卡农
卡农(Canon)是一种音乐谱曲技法,和赋格一样是复调音乐的写作技法之一,也是利用对位法的模仿技法。卡农同时也指以此种技法创作出来的音乐作品,比如巴赫的《五首卡农变奏曲》。
卡农的所有声部虽然都模仿一个声部,但不同高度的声部依一定间隔进入,造成一种此起彼伏,连绵不断的效果,轮唱也是一种卡农。在卡农中,最先出现的旋律是导句,以后模仿的是答句。
根据各声部高度不同的音程差,可分为同度卡农,五度卡农,四度卡农等;根据间隔的时间长短,可分为一小节卡农,两小节卡农等;此外还有伴奏卡农、转位卡农、逆行卡农、反行卡农等各种手法。[1]
相关历史
代表作(卡农曲)
- 《雅克兄弟》
- 《Der Hahn ist tot》
- Johann Daniel Elster 《Oh, wie wohl ist mir am Abend》
- 《Kookaburra》
参考文献
- . [2019-01-03]. (原始内容存档于2019-07-28).
延伸阅读
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- Cooper, Martin. 1970. Beethoven: The Last Decade. London and New York: Oxford University Press.
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- Lamla, Michael. 2003 Kanonkünste im barocken Italien, insbesondere in Rom. 3 vols. Berlin: Dissertation.de—Verlag im Internet. ISBN 3-89825-556-5.
- Lévy, Fabien. 2011. "Three Uses of Vuza Canons". Perspectives of New Music 49, no. 2 (Summer): 23–31.
- Mellers, Wilfred. 1983. Beethoven and the Voice of God. London: Faber and Faber.
- Messiaen, Olivier. Traité de rythme, de couleur, et d'ornithologie (1949–1992). I-II, edited by Yvonne Loriod, preface by Pierre Boulez. Paris: Leduc, 1994.
- Schiltz, Katelijne, and Bonnie J. Blackburne (eds.). 2007. Canons and Canonic Techniques, 14th–16th Centuries: Theory, Practice, and Reception History. Proceedings of the International Conference Leuven, 4–5 October 2005. Analysis in Context: Leuven Studies in Musicology 1. Leuven and Dudley, Massachusetts: Peeters. ISBN 978-90-429-1681-4.
- Vuza, Dan Tudor. 1991–93. "Supplementary Sets and Regular Complementary Unending Canons", in four parts. Perspectives of New Music 29, no. 2 (Summer 1991): 22–49; 30, no. 1 (Winter): 184–207; 30, no. 2 (Summer, 1992): 102–25; 31, no. 1 (Winter 1993): 270–305.
- Ziehn, Bernhard. Canonic Studies: A New Technique in Composition, edited and introduced by Ronald Stevenson. New York: Crescendo Pub., 1977. ISBN 0-87597-106-7.
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