原型模式
原型模式是创建型模式的一种,其特点在于通过「复制」一个已经存在的实例来返回新的实例,而不是新建实例。被复制的实例就是我们所称的「原型」,这个原型是可定制的。
原型模式多用于创建复杂的或者耗时的实例,因为这种情况下,复制一个已经存在的实例使程序运行更高效;或者创建值相等,只是命名不一样的同类数据。
结构
实现
Java
/** Prototype Class **/
public class Cookie implements Cloneable {
public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException
{
//In an actual implementation of this pattern you would now attach references to
//the expensive to produce parts from the copies that are held inside the prototype.
return (Cookie) super.clone();
}
}
/** Concrete Prototypes to clone **/
public class CoconutCookie extends Cookie { }
/** Client Class**/
public class CookieMachine
{
private Cookie cookie;//cookie必须是可复制的
public CookieMachine(Cookie cookie) {
this.cookie = cookie;
}
public Cookie makeCookie()
{
try
{
return (Cookie) cookie.clone();
} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
public static void main(String args[]){
Cookie tempCookie = null;
Cookie prot = new CoconutCookie();
CookieMachine cm = new CookieMachine(prot); //设置原型
for(int i=0; i<100; i++)
tempCookie = cm.makeCookie();//通过复制原型返回多个cookie
}
}
引用
来源
- Gamma, Erich; Helm, Richard; Johnson, Ralph; Vlissides, John. . Addison-Wesley. 1994. ISBN 0-201-63361-2.
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