • Vanvik, Arne, , Oslo: Universitetet i Oslo, 1979, ISBN 82-990584-0-6
  • Verhoeven, Jo, , Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2005, 35 (2): 245, doi:10.1017/S0025100305002173
  • Wells, John C., 3, Cambridge University Press, 1982, ISBN 0-521-24225-8
  • Zimmer, Karl; Orgun, Orhan, , , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 154–158, 1999, ISBN 0-521-65236-7

延伸阅读
  • Barry, William; Trouvain, Jürgen, , Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2008, 38 (3): 349–357
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