兜蘭屬

兜兰属
	美麗拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum bellatulum
科学分类
界：	植物界 Plantae
演化支：	Tracheophyta
演化支：	被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支：	单子叶植物 Monocots
目：	天門冬目 Asparagales
科：	蘭科 Orchidaceae
亚科：	杓兰亚科 Cypripedioideae
属：	兜兰属 Paphiopedilum; Pfitzer, 1886
亞屬
	5個，詳見內文
多样性
	[[见正文\|約80個物種]]
異名
	Cordula Raf.; Menephora Raf.; Stimegas Raf.

兜蘭屬（学名：），又称拖鞋蘭、仙履蘭，或音譯作芭菲爾鞋蘭，是蘭科下的一個屬。屬名Paphiopedilum來自希臘文Paphia及pedilon（拖鞋）組合而成。paphia是希臘神話中的愛神阿芙蘿黛蒂的一個別名，源自阿芙蘿黛蒂誕生後在愛琴海賽普勒斯（Cyprus）島上的登陸地點帕福斯（Paphos）而來。全屬約有128個物種（含31個天然雜交種），分布於中國大陸南方、印度、東南亞及大洋洲諸島。拖鞋蘭的品种有麻栗坡拖鞋蘭、长瓣拖鞋蘭、虎斑拖鞋蘭、卷萼拖鞋蘭、紫紋拖鞋蘭、同色拖鞋蘭、越南拖鞋蘭等。

生物分類學和系統學

1886年，德國植物學家烏戈·恩斯特海因里希‧輝瑞（Ernst Hugo Heinrich Pfitzer，1846~1906）將喜普鞋蘭屬（Cypripedium）中的一群物種分離出來，獨立為一個新屬。它與全北區的親緣屬喜普鞋蘭屬（Cypripedium）曾被認為是同一屬。兜蘭屬在1959年被定為一有效分類單元。

下属物种

本属包括以下物种：

小萼亞屬 Parvisepalum

杏黄兜兰 Paphiopedilum armeniacum S.C. Chen & F.Y. Liu, 1982 金童拖鞋蘭
Paphiopedilum delenatii Guillaumin 1924 德氏拖鞋蘭
白花兜兰 Paphiopedilum emersonii Koop. & P.J. Cribb 1986 愛默森拖鞋蘭
Paphiopedilum × fanaticum Koop. & N.Haseg. 1992 梵天拖鞋蘭
Paphiopedilum × glanzii O.Gruss & Perner 2006 葛蘭斯拖鞋蘭
绿叶兜兰 Paphiopedilum hangianum Perner & Gruss 1999 漢姬拖鞋蘭
Paphiopedilum jackii H.S.Hua 1995 傑克拖鞋蘭
麻栗坡兜兰 Paphiopedilum malipoense S.C. Chen & Tsi 1984 麻栗坡拖鞋蘭
硬叶兜兰 Paphiopedilum micranthum Tang & Wang 1951 玉女拖鞋蘭
越南拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum vietnamense O. Gruss & Perner 1999

短瓣亞屬 Brachypetalum

巨瓣兜兰 Paphiopedilum bellatulum (Rchb.f)Stein 1892 美麗拖鞋蘭
同色兜蘭 Paphiopedilum concolor (Bateman) Pfitzer 1888 同色拖鞋蘭
云南兜兰 Paphiopedilum godefroyae (Godefroy Lebeuf) Stein 1892 戈弗雷拖鞋蘭
白唇拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum leucochilum (Rolfe) Fowlie, 1975
雪白拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum niveum (Rchb.f) Stein, 1892
泰蓮拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum thaianum Iamwir., 2006
文山拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum × wenshanense Z.J.Liu & J.Yong Zhang 2000

多花亞屬 Polyantha

多花節 Section Polyantha

亞德拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum adductum Asher 1983，馬面拖鞋蘭
雅尼拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum anitum Golamco 1998
巨葉拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum gigantifolium Braem, Baker & Baker 1997
腺瓣拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum glanduliferum (Blume) Pfitzer 1895
科羅拔拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum kolopakingii Fowlie 1984
黃氏拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum ooii Koop. 1999
菲律賓拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum philippinense (Rchb.f) Stein 1892
超群拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum praestans (Rchb.f) Pfitz 1894
蘭德拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum randsii Fowlie 1969
羅貝倫拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum roebbelenii (Rchb.f) Pfitzer 1894
羅氏兜蘭 Paphiopedilum rothschildianum (Rchb. f.) Stein 1892，洛斯拖鞋蘭
桑德拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum sanderianum (Rchb. f.) Stein 1895
史東拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum stonei (Hook. f.) Pfitzer 1895
蘇帕迪拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum supardii Braem & Lob 1985
闊葉拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum platyphyllum T.Yukawa 2001
威廉明娜拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum wilhelminae L.O.Williams 1942

