埃德萨之战

埃德萨战役是羅馬帝國與薩珊王朝之間的一場戰役。由於沙普尔一世曾数次率軍進攻羅馬帝國，並且於公元 253年（一說256年）佔領了叙利亚的安条克。 [5][4]260年，羅馬帝國皇帝瓦勒良率領罗马帝国军队進攻薩珊王朝[6]，並且與沙阿沙普尔一世率領的萨珊王朝军队交戰，結果罗马帝國的军队被萨珊王朝击败，瓦勒良被俘虏。

埃德萨之战
罗马－波斯战争的一部分

位於納克什魯斯塔姆的一個浮雕，主題是沙普尔一世擊敗瓦勒良
日期260年春季
地点
埃德薩
结果 萨珊王朝勝利[1]
参战方
萨珊王朝 羅馬帝國
日耳曼尼亚以及哥特人
指挥官与领导者
沙普尔一世 瓦勒良（被俘）
Successianus（被俘）
兵力
未知 70,000[2]
伤亡与损失
較少[3] 全軍覆沒[4]
至少60,000[3]

参考文献
  1. Rome and Persia in Late Antiquity: Neighbours and Rivals "We learn that during the decisive battle near Edessa, not only high Roman officials but also the emperor Valerian himself were captured by Shapur with his own hands ... The Sasanians celebrated this victory, which was one of their greatest successes over the Western opponent, as an unparalleled triumph"
  2. Encyclopaedia Iranica, "And in the third campaign, we set upon Carrhae and Edessa, and as we were besieging Carrhae and Edessa, Valerian Caesar came against us, and with him was a force (later specified as totaling 70,000) from the province (hštr) of the Goths and Germans (most Roman provinces are named)."
  3. Encyclopaedia Britannica "Losses: Roman, more than 60,000; Persian, minimal."
  4. Potter 2004, p.255
  5. Potter 2004, p.254
  6. "... Valerian Caesar marched against us, and he had had with him, from [Magna] 日耳曼尼亚 (Germān-šahr), 雷蒂亚 (Rešyā-šahr), 诺里库姆 (Nirkos-šahr), 達契亞行省 (Dākyā-šahr), 默西亞 (羅馬行省) (Mūsyā-šahr), 伊斯特拉半島 (Estriyā-šahr), 西班牙 (罗马行省) (Espāniyā-šahr), 阿非利加 (羅馬行省) (Afrikiyā-šahr), 色雷斯 (羅馬行省) (Trākyā-šahr), 比提尼亞 (Butniyā-šahr), 亚细亚 (罗马行省) (Āsiyā-šahr), 潘菲利亚 (Pamfaliyā-šahr), 伊蘇利亞 (Esuriyā-šahr), 吕考尼亚 (Lūkunyā-šahr), 加拉太 (罗马行省) (Galātenyā-šahr), Cilicia (Roman province) (Kilikiyā-šahr), Cappadocia (Roman province) (Kappadukiyā-šahr), 弗里吉亚 (Frūgiyā-šahr), 叙利亚 (罗马行省) (Sūriyā-šahr), 腓尼基 (罗马行省) (Funikiyā-šahr), 猶太 (羅馬行省) (Jehūdiyā-šahr), 佩特拉阿拉伯 (Arabiyā-šahr), Mauretania (Roman province) (Murin-šahr), 日耳曼尼亚 (Germānyā-šahr) [the province], 罗得岛 (Rodās-šahr), 奥斯若恩行省 (Asenyos-šahr), and 美索不達米亞 (羅馬行省) (Meyānrōdān-šahr) an army of 70 000 men." —Res Gestae Divi Saporis
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