专属经济区
专属经济区(英語:,缩写为),又稱經濟海域,是指国际海洋法中为解决国家或地区之间的因海域争端而提出的一个区域概念。专属经济区是指领海以外并邻接领海的一个区域,专属经济区从测算领海宽度的基线量起,不应超过二百海里(370.4公里),除去离另一个国家更近的点。专属经济区所属国家具有勘探、开发、使用、养护、管理海床和底土及其上覆水域自然资源的权利,对人工设施的建造使用、科研、环保等的权利。其它国家仍然享有航行和飞越的自由,以及与这些自由有关的其他符合国际法的用途(铺设海底电缆、管道等)。该国对其专属经济区的渔业资源和矿产资源拥有开发利用或准许它国利用的专有权。經濟海域並非領土的範疇,卻是國家主權的延伸。
![](../I/Zonmar-zh.png.webp)
專屬經濟區
聯合國1982年第三次海洋法會議做出《联合国海洋法公約》決議,對於專屬經濟區有詳細規定。該公約已有160國批准簽署,目前僅有美國、朝鮮、伊朗、泰國、利比亞等国尚未批准。
目前有關國家宣示情況
![](../I/Exclusive_Economic_Zones_-_World.svg.png.webp)
圖中深藍色區域為全球經濟海域的範圍(淡藍色為公海)
一般而言,海權大國或海島國、仍保留眾多屬島的前殖民大國,容易獲得較大的專屬經濟區的宣示空間。如美國在兩大洋本土兩側及太平洋、大西洋上擁有如夏威夷、阿拉斯加、關島、塞班等屬土,英國及法國則利用其在太平洋、大西洋及印度洋上之屬島,宣示了極大的專屬經濟區,分別為全球第五及第一。澳洲為四面環海之島型大陸,除與巴布亞紐幾內亞、紐西蘭臨接處外,亦可宣示龐大之經濟區。
序号 | 國家 | 經濟區 | 大陆架 | 經濟區 +大陆架 領土 |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ![]() | 11,691,000 | 389,422 | 12,080,422 |
2 | ![]() | 11,351,000 | 2,193,526 | 21,814,306 |
3 | ![]() | 8,505,348 | 2,194,008 | 16,197,464 |
4 | ![]() | 7,566,673 | 3,817,843 | 24,664,915 |
5 | ![]() | 6,805,586 | 722,891 | 7,048,486 |
6 | ![]() | 6,159,032 | 2,039,381 | 8,063,601 |
7 | ![]() | 5,599,077 | 2,644,795 | 15,607,077 |
8 | ![]() | 4,479,388 | 454,976 | 4,857,318 |
9 | ![]() | 4,083,744 | 277,610 | 4,352,424 |
10 | ![]() | 3,879,666[1][2] | 831,340 | 13,520,487 |
11 | ![]() | 3,681,989 | 252,947 | 4,431,381 |
12 | ![]() | 3,660,955 | 774,563 | 12,175,832 |
13 | ![]() | 3,441,810 | 7,523 | 3,442,536 |
14 | ![]() | 3,269,386 | 419,102 | 5,141,968 |
15 | ![]() | 2,996,419 | 19,403 | 2,997,121 |
16 | ![]() | 2,551,238 | 495,657 | 4,761,811 |
17 | ![]() | 2,402,288 | 191,256 | 2,865,128 |
18 | ![]() | 2,385,178 | 434,020 | 2,770,404 |
19 | ![]() | 2,305,143 | 402,996 | 5,592,406 |
20 | ![]() | 1,990,530 | 18,411 | 1,990,711 |
21 | ![]() | 1,727,408 | 92,090 | 3,969,498 |
22 | ![]() | 1,590,780 | 272,921 | 1,890,780 |
23 | ![]() | 1,589,477 | 36,282 | 1,618,373 |
24 | ![]() | 1,535,538 | 156,337 | 2,756,575 |
25 | ![]() | 1,336,559 | 39,063 | 1,337,014 |
26 | ![]() | 1,284,997 | 29,061 | 1,287,037 |
27 | ![]() | 1,282,978 | 47,705 | 1,301,250 |
28 | ![]() | 1,225,259 | 101,505 | 1,812,300 |
29 | ![]() | 1,159,063 | 856,346 | 3,939,463 |
30 | ![]() | 1,077,231 | 41,034 | 1,333,600 |
31 | ![]() | 1,039,233 | 77,920 | 1,545,225 |
32 | ![]() | 923,322 | 34,538 | 923,622 |
33 | ![]() | 906,454 | 82,000 | 2,191,670 |
34 | ![]() | 825,052 | 55,895 | 1,462,709 |
35 | ![]() | 808,158 | 53,691 | 1,949,906 |
36 | ![]() | 800,561 | 5,591 | 804,594 |
37 | ![]() | 751,345 | 108,015 | 854,345 |
38 | ![]() | 749,790 | 3,575 | 749,816 |
39 | ![]() | 663,251 | 11,483 | 675,440 |
40 | ![]() | 659,558 | 8,517 | 660,305 |
41 | ![]() | 654,715 | 106,323 | 668,658 |
42 | ![]() | 603,978 | 2,837 | 604,437 |
43 | ![]() | 578,986 | 94,212 | 1,380,576 |
44 | ![]() | 575,230 | 115,157 | 1,287,780 |
45 | ![]() | 574,725 | 19,585 | 625,825 |
46 | ![]() | 564,748 | 86,698 | 1,388,864 |
47 | ![]() | 552,669 | 59,229 | 1,080,637 |
48 | ![]() | 541,915 | 116,834 | 843,251 |
49 | ![]() | 533,180 | 59,071 | 842,680 |
