双针连接器
两针连接器（英語：）是国际电工委员会（IEC）规定的一项灯具安装的工业标准。这些连接器通常用于小型的白炽灯，特别是卤素灯上，在一些日光灯的启辉器上也能见到。
一些灯泡刻意将两针之间的间距缩短，以免这些灯泡被安装在不合适的灯具上造成过热与火灾，这些规格的两针连接器有时被称作“迷你两针”。还有一些灯泡的两针是朝着底部呈九十度弯曲的直角，特别是在汽车照明中比较常见，则被称为楔形基座（英語：）或楔形插槽。
双针连接器是加拿大发明家范信达为1893年的世博会而发明的。在这之前，爱迪生的直流电系统在世博会的竞标中输给了西屋公司的交流电系统，西屋公司赢得了首次以电灯照亮世博会的合同。作为回应，爱迪生和通用电气公司进行技术封锁，禁止西屋公司使用爱迪生螺旋接口的专利。西屋则靠双针连接器克服了困难，并最终顺利照亮了世博会。[1]
种类
| 型号 | 尺寸 | 针距（中心距） | 插针直径 | 用途 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| G4 | IEC 60061-1 (7004-72) | 4.0 mm | 0.65-0.75 mm | 功率5/10/20瓦，电源6/12伏的小型卤素灯泡 |
| GU4 | IEC 60061-1 (7004-108) | 4.0 mm | 0.95-1.05 mm | MR11 |
| GY4 | IEC 60061-1 (7004-72A) | 4.0 mm | 0.65-0.75 mm | |
| GZ4 | IEC 60061-1 (7004-64) | 4.0 mm | 0.95-1.05 mm | |
| G5 | IEC 60061-1 (7004-52-5) | 5 mm | T4与T5日光灯管 | |
| G5.3 | IEC 60061-1 (7004-73) | 5.33 mm | 1.47-1.65 mm | |
| G5.3-4.8 | IEC 60061-1 (7004-126-1) | |||
| GU5.3 | IEC 60061-1 (7004-109) | 5.33 mm | 1.45-1.6 mm | |
| GX5.3 | IEC 60061-1 (7004-73A) | 5.33 mm | 1.45-1.6 mm (ROUND PINS) | 功率20/35/50瓦，电压12/24伏的MR16及其他规格的小型卤素灯泡 |
| GY5.3 | IEC 60061-1 (7004-73B) | 5.33 mm | (FLAT PINS) | |
| G6.35 | IEC 60061-1 (7004-59) | 6.35 mm | 0.95-1.05 mm | |
| GX6.35 | IEC 60061-1 (7004-59) | 6.35 mm | 0.95-1.05 mm | |
| GY6.35 | IEC 60061-1 (7004-59) | 6.35 mm | 1.2-1.3 mm | Halogen various wattage (e.g. 50 W/100 W), various voltage (e.g. 12/24 V), Common for task lighting, landscape lighting |
| GZ6.35 | IEC 60061-1 (7004-59A) | 6.35 mm | 0.95-1.05 mm | |
| G8 | 8.0 mm | Halogen 35-100 W 120 V | ||
| GY8.6 | 8.6 mm | Halogen up to 100 W, 120 V | ||
| G9 | IEC 60061-1 (7004-129) | 9.0 mm | Halogen 120 V (US) / 230 V (EU), also used for LED lamps. | |
| G9.5 | 9.5 mm | 3.10-3.25 mm | Common for theatre use, several variants | |
| GU10 | 10 mm | Twist-lock 120/230-volt MR16 halogen lighting of 35/50 watt, since the mid-2000s. Also used for compact fluorescents or LED lamps. | ||
| GZ10 | 10 mm | Twist-lock 120/230-volt MR16 halogen lighting of 35/50 watt, differs from GU10 by use of a dichroic reflector. GZ10 fixtures can also use GU10 bulbs, but not vice versa. | ||
| G12 | 12.0 mm | 2.35 mm | Used in theatre and single-end metal halide lamps | |
| G13 | 0.50 in (12.7 mm) | 0.093 in (2.35 mm) | common T8 and T12 fluorescent tubes | |
| G23 | 23 mm | 2 mm | ||
| GU24 | 24 mm | Twist-lock for self-ballasted compact fluorescents, since the 2000s | ||
| G38 | 38 mm | 11.1 mm | Mostly used for high-wattage theatre lamps | |
| GX53 | 53 mm | Twist-lock for puck-shaped under-cabinet compact fluorescents and LED lamps, since the 2000s | ||
| GX70 | 70 mm | Twist-lock for puck-shaped compact fluorescents or LED lamps |
参考资料
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- 美國專利第543,280号, incandescent electric lamp
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