喜瑪拉雅狼
喜馬拉雅狼(學名:)[3]是一種具爭議的犬屬分類[2]。根據它的遺傳標記,其線粒體DNA顯示它的遺傳基群是北極灰狼,而在遺傳上則與藏狼相同[2][4][5]。喜瑪拉雅狼與非洲金狼(Canis lupaster)間也有關聯[2][5][6]。在喜瑪拉雅狼和藏狼的狼之間並沒有明顯的形態差異。[7]喜馬拉雅狼生活在喜馬拉雅山的拉達克、青藏高原[8][9]和中亞高地。它們主要在海拔4000米以上。喜瑪拉雅狼已經適應了低氧環境,而其他狼只發現在低海拔地區。[9]
喜瑪拉雅狼 | |
---|---|
尼泊爾安納布林納峰保護區內的喜瑪拉雅狼 | |
科学分类 | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
纲: | 哺乳纲 Mammalia |
目: | 食肉目 Carnivora |
科: | 犬科 Canidae |
属: | 犬属 Canis |
种: | C. lupus |
亚种: | 喜瑪拉雅狼 C. l. chanco |
三名法 | |
Canis lupus chanco | |
喜馬拉雅狼分佈(高地紅點)與全北界灰狼(低地藍點)的比較[2] |
特徵
喜馬拉雅狼有厚厚的皮毛,背部和尾巴呈暗褐色,面部、腹部和四肢呈黃白色。它長約110厘米(45英寸),肩高76厘米(30英寸)[10][11][12][13]。比伊朗狼大[14]。口吻、眼睛下方、上臉頰和耳朵上都有緊密排列的黑色斑點[15]。重大約35(77磅)[7]。
喜馬拉雅狼的心臟能承受高海拔地區的低氧水平,使它的心臟跳動的基因RYR2為其原因[16]。
生活習慣
喜馬拉雅狼是群居動物,一群狼的數量大約為6至8隻。一些喜馬拉雅狼的棲息範圍與印度狼重疊。然而,兩者似乎很少發生衝突。[17]
喜瑪拉雅狼通常在晚上捕獵,主要捕捉中小型動物。主要為齧齒動物和兔子,有時也會捕捉大型動物。其中包括岩羊、藏羚羊、喜馬拉雅旱獺等。[18]
參考文獻
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- Werhahn, Geraldine; Liu, Yanjiang; Meng, Yao; Cheng, Chen; Lu, Zhi; Atzeni, Luciano; Deng, Zhixiong; Kun, Shi; Shao, Xinning; Lu, Qi; Joshi, Jyoti. . Journal of Biogeography. 2020-06, 47 (6) [2022-07-21]. ISSN 0305-0270. doi:10.1111/jbi.13824. (原始内容存档于2022-07-21) (英语).
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