長瓣節 Section Pardalopetalum

长瓣兜兰 Paphiopedilum dianthum Tang & Wang 1940 雙花拖鞋蘭／長瓣拖鞋蘭
飘带兜兰 Paphiopedilum parishii (Rchb.f) Stein 1894 派瑞許拖鞋蘭
哈伊納拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum haynaldianum (Rchb.f.) Stein 1892 ，細瓣拖鞋蘭
印坦拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum intaniae Cavestro 2000，蘇島拖鞋蘭
洛氏拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum lowii (Lindl.) Pfitzer 1895
理查德拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum richardianum Asher & Beaman 1988

拖鞋蘭亞屬 Paphiopedilum

拖鞋蘭節 Section Paphiopedilum

Paphiopedilum × affine De Wild. 1906
磚色拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum coccineum
根莖拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum × areeanum O.Gruss 2001
Paphiopedilum × aspersum Aver. 2002
小叶兜兰 Paphiopedilum barbigerum T. Tang & F.T. Wang 1940 小葉拖鞋蘭
柏薩爾拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum boxalli (Rchb. f.) Pfitzer 1888
查爾斯拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum charlesworthii
(Rolfe) Pfitzer 1895
- Paphiopedilum charlesworthii var. lannaense W. Tongkham, S. Pumikong, N. Potapohn & W. Bundithya, 2022[1]
Paphiopedilum cornutum Z.J.Liu, O.Gruss & L.J.Chen 2011
磚色拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum coccineum Perner & R.Herrm. 2000
克里布拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum × cribbii Aver. 2006
德魯氏拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum druryi (Bedd.) Pfitzer 1895
大勒拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum × dalatense Aver. 2002
狹葉拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum exul (Ridl.) Rolfe 1896
菲爾瑞拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum fairrieanum (Lindley) Stein 1892 [2]
葛拉提斯拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum gratrixianum Rolfe 1905
海伦兜兰 Paphiopedilum helenae Aver. 1996 海倫拖鞋蘭，巧花兜兰
亨利兜兰 Paphiopedilum henryanum Braem 1987 亨利拖鞋蘭
禾曼兜兰 Paphiopedilum × herrmannii F.Fuchs & H.Reisinger 1995 赫爾曼拖鞋蘭
带叶兜兰 Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum (Lindl. ex Hook. f.) Pfitzer 1892 毛花拖鞋蘭
虎克拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum hookerae (Rchb. f.) Pfitzer 1895
波瓣兜兰 Paphiopedilum insigne (Lindley) Pfitz 1888 波瓣拖鞋蘭
Paphiopedilum × nitens Z.J.Liu, O.Gruss & L.J.Chen 2011
史拜瑟拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum spicerianum (Rchb.f) Pfitz. 1888
中華紫毛拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum × sinovillosum Z.J.Liu & S.C.Chen 2004
虎紋拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum tigrinum Koop. & N. Hasegawa 1990
泉氏拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum tranlienianum O.Gruss & H.Perner 1998
紫毛兜兰 Paphiopedilum villosum (Lindl.) Pfitzer 1895 紫毛拖鞋蘭
Paphiopedilum vejvarutianum O.Gruss & Roellke 2003
無量山拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum × wuliangshanicum Z.J.Liu, O.Gruss & L.J.Chen 2011
盈江拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum × yingjiangense Z.J.Liu & S.C.Chen 2007