50 | ![]() | 532,775 | 220,332 | 1,209,353 |
51 | ![]() | 532,619 | 32,453 | 598,229 |
52 | ![]() | 518,433 | 48,092 | 1,765,133 |
53 | ![]() | 505,572 | 81,451 | 637,529 |
54 | ![]() | 475,469 | 292,522 | 575,469 |
55 | ![]() | 471,507 | 98,500 | 1,387,950 |
56 | ![]() | 417,663 | 365,198 | 748,875 |
57 | ![]() | 410,310 | 139,935 | 480,583 |
58 | ![]() | 351,589 | 64,763 | 2,111,129 |
59 | ![]() | 350,751 | 61,525 | 460,637 |
60 | ![]() | 335,646 | 53,404 | 411,163 |
61 | ![]() | 334,671 | 323,412 | 665,474 |
62 | ![]() | 308,480 | 41 | 308,501 |
63 | ![]() | 303,509 | 7,820 | 331,560 |
64 | ![]() | 299,397 | 230,063 | 812,517 |
65 | ![]() | 263,451 | 61,591 | 1,265,451 |
66 | ![]() | 261,654 | 56,093 | 1,045,216 |
67 | ![]() | 258,137 | 9,802 | 269,128 |
68 | ![]() | 255,898 | 10,738 | 304,569 |
69 | ![]() | 249,734 | 17,715 | 361,103 |
70 | ![]() | 249,542 | 68,718 | 362,034 |
71 | ![]() | 241,888 | 25,611 | 1,186,975 |
72 | ![]() | 235,999 | 51,383 | 1,117,911 |
73 | ![]() | 235,349 | 22,502 | 473,888 |
74 | ![]() | 228,633 | 107,249 | 2,378,323 |
75 | ![]() | 217,313 | 42,285 | 1,141,081 |
76 | ![]() | 215,611 | 28,625 | 287,351 |
77 | ![]() | 202,790 | 35,020 | 470,458 |
78 | ![]() | 186,898 | 426 | 187,328 |
79 | ![]() | 176,254 | 10,175 | 498,717 |
80 | ![]() | 168,718 | 118,693 | 1,797,468 |
81 | ![]() | 165,338 | 31,662 | 1,190,858 |
82 | ![]() | 163,752 | 1,526 | 165,987 |
83 | ![]() | 160,885 | 154,604 | 602,255 |
84 | ![]() | 158,861 | 23,092 | 355,583 |
85 | ![]() | 154,011 | 77,246 | 192,345 |
86 | ![]() | 147,318 | 79,142 | 750,818 |
87 | ![]() | 142,166 | 75,327 | 318,381 |
88 | ![]() | 137,765 | 50,578 | 352,734 |
89 | ![]() | 132,826 | 54,566 | 253,364 |
90 | ![]() | 131,397 | 1,902 | 132,361 |
91 | ![]() | 127,950 | 2,087 | 130,781 |
92 | ![]() | 127,772 | 53,631 | 291,592 |
93 | ![]() | 126,760 | 6,683 | 154,510 |
94 | ![]() | 126,353 | 9,985 | 2,508,094 |
95 | ![]() | 123,881 | 70,874 | 254,254 |
96 | ![]() | 123,725 | 39,339 | 159,850 |
97 | ![]() | 116,942 | 11,073 | 697,309 |
98 | ![]() | 114,170 | 14,422 | 223,059 |
99 | ![]() | 110,089 | 4,128 | 110,531 |
100 | ![]() | 101,857 | 67,126 | 265,467 |
101 | ![]() | 98,707 | 4,042 | 107,958 |
102 | ![]() | 90,962 | 16,852 | 112,003 |
103 | ![]() | 87,171 | 85,109 | 425,590 |
104 | ![]() | 86,392 | 66,438 | 230,390 |
106 | ![]() | 77,728 | 61,817 | 195,328 |
107 | ![]() | 74,199 | 25,284 | 79,329 |
108 | ![]() | 70,326 | 25,648 | 85,200 |
109 | ![]() | 68,148 | 19,827 | 1,954,216 |
110 | ![]() | 62,515 | 62,515 | 243,550 |
111 | ![]() | 59,426 | 44,755 | 305,283 |
112 | ![]() | 59,032 | 50,277 | 115,626 |
113 | ![]() | 58,218 | 57,474 | 141,818 |
114 | ![]() | 57,485 | 57,485 | 414,599 |
115 | ![]() | 54,823 | 5,301 | 55,139 |
116 | ![]() | 36,992 | 36,992 | 82,219 |
117 | ![]() | 36,302 | 1,561 | 36,691 |
118 | ![]() | 35,351 | 13,178 | 58,317 |
119 | ![]() | 34,307 | 10,426 | 145,186 |
120 | ![]() | 33,221 | 2,721 | 145,843 |
121 | ![]() | 31,590 | 31,590 | 43,176 |
122 | ![]() | 31,017 | 7,982 | 373,017 |
123 | ![]() | 29,797 | 29,797 | 342,482 |
