主要指叫時发出的声音,而且聲音較為短促。其他諸如郊狼九尾狐鰭足類動物、胡狼吠叫猫头鹰、一些海獅科動物、草原犬鼠、一些鳥類和某些大猩猩也能发出这种声音。[1][2][2][3]

正在吠叫的狗

不過對於狼來說,這種聲音只佔狼所有發聲中的2.4%[4][5]。狼只在警告、防禦和抗议时才会發出類似於狗吠的聲音。相比之下,狗在各种各样的场合都会吠,[6] 而且還能连续吠叫数小时。 [7]虽然造成这种差异的原因尚不清楚,但很有可能與驯化歷史有關。[7][8][9][10][11]

也不是所有的狗都能發出狗吠聲。例如生活在非洲中部的巴仙吉犬由于喉部形状不同尋常,所以会发出一种與约德尔唱法類似的声音。 [12]巴辛吉犬也因此被人稱作“无吠犬”。 [13]

很多人反感狗吠,因此一些養狗人士經常為此遭到投訴。同時專門切除狗聲帶外科手术應運而生,不過此類手術被指不人道,在一些地區會遭到抵制[14][15][16]

参考文献

  1. Walker, Matt. Burrowing US prairie dogs use complex language. 页面存档备份,存于 BBC Earth News. 2 February 2010.
  2. Lord, Kathryn., Feinstein, Mark., Coppinger, Raymond. Barking and mobbing. 存檔,存档日期29 June 2011. Behavioural Processes. 2009.
  3. L. David Mech; Luigi Boitani. . University of Chicago Press. 1 October 2010. ISBN 978-0-226-51698-1.
  4. Schassburger, R.M. H. Frank , 编. . Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Dr. W. Junk. 1987.
  5. Coscia, E.M. (PhD Dissertation论文). Dalhousie University.
  6. Fedderson-Peterson, D.U. . Arch. Tierz (Kiel, Germany: Institut für Haustierkunde, Christian-Albrechts-University). 2000, 4: 387–397.
  7. Coppinger, R.; M. Feinstein. . Smithsonian. 1991, 21: 119–128.
  8. Belyaev, D.K.; I.Z. Plyusnina; L.N. Trut. . Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 1984, 13 (4): 359–370. doi:10.1016/0168-1591(85)90015-2.
  9. Fox, M.W. Saunders, W.B. , 编. . Abnormal Behaviour in Animals (Philadelphia). 1986: 179–187.
  10. Dechambre, E. . Mammalia. 1949, 13 (3): 129–137. S2CID 85263393. doi:10.1515/mamm.1949.13.3.129 (法语).
  11. Fox, M.W. . Malabar, FL. 1971.
  12. Adapted from the book "Why Pandas Do Handstands," 2006, by Augustus Brown.
  13. Tudor-Williams, Veronica. . The Basenji. BCOA African Stock Project. May 1988 [21 May 2019]. (原始内容存档于2021-07-30).
  14. . 東方日報. [2022-12-12]. (原始内容存档于2022-12-12) (中文(香港)).
  15. Richard Murray and Helen Penridge. Dogs in the Urban Environment. Chiron Media 1992, ISBN 0-646-07157-2, pp. 21–22.
  16. Mordecai Siegal and Matt Margolis. When Good Dogs Do Bad Things: Proven solutions to 30 common problems. Little, Brown and Co. 1986, ISBN 0-316-79012-5, pp. 33–44.
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