鬚毛節 Section Barbata

Paphiopedilum anitanum Cavestro 2017 安塔拖鞋蘭
卷萼兜兰 Paphiopedilum argus (Rchb. f.) Stein 1892 阿戈斯拖鞋蘭
卷萼兜兰 Paphiopedilum appletonianum (Gower) Rolfe 1896 阿普爾頓拖鞋蘭
齒唇拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum acmodontum M.W. Wood 1976
阿格斯拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum agusii Cavestro & N. Bougourd 2017
鬚毛拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum barbatum (Lindl.) Pfitzer 1888
布倫拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum bullenianum [Rchb.f] Pfitzer 1894
布干維爾拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum bougainvilleanum Fowlie 1971
布拉姆拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum braemii H. Mohr 1989
Paphiopedilum bungebelangi Metusala[3]
瘤瓣拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum callosum (Rchb. f.) Stein 1892
耿氏拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum canhii Aver. & O.Gruss 2010
短毛拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum ciliolare (Rchb. f.) Stein 1892
柯蒂斯拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum curtisii (Rchb. f.) Pfitzer 1895
戴氏拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum dayanum (Rchb. f.) Pfitzer 1895
福利拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum fowliei Birk 1981
Paphiopedilum hennisianum (M.W. Wood) Fowlie 1977 亨尼斯拖鞋蘭
Paphiopedilum inamorii P.J.Cribb & A.L.Lamb 2011 稻盛拖鞋蘭
爪哇拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum javanicum (Reinw. ex Blume) Pfitzer 1888
蓋洛格拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum × kimballianum (Rchb.f.) Rolfe 1896
勞倫斯拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum lawrenceanum (Rchb. f.) Pfitzer 1888
Paphiopedilum lunatum Metusala[3]
倫魯安拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum rungsuriyanum O.Gruss, Rungruang, Chaisur. & Dionisio, 2014[4]
麥斯特拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum mastersianum (Rchb. f.) Pfitzer 1895
深褐拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum nigritum (Rchb. f.) Pfitzer 1896
巴布亞拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum papuanum (Ridl. ex Rendle) L.O. Williams 1946
帕娜塔拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum parnatanum Cavestro, 1999
紫紋兜蘭 Paphiopedilum purpuratum (Lindley) Stein, 1894 紫紋拖鞋蘭
普拉德拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum × pradhanii Pradhan, 1979
倫魯安拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum rungsuriyanum O.Gruss, Rungruang, Chaisur. & Dionisio 2014
羅賓森拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum robinsonianum Cavestro 2014 publ. 2013 [5]
頌氏拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum sangii Braem 1987
施洛賽拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum schoseri Braem & H.Mohr 1988
椙山拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum sugiyamanum Cavestro 2001
薩卡庫拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum sukhakulii Schoser & Senghas 1965
優秀拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum superbiens (Rchb. f.) Pfitzer 1895
暹羅拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum × siamensis (Rolfe) Rolfe 189
禿瓣拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum tonsum (Rchb. f.) Pfitzer 1895
兒本拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum urbanianum Fowlie 1981
秀丽兜兰 Paphiopedilum venustum [Wall. ex Sims] Pfitz. 1888, 維納斯拖鞋蘭[2]
堇色拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum violascens Schltr. 1911
諾讓拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum volonteanum (Sander) Stein 1892
葡色拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum viniferum Koop. & N.Haseg. 2000
彩云兜兰 Paphiopedilum wardii Summerhayes 1932 沃德拖鞋蘭
溫特沃斯拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum wentworthianum Schoser & Fowlie 1968
蘇荷曼拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum zulhermanianum Cavestro 2017

旋瓣亞屬 Cochlopetalum

張伯倫拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum chamberlainianum (O'Brien) Pfitzer 1895
多迪拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum dodyanum Cavestro 2017
灰叶兜兰 Paphiopedilum glaucophyllum (J.J.Smith.) Pfitzer 1900 灰葉拖鞋蘭
林姆拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum liemianum (Fowlie) Karas. & Saito 1982
莫迪格拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum moquetteanum (J.J. Sm.) Fowlie 1980
櫻草拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum primulinum M.W. Wood & P. Taylor 1973
聖母拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum victoria-mariae (Rolfe) Rolfe 1896
女王拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum victoria-regina (Sander) M.W. Wood 1976

地位未定

Paphiopedilum myanmaricum Koopowitz, Iamwir. & Laohap[6]
Paphiopedilum notatisepalum Z. J. Liu, M. Wang & S. R. Lan[7]
Paphiopedilum papilio-laoticus Schuit., Luang Aphay & Iio[8]

波瓣兜兰
Paphiopedilum insigne
巨瓣兜兰
Paphiopedilum bellatulum
卷萼兜兰
Paphiopedilum appletonianum
报春兜兰变种
Paphiopedilum primulinum
var. purpurascens
白旗兜兰
Paphiopedilum spicerianum
苏氏兜兰
Paphiopedilum sukhakulii
羅氏兜蘭
Paphiopedilum rothschildianum
梵天拖鞋蘭
Paphiopedilum × fanaticum
雪白兜蘭
Paphiopedilum niveum

