南美象龜屬

南美象龜屬（Chelonoidis）是陸龜科下的一個屬。[1][2]該書的龜發現於加拉帕戈斯群島和南美洲各地。以前被認為是象龜屬（Geochelone）的成員，但最近的基因證據顯示其血緣關係與折背龜屬更接近。[3]它們的祖先在漸新世穿過大西洋來到美洲，[3]這可能要歸功於它們可以把頭露出水面漂浮并可以六個月不吃不喝的能力。[3]

南美象龜屬
黃腿象龜
科学分类 编辑
界： 动物界 Animalia
门： 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲： Reptilia
目： 龜鱉目 Testudines
亚目： 曲颈龟亚目 Cryptodira
科： 陸龜科 Testudinidae
属： 南美象龜屬 Chelonoidis
Fitzgerald, 1835[1][2]
異名
  • Darwintestudo Antenbrink-Vetter & Vetter, 1998
  • Elephantopus Gray, 1874
  • Gopher Gray, 1870
  • Pampatestudo Lindholm, 1929

其下的加拉帕戈斯象龜是世界上現存最大的陸龜，這些大型龜類在更新世時就已近在南北大陸上繁衍了。[4]

下属物种

本属包括以下物种：[1][2]

  • 平塔岛象龟 Chelonoidis abingdonii (Günther, 1877)
  • Chelonoidis alburyorum Franz & Franz, 2009
  • 貝琪象龜 Chelonoidis becki (Rothschild, 1901)
  • 紅腿象龜 Chelonoidis carbonarius (Spix, 1824)
  • Chelonoidis chathamensis (Van Denburgh, 1907)
  • 阿根廷象龜 Chelonoidis chilensis (Gray, 1870)：又名查科象龜
  • Chelonoidis darwini (Van Denburgh, 1907)
  • 黃腿象龜 Chelonoidis denticulatus (Linnaeus, 1766)[5]
  • Chelonoidis dominicensis Albury et al., 2018
  • Chelonoidis donfaustoi Poulakakis, Edwards & Caccone, 2015[6]
  • Chelonoidis donosobarrosi Freiberg, 1973
  • Chelonoidis duncanensis (Garman, 1996)
  • Chelonoidis duncanensis (Pritchard, 1996)
  • Chelonoidis elephantopus [7]
  • Chelonoidis gersoni Viñola-López & Almonte, 2022
  • Chelonoidis guntheri (Baur, 1889)
  • Chelonoidis hoodensis (Van Denburgh, 1907)
  • Chelonoidis lutzae Zacarias et al., 2013
  • Chelonoidis marcanoi Chapman, 2017
  • Chelonoidis marcanoi Turvey et al., 2017
  • Chelonoidis microphyes (Günther, 1875)
  • 加拉帕戈斯象龜 Chelonoidis niger (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)
  • 阿根廷象龜 Chelonoidis petersi Freiberg, 1973
  • Chelonoidis petrocellii Agnolin, 2021
  • †Chelonoidis phantasticus (Van Denburgh, 1907)
  • Chelonoidis porteri (Rothschild, 1903)
  • Chelonoidis vandenburghi (Desola, 1930)
  • Chelonoidis vicina (Günther, 1874)

參考文獻
  1. Turtle Taxonomy Working Group 2010. (PDF). 2010-12-14 [2010-12-15]. （原始内容 (pdf)存档于2010-12-15）.
  2. Turtle Taxonomy Working Group 2011. (PDF). 2011-12-31 [2012-07-30]. （原始内容 (pdf)存档于2012-01-22）.
  3. Le, M.; Raxworthy, C. J.; McCord, W. P.; Mertz, L. (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2006-05-05, 40 (2): 517–531. PMID 16678445. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.03.003. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-03-16）.
  4. Cione, A. L.; Tonni, E. P.; Soibelzon, L. (PDF). Rev. Mus. Argentino Cienc. Nat., n.s. 2003, 5 (1): 1–19 [2011-02-06]. ISSN 1514-5158. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-07-06）.
  5. Claudia Keller, Francisco Villamarín, Rafael Bernhard and Daniely Félix da Silva. 2017. Checklist of Chelonians from the upper Madeira River and the lower Madeira-Purus interfluvium (Brazilian Amazon), including A Range Expansion for Podocnemis sextuberculata Cornalia, 1849. Check List. 12(4); 1937-1941. DOI: 10.15560/12.4.1937
  6. Nikos Poulakakis, Danielle L. Edwards , Ylenia Chiari, Ryan C. Garrick, Michael A. Russello, Edgar Benavides, Gregory J. Watkins-Colwell, Scott Glaberman, Washington Tapia, James P. Gibbs, Linda J. Cayot and Adalgisa Caccone. 2015. Description of a New Galapagos Giant Tortoise Species (Chelonoidis; Testudines: Testudinidae) from Cerro Fatal on Santa Cruz Island. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138779
  7. Joshua M. Miller, Maud C. Quinzin, Nikos Poulakakis, James P. Gibbs, Luciano B. Beheregaray, Ryan C. Garrick, Michael A. Russello, Claudio Ciofi, Danielle L. Edwards, Elizabeth A. Hunter, Washington Tapia, Danny Rueda, Jorge Carrión, Andrés A. Valdivieso and Adalgisa Caccone. 2017. Identification of Genetically Important Individuals of the Rediscovered Floreana Galápagos Giant Tortoise (Chelonoidis elephantopus) Provide Founders for Species Restoration Program. Scientific Reports. 7, Article number: 11471. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11516-2
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