外貌吸引力
外貌吸引力,或稱外表吸引力、體征美、身體吸引力等,是一個人的身體特徵(或外貌)被認為令人愉悅或美麗。該術語通常暗示性吸引力等,但也可以指涉其他方面。有很多因素會影響一個人對另一個人的吸引力,身體方面就是其中之一,這在不同文化的族群中普遍存在,例如面部對稱性(英語:Facial symmetry)[1]、社會文化相關屬性和特定個體獨有的個人偏好。[2]
在許多情況下,人類下意識地將積極的特徵,如智力和誠實,與外表有吸引力的人聯繫起來。[3] 在美國和英國的研究發現,男性的智力和外表吸引力之間的關聯比女性更強。[4] 演化心理學者試圖回答為什麼身體上更有吸引力的人平均也應該更聰明,並提出了一般智力和身體吸引力都可能是潛在適應度的概念。[4] 一個人的身體特徵可以發出生育能力和健康狀態的信號[5][6],統計模型研究表明,反映生理健康方面的面部形狀變量,包括身體脂肪和血壓,也會影響觀察者對健康的看法。[7] 關注這些因素會增加繁殖成功率,進一步提高一個人的基因在人群中的代表性。[8]
平均而言,異性戀男性往往會被外表年輕且具有對稱面孔[9]、豐滿乳房和低腰臀比等特徵的女性所吸引。[10][11] 平均而言,異性戀女性經常會被身高比自己高的男性所吸引,這些男性表現出高度的面部對稱性、男性化的面部異形、上半身力量、寬肩、相對較窄的腰部和 V 形軀幹。[12][13][14][15]
参考文献
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