升糖负荷
升糖负荷(glycemic load,GL)又称血糖负荷[1],是描述食物摄入后将如何升高人的血糖水平,1个单位的升糖负荷约相当于吃1克葡萄糖的效果。[2]对于1份食物,升糖负荷大于20被认为是高的;在11-19为中等的;低于10为低负荷。[3]
升糖负荷利用升糖指数"加权"食物中可吸收碳水化合物的量,计算公式为:
計算例子如:西瓜的升糖指数很高为72;但是西瓜的含糖量较低(约5%),因此西瓜的升糖负荷较低,100克西瓜的升糖负荷为5 x 72/100=3.6。
升糖负荷与升糖指数的数据可参见悉尼大学人类营养GI数据库。[4]升糖负荷对于糖尿病饮食、代谢综合症、胰岛素抵抗、减肥等,比升糖指数较有价值;研究表明餐后的血糖与胰岛素保持高峰值水平将增加患糖尿病风险。[5][6][7][8]
食物的升糖负荷, 每100克
食物 | 升糖指数 | 碳水化合物 含量 (% by 重量) | 升糖负荷 | 胰岛素指数 |
---|---|---|---|---|
法式长棍面包, 白色 | 95 (高) | 50 | 48.0 | — |
香蕉, 10项研究的平均值 | 52 (low)–55.3±7 (低)[9] | 20 | 10–11.06±1.4[10] | 56.7±3.5[9] |
胡萝卜, 4项研究的平均值 | 47 (低) | 7.5 | 3.5 | — |
墨西哥薄饼 | 52 (低) | 48 | 25.0 | — |
马铃薯, 5项研究平均值 | 50 (低)–98.7±24.5 (高)[9] | 18.6 | 9.3–18.3582±4.557[10] | 84.7±7.7[9] |
大米, 12项研究平均值 | 64±9 (中等)[11]–77±10.5 (高)[9]–83±13 (高)[11]–93±11 (高)[11] | 77.5[11] –79.9[11] –79.6[11] | 49.6±6.975[12] –60.83±8.295[10] –66.317±10.387[12] –74.028±8.756[12] | 40±10[11] –55.3±8.4[9] –67±15[11] -67±11[11] |
西瓜 | 72 (高) | 5 | 3.6 | — |
参考文献
- . [2023-05-24]. (原始内容存档于2023-05-24).
- . Glycemic Research Institute. [8 February 2013]. (原始内容存档于2018-09-27).
- Das, Sai Krupa; et al. . American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. April 2007, 85 (4): 1023–1030 [8 February 2013]. PMC 2920502 . PMID 17413101. (原始内容存档于2017-07-19).
- . University of Sydney. [8 February 2013]. (原始内容存档于2014-05-06).
- Ludwig, Daniel S. . Journal of the American Medical Association. May 2002, 287 (18): 2414–2423. PMID 11988062. doi:10.1001/jama.287.18.2414.
- Villegas, Raquel; Liu, Simin; Gao, Yu-Tang; Yang, Gong; Li, Honglan; Zheng, Wei; Shu, Xiao Ou. . Archives of Internal Medicine. 2007, 6167 (21): 2310–2316 [8 February 2013]. PMID 18039989. doi:10.1001/archinte.167.21.2310. (原始内容存档于2014-04-17).
- Krishnan, Supriya; Rosenberg, Lynn; Singer, Martha; Hu, Frank B.; Djoussé, Luc; Cupples, L. Adrienne; Palmer, Julie R. . Archives of Internal Medicine. 2007, 167 (21): 2304–2309 [8 February 2013]. PMID 18039988. doi:10.1001/archinte.167.21.2304. (原始内容存档于2014-05-09).
- . The Nutrition Source. Harvard School of Public Health. [8 February 2013]. (原始内容存档于2014-05-08).
- Holt, Susanne H. A.; Miller, Janette C. Brand; Petocz, Peter. (PDF). The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. November 1997, 66 (5): 1264–1276 [8 February 2013]. PMID 9356547. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2012-12-24). 简明摘要 – David Mendosa (14 October 2009).
Note: Glucose Score & Insulin Score multiplied by 0.7 for Glycemic index & Insulin index respectively. - Calculation using data already tabulated and data from Holt, 1997.
- Miller, Janette Brand; Pang, Edna; Bramall, Lindsay. (PDF). The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. December 1992, 56 (6): 1034–1036 [8 February 2013]. PMID 1442654. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2014-02-11).
- Calculation based on Miller, 1992
外部链接
- "International table of glycemic index and glycemic load values: 2002", American Journal of Clinical Nutrition(页面存档备份,存于)
- Tree/freetext search-style database of Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load (same number of food items but also calculates totals according to FAO/WHO specifications(页面存档备份,存于)).
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