Wicharuj Tongkham, Supalak Pumikong, Nuttha Potapohn and Weenun Bundithya. 2022. Paphiopedilum charlesworthii var. lannaense, A New Slipper Orchid from Northern Thailand identified by morphological and AFLP analyses. Phytotaxa. 531(1); 1-17. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.1.1
Dhan Bahadur Gurung, Nima Gyeltshen, Kezang Tobgay, Stig Dalström, Jangchu Wangdi, Bhakta Bahadur Ghalley, Lekey Chaida, Phuntsho, Ngawang Gyeltshen, Kelzang Dawa, Tandin Wangchuk, Rebecca Pradhan, Thomas Hoijer and Choki Gyeltshen. 2019. Distribution and Habitats of Paphiopedilum Pfitzer (Orchidaceae) known to Occur in Bhutan. Journal of Threatened Taxa. 11(9); 14101-14111. DOI: 10.11609/jott.3431.11.9.14101-14111
D. Metusala. 2017. Two New Species of Paphiopedilum (Orchidaceae: Cypripedioideae) Section Barbata from Sumatra, Indonesia. Edinburgh Journal of Botany. 74(1); 1-10. DOI: 10.1017/S0960428617000063
Olaf Gruß, Niwat Rungruang, Yongyouth Chaisuriyakul and Ibn Dionisio. Paphiopedilum rungsuriyanum, a new species discovered in Northern-Laos. [Paphiopedilum rungsuriyanum, eine neue Art aus Nord-Laos]. OrchideenJournal.
Cavestro W. 2014. Paphiopedilum robinsonianum sp. nov. Rhône-Alpes Orchidées. 52 : 10-15.
Harold Koopowitz, Prapanth Iamwiriyakul and Srisuda Laohapatcharin. 2017. Paphiopedilum myanmaricum, A New Species of Slipper Orchid (Cypripedioideae, Orchidaceae). Phytotaxa. 324(1); 97–100. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.324.1.9
Meina Wang, Si-Ren Lan and Zhong-Jian Liu. 2017. Paphiopedilum notatisepalum, A New Species of Slipper Orchid (Cypripedioideae, Orchidaceae) from China based on Morphological and DNA Evidence. Phytotaxa. 302(2); 156 – 164. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.302.2.5
Andre Schuiteman, Sulvng Luang Aphay and Shunsuke Iio. 2018. Paphiopedilum papilio-laoticus (Orchidaceae), A New Species from Laos. Orchideen Journal. 6(4); 1-21. orchideen-journal.de/permalink/OrchideenJournal_Vol6_4.pdf

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[1] Wicharuj Tongkham, Supalak Pumikong, Nuttha Potapohn and Weenun Bundithya. 2022. Paphiopedilum charlesworthii var. lannaense, A New Slipper Orchid from Northern Thailand identified by morphological and AFLP analyses. Phytotaxa. 531(1); 1-17. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.1.1

[Gurung-2] Dhan Bahadur Gurung, Nima Gyeltshen, Kezang Tobgay, Stig Dalström, Jangchu Wangdi, Bhakta Bahadur Ghalley, Lekey Chaida, Phuntsho, Ngawang Gyeltshen, Kelzang Dawa, Tandin Wangchuk, Rebecca Pradhan, Thomas Hoijer and Choki Gyeltshen. 2019. Distribution and Habitats of Paphiopedilum Pfitzer (Orchidaceae) known to Occur in Bhutan. Journal of Threatened Taxa. 11(9); 14101-14111. DOI: 10.11609/jott.3431.11.9.14101-14111

[Metusala-3] D. Metusala. 2017. Two New Species of Paphiopedilum (Orchidaceae: Cypripedioideae) Section Barbata from Sumatra, Indonesia. Edinburgh Journal of Botany. 74(1); 1-10. DOI: 10.1017/S0960428617000063

[4] Olaf Gruß, Niwat Rungruang, Yongyouth Chaisuriyakul and Ibn Dionisio. Paphiopedilum rungsuriyanum, a new species discovered in Northern-Laos. [Paphiopedilum rungsuriyanum, eine neue Art aus Nord-Laos]. OrchideenJournal.

[5] Cavestro W. 2014. Paphiopedilum robinsonianum sp. nov. Rhône-Alpes Orchidées. 52 : 10-15.

[6] Harold Koopowitz, Prapanth Iamwiriyakul and Srisuda Laohapatcharin. 2017. Paphiopedilum myanmaricum, A New Species of Slipper Orchid (Cypripedioideae, Orchidaceae). Phytotaxa. 324(1); 97–100. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.324.1.9

[7] Meina Wang, Si-Ren Lan and Zhong-Jian Liu. 2017. Paphiopedilum notatisepalum, A New Species of Slipper Orchid (Cypripedioideae, Orchidaceae) from China based on Morphological and DNA Evidence. Phytotaxa. 302(2); 156 – 164. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.302.2.5

[8] Andre Schuiteman, Sulvng Luang Aphay and Shunsuke Iio. 2018. Paphiopedilum papilio-laoticus (Orchidaceae), A New Species from Laos. Orchideen Journal. 6(4); 1-21. orchideen-journal.de/permalink/OrchideenJournal_Vol6_4.pdf