八魯灣之戰
八魯灣之戰是花剌子模對蒙古戰爭中唯一勝仗,發生於1221年。
发生在阿富汗加茲尼附近的小村莊八魯灣,花剌子模指挥官是札蘭丁,蒙古方面則是失吉忽禿忽。蒙古軍約七萬人,其中大部分是騎兵,札蘭丁的兵力則達到了四萬人,大多為步兵,其中有三萬多人來自阿富汗。
戰鬥發生在一個狹窄的山谷,不適合騎兵行動,第一天花剌子模派出弓箭手且指示下馬,兵分兩翼放箭擊退蒙古軍,而蒙古軍則因地形狹窄無法使出戰術,第二天蒙古軍試圖以草人誘敵但沒有成功,第三天蒙古軍在花剌子模放箭時詐敗撤去,成功誘敵反攻殺了五百人,但札蘭丁見狀便上前線追擊蒙古軍,以致蒙古軍敗退並折損一半以上的兵力。但在戰後當晚札蘭丁的岳父和阿富汗酋長起內鬨,爭論誰來養一匹在戰鬥中發現的蒙古白馬,札蘭丁支持其岳父,之後軍隊分裂,許多阿富汗人都離開了,第二天札蘭丁向東撤退,隨後被成吉斯汗派出更強勁的追兵所迫逃亡印度。
註腳
- Dupuy & Dupuy 1993,第366頁.
- Şahin. M. A "Resurrectıon Story: War Of Parwan", Turkish Studies – International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic, ISSN: 1308-2140, Volume 11/16 Fall 2016,
- De Hartog 2004.
- Mclynn, Frank (2015). Genghis Khan His Conquests, His Empire, His Legacy. Da Capo Press. p. 306. ISBN 978-0-306-82396-1.
參考文獻
- Barthold, W. third. Messers. Luzac and Company Ltd. 1968.
- Boyle, J. A. (编). . Cambridge University Press. 1968. ISBN 978-0-521-06936-6.
- Bregel, Yuri. . Brill, Boston. 2003. ISBN 90-04-12321-1 请检查
|isbn=
值 (帮助). - Buniyatov, Z.M. . IICAS Samarkand. 2015. ISBN 978-9943-357-21-1.
- Tanner, Stephen. . DA CAPO Press. 2002. ISBN 0-306-81233-9.
- Fleet, John F.; Temple, Richard C. (编). The Indian Antiquary a Journal of Oriental Research. 1885, XIV. 缺少或
|title=
为空 (帮助) - Asayesh, Maryam Ebadi. . Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 2017 [2022-05-19]. ISBN 978-1-5275-0082-2. (原始内容存档于2022-05-19) (英语).
- De Hartog, Leo. . Londres; Nueva York: Tauris Parke Paperbacks. 2004. ISBN 978-1-86064-972-1.
- Dupuy, Trevor N.; Dupuy, R. Ernest. . Harper Collins Publishers. 1993.
- Jaques, Tony. . Greenwood Publishing Group. 2007 [2022-05-19]. ISBN 978-0-313-33539-6. (原始内容存档于2022-05-19).
- McLynn, Frank. . Random House. 2015 [2022-05-19]. ISBN 978-1-4464-4929-5. (原始内容存档于2022-05-19) (英语).
A violent dispute arose between Ighrak and Temur Melik over the distribution of the booty and, in particular, over possession of a treasured white horse...
- Tanner, Stephen. . Da Capo Press. 2009: 94.
- Tucker, Spencer C. (编). I. ABC-CLIO. 2010.
- Tucker, Spencer C. (编). . Santa Bárbara: ABC-CLIO. 2015: 117. ISBN 9781610697866.
- Saunders, J. J. . University of Pennsylvania Press. 2001 [2022-05-19]. ISBN 978-0-8122-1766-7. (原始内容存档于2022-05-19) (英语).
He actually succeeded in routing a Mongol detachment at Parwan near Kabul in Afghanistan , 39 an event which raised many false hopes and led to fatal uprisings against Mongol rule in Mery , Herat and elsewhere in the autumn of 1221 .
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.