124 | ![]() | 28,985 | 659 | 29,736 |
125 | ![]() | 28,452 | 27,772 | 93,011 |
126 | ![]() | 27,426 | 2,237 | 27,770 |
127 | ![]() | 26,352 | 3,745 | 48,424 |
128 | ![]() | 23,627 | 19,303 | 262,018 |
129 | ![]() | 23,112 | 5,581 | 34,407 |
130 | ![]() | 21,946 | 3,243 | 91,646 |
131 | ![]() | 19,516 | 1,067 | 29,968 |
132 | ![]() | 16,547 | 11,420 | 491,989 |
133 | ![]() | 15,617 | 544 | 16,156 |
134 | ![]() | 13,691 | 6,979 | 42,439 |
135 | ![]() | 12,045 | 1,265 | 68,830 |
136 | ![]() | 11,026 | 11,026 | 28,844 |
137 | ![]() | 10,503 | 1,085 | 195,683 |
138 | ![]() | 10,225 | 10,225 | 10,975 |
139 | ![]() | 10,090 | 8,509 | 15,855 |
140 | ![]() | 9,974 | 653 | 10,235 |
141 | ![]() | 7,745 | 3,896 | 21,557 |
142 | ![]() | 7,459 | 3,187 | 30,659 |
143 | ![]() | 7,031 | 7,031 | 72,331 |
144 | ![]() | 3,447 | 3,447 | 33,975 |
145 | ![]() | 1,606 | 1,593 | 2,346,464 |
146 | ![]() | 1,067 | 1,067 | 1,772 |
147 | ![]() | 771 | 771 | 439,088 |
148 | ![]() | 288 | 290 | |
149 | ![]() | 256 | 256 | 6,276 |
150 | ![]() | 220 | 220 | 20,493 |
151 | ![]() | 166 | 59 | 89,508 |
152 | ![]() | 50 | 50 | 51,259 |
– | ![]() | 2,724,900 | ||
– | ![]() | 1,564,100 | ||
– | ![]() | 1,284,000 | ||
– | ![]() | 1,267,000 | ||
– | ![]() | 1,240,192 | ||
– | ![]() | 1,104,300 | ||
– | ![]() | 1,098,581 | ||
– | ![]() | 752,612 | ||
– | ![]() | 652,090 | ||
– | ![]() | 622,984 | ||
– | ![]() | 619,745 | ||
– | ![]() | 582,000 | ||
– | ![]() | 488,100 | ||
– | ![]() | 447,400 | ||
– | ![]() | 406,752 | ||
– | ![]() | 390,757 | ||
– | ![]() | 274,222 | ||
– | ![]() | 241,038 | ||
– | ![]() | 236,800 | ||
– | ![]() | 207,600 | ||
– | ![]() | 199,951 | ||
– | ![]() | 147,181 | ||
– | ![]() | 143,100 | ||
– | ![]() | 118,484 | ||
– | ![]() | 93,028 | ||
– | ![]() | 86,600 | ||
– | ![]() | 83,871 | ||
– | ![]() | 78,867 | ||
– | ![]() | 77,474 | ||
– | ![]() | 49,035 | ||
– | ![]() | 41,284 | ||
– | ![]() | 38,394 | ||
– | ![]() | 33,846 | ||
– | ![]() | 30,355 | ||
– | ![]() | 29,743 | ||
– | ![]() | 27,834 | ||
– | ![]() | 26,338 | ||
– | ![]() | 25,713 | ||
– | ![]() | 17,364 | ||
– | ![]() | 10,887 | ||
– | ![]() | 2,586 | ||
– | ![]() | 468 | ||
– | ![]() | 160 | ||
– | ![]() | 61 | ||
– | ![]() | 0.44 | ||
总计 | ![]() | 137,273,110 | 25,153,541 | 274,239,014 |
经济专属区相关纠纷
参考文献
来源
外部連結
![]() |
维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源:专属经济区 |
- Interactive map at MarineRegions.org (页面存档备份,存于), showing boundaries and disputes
- United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea – Part V(页面存档备份,存于)
- Sea Around Us Project – View the EEZ of all countries(页面存档备份,存于) (note that this website does not distinguish between the territorial seas and the EEZs, therefore it tends to overstate the EEZ areas. See: EEZ AREA MEASURE (页面存档备份,存于))
- The USA zone since 1977
- GIS data: VLIZ.be(页面存档备份,存于)
- Foreign Military Activities in Asian EEZs: Conflict Ahead? (页面存档备份,存于) by Mark J. Valencia (May 2011)
- EEZ Management (页面存档备份,存于